英国文学总结Word文档格式.docx

英国文学总结Word文档格式.docx

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6.Proseliteraturedidshowitsappearanceuntilthe8thcentury.

7.TheAnglo-SaxonswereChristianizedinthe7thcentury.

8.EnglishliteraturebeganwiththeAnglo-SaxonsettlementinEngland.OfoldEnglishliterature,Beowulf,thenationalepicoftheEnglishpeople,isanexampleoftheminglingofnaturemythsandheroiclegends.

9.TheAngles,SaxonsandJutescamefromthecontinentandsettledintheisland.TheycomposedtheTeutonictribe.ThelanguagespokenbythesetribeswerecalledAnglo-SaxonorSaxon

10.literatureofthisperiodisdividedintotwotypes:

Pagan（异教）andChristian（基督教）literature.ItwasamixtureofpaganandChristianelements.

11.NationalepicoftheAnglo-SaxoniscalledtheSongofBeowulf（贝奥武夫）.

1.Epicislongnarrativepoemsthatrecordtheadventuresorheroicdeedsofaheroenactedinvastlandscapes.Thestyleofepicisgrandandelevated.TheexampleofepicistheSongofBeowulf,IliadandOdyssey.

2.TheheroofthesongofBeowulfisBeowulf.

3.TheartisticfeaturesofthenationalepicthesongofBeowulfareusingalliterationandmetaphorandunderstatement.

4.alliterationisarhetoricaldevice,meaningsomewordsinasentencebeginwiththesameconsonantsound（头韵）.Ortwoofmorewordsinaphraseorlinehavethesameinitialsound.Example:

thesongofBeowulf.

PartⅡTheAngloNormanPeriod.

1.In1066,theconquerorWilliam,withhisNormansarmy,succeededininvadinganddefeatingEnglandinthebattleofHasting.

2.Theliteratureinthisperiodwasremarkableforitsbright,romantictalesofloveandadventure.ThelanguageinthisperiodwasacombinationofFrenchandSaxonelements.

3.Themostnotedliteratureforminthisperiodisromances

4.theprevailingformofMedievalEnglishliteratureisromance

5.Thethemeofloyaltytokingandlordwasrepeatedlyemphasizedinromance.

6.Romancesarealongcomposition,sometimesinverse,sometimesinprose,describedthelifeandadventuresofanoblehero.ItwastheprevailingliteratureforminthefeudalEngland.TheexampleforromancesisSirGawainandtheGreenKnight.

7.ThestoryofSirGawainandtheGreenKnightistheculminationoftheArthurianromances.

8.Chivalryreferstothegreatspiritswhichshownintheknight’sdeeds.

PartⅢGeoffreyChaucer.

1.Heisregardedasthe“thefatherofEnglishpoetry”or“thefounderofEnglishpoetry”

2.Inthe14thcentury,themostimportantwriter（poet）isChaucer

3.Chaucer’smaincontributionstoEnglishliteraturecanbefoundfromlanguageaspect.

4.ItisChaucerwhoformallyfinishedtheblendofthreelanguages,Anglo-SaxonEnglish,FrenchandLatintoshapetheearlyformofmodernEnglish.

5.ItisChaucerwhofirstusedtheLondonDialectEnglishinformalwriting,anditisduetohiswritingthatmodernEnglishbecametheonlynationallanguageacceptedbyallEnglishpeople.

6.ItisChaucerwhofirstusedthe“HeroicCouplet”（双韵体）.

7.the“HeroicCouplet”referstotherhymedacoupletof5accentsiniambicmeter

8.ChaucerdevotedmasterpieceTheCanterburyTalestoEnglishliterature.Whichremainsaclassicwithsufficientheritageinbothlanguageandartisticachievements?

9.TheCanterburyTalesismorethanacollectionoftrue-to-lifepictures.Takingthestandoftherisingbourgeoisie,Chauceraffirmsmenandwomen’righttopursuetheirhappinessonearthandopposesthedogmaofasceticismpreachedbythechurch.

10.ChaucerdiedonOctober25th,1400,andwasburiedinWestminsterAbbey.Hewasthefirsttobeburiedinthepoet’sCornerofWestminsterAbbey.

11.Chaucer’searliestworkofanylengthishisTheRomanutoftheRose,whichisatranslationoftheFrenchRomandelaRose.Itwasaloveofallegory（寓言）enjoyingwidespreadpopularityinthe13thand14thcenturiesnotonlyinFrancebutthroughoutEurope.

12.ToughtheCanterburyTaleswasneverfinished,ChaucersucceededinhispurposesowellthatinithehasgivenusapictureofcontemporaryEnglishlife.

13.TheCanterburyTalesbeginswithageneralprologue.（总序言）wherewearetoldofacompanyofpilgrims.

14.ThepilgrimsarepeoplefromvariouspartsofEngland,representativenessofvariouswalksoflifeandsocialgroup,withvariousinterests,tastesandpredilections

15.Inthe14th,themostimportantwriterisGeoffreyChaucer.

16.TodayChaucerisacclaimednotonlyas“thefatherofEnglishpoetry”butalsoasthe“thefatherofEnglishfiction”.HismasterpieceisCanterburyTales

17.ThefifteenthcenturyhasbeentraditionallydescribedasthebarrenageinEnglishliterature.ButitisthespringtideofEnglishballads民谣

18.AftertheNormanConquest,feudalsystemwasestablishedinEnglishsociety.

19.Theromanceswereusuallycomposedforthenoble,andhadnothingtowiththecommonpeople.

20.TheprevailingformofMedialEnglishliteratureistheromance

21.ThestoryofSirGawainandtheGreenKnightistheculminationoftheArthurianromances

22.AftertheNormanConquest,threelanguagesexistedinEnglandatthattime.TheNormansspokeFrench

23.Thethemeofloyaltytokingandlordwasrepeatedlyemphasizedinromances

TrueandFalsestatements

1.In1066,AlexandertheGreatledtheNormanarmytoinvadeEngland.ItwascalledtheNormanConquest（F）AlexandertheGreat→WilliamtheConqueror

2.AfterNormanConquest,scholarsoftenwrotechroniclesandreligiouspoemsinEnglish（F）English→LatinorFrench

3.ThestoryofSirGawainandtheGreenKnightistheculminationoftheromancesaboutCharlestheGreat（F）

CharlestheGreat→KingArthurandhisknights.

4.ChauceradoptedandattitudeofoppositionagainstChristianityandattackedthecorruptionofthecontemporarychurchgovernmentinhispoems（T）Christianity→Catholicism

5.Allthe22talesintheCanterburyTaleswerewritteninverseform.（T）

6.Chaucer’slanguage,nowcalledOldEnglish,isvividandexact.HeisthefirstgreatpoetwhowroteintheEnglishlanguage（F）OldEnglish→MiddleEnglish

7.ThespokenEnglishofChaucer’stimeconsistedofseveraldialects,andChaucerdidmuchinmakingthedialectofLondonthestandardforthemodernEnglishspeech.（T）

partⅢ.TheRenaissance

1.The16thcenturyinEnglandwasaperiodofthebreakingupoffeudalrelationsandestablishingofthefoundationsofcapitalism.

2.ThomasMorewrotehisfamousworkUtopia

3.duringElizabethanperiod,FrancisBaconwrotemorethanfiftyexcellentessays,whichmadehimoneofthebestessayistinEnglishliterature.

4.Spenserisoftenreferredtoasthe“poet’spoet”

5.IntheElizabethanperiod,ShakespeareisthegreatestplaywrightofEngland.

6.TheprincipleideaofShakespeare’shistoricalplaysisthenecessityfornationalunityunderoneking.TheseideaswereofvitalinteresttotheElizabethanaudience.

7.Shakespeare’ssonnetismadeupofthreequatrainswithdifferentrhymes,followedbyacouplet.Therhymeschemeisababcdcdefefgg

1.The16thcenturywasatimewhen,accordingtoThomasMorse,"

sheepdevouredmen"

2.TheoldEnglisharistocracyhavingbeenexterminatedinthecourseoftheWaroftheRoses,

3.AbsolutemonarchyinEnglandreacheditssummitduringthereignofQueenElisabeth.

4.TogetherwiththedevelopmentofbourgeoisrelationshipsandformationoftheEnglishnationalstatethisperiodismarkedbyaflourishingofnationalcultureknownastheRenaissance.

5.Renaissancemarkedthetransitionfromthemedievaltothemodernworld

5.UtopiawaswrittenbyTomasMore,whowasanoutstandinghumanistof16thcentury.IntheUtopia,hegaveaprofoundandtruthfulpictureofthepeople’ssufferingsandputforwardhisidealofafuturehappysociety.

Nowadays,thiswordhasbecomesynonymwithutopiansocialism.

6.AttheendofthecenturythegreatEnglishscientistandphilosopherFrancisBacon,wrotehisfamousphilosophicalandliteraryworks.

7.Lyricalpoemreferstothepoemsthatexpressthewriter’sdeepemotion.IntheperiodofRenaissance,ThomasWyattwastherepresentativeoflyricalpoem.AndhewasthefirstonetointroducethesonnetintoEnglishliterature.

8.GreatpopularitywaswonbyJohnLyly’snovelEupheuswhichgaverisetotheterm“euphuism”（华丽辞藻）

9.ThegreatestofthepioneersofEnglishdramawasChristopherMarlowe（马洛）

10.ItwasMarlowewhomadeblankversetheprincipalvehicleofexpressionindrama

11.Blankverseisatypeofpoetry,distinguishedbyhavingaregularmeter,butno 

rhyme.InEnglish,themetermostcommonlyusedwithblankversehasbeeniambicpentameter.Note:

Shakespeare’spoemswerewrittenintheformofblankverse.

12.TomasWyattwasthefirstonetointroducethesonnetintoEnglishliterature.

13.TheepochofRenaissancewitnessedaparticulardevelopmentofEnglishdrama.ItwasMarlowewhomadeblankversetheprincipalvehicleofexpressionindrama.

14.FrancisBaconwasthefirstEnglishessayist.

15.AbsolutemonarchyinEnglandreacheditssummitduringthereignofQueenElizabeth

16.EnglishResistancewasanageofpoetryanddrama

17.“Shallwecomparetheetoasummer’sday?

”ThisisthebeginninglineofoneofShakespeare’ssonnet.P118

18.Th