高中英语阅读表达技巧及练习题.docx
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高中英语阅读表达技巧及练习题
阅读表达题是自2007年开始山东省高考试题中增加的一种新的测试题型,要求考生在阅读所给短文,然后按照题目要求回答文后的五个问题,每个问题3分,总分15分。
该题型的测试目的是从多方位多角度考查考生通过阅读获取信息、处理信息并进行书面表达的能力。
比传统的阅读理解题型更具综合性和主观性,更能体现对考生的综合语言运用能力的考查。
阅读表达题的解题方法与技巧
1、主旨概括:
主要考查考生对文章内容的整体把握能力。
要想答好该题,考生必须有很强的概括能力或归纳能力,要善于寻找能够概括全文的主题段落或者主题句,剔除文中的细节事实或者作者所用的论据,即要分清主旨和细节,概括出来的中心意思一定要能够覆盖全文或整个段落,绝对不可太笼统离题太远或者以偏概全;文中标题格式可以是完整的句子,简洁的短语,也可以用问题的形式,同时要注意字数要求。
具体的表达可以先根据文章内容找出关键词,再在此基础上确定文章标题或者文章的mainidea。
2、同义句替换:
只有准确理解所给句子的意义,才能准确快速地找出原文中意义相同的句子。
3、填空:
回答此类问题时,一定首先注意弄清楚上下文的逻辑关系,如递进、转折、并列、对比、因果等等;然后根据上下文的含义搞清楚空白处该填句子还是短语或者单词,再读上下文,最后确定答案。
4、翻译句子:
在该类题目中要求翻译的句子往往是结果较为复杂或者包括一些特定习语的句子。
因此再翻译之前一定要先分析句子结构,并结合文章中心思想以及上下文弄清句子所在的语境,同时还要注意英、汉两种语言及其问题特征的差异,最后在忠实于原文的基础上,把画线部分的句子翻译成符合汉语表达习惯的句子。
5、封闭性问题:
封闭性问题是指答案是固定或唯一的问题,一般可在文章中找到明确的答案或依据,包括常见的wh-questions。
6、开放性问题:
开放性问题是阅读表达中主观性最强的试题,要求考生结合个人的观点、经验来回答相关问题。
7、其他类型:
该题是结合文章的不同题材和体裁给出的除以上6种类型以外的类型的题。
比如设计图表题,推理判断题等。
下面通过2007山东卷的阅读表达实例对各种类型问题的答题技巧一一说明。
AnAmericanfriendofminewhowashighupinabigcorporationhadworkedoutawayofhandlingafloodofe-mailsbeforemostofushadevenheardoftheconcept.Ifanyinformationhewassentwasvitalenough,hislackofresponsewouldensurethesenderranghimup,ifthesenderwasn’timportantenoughtohavehisprivatenumber,thecommunicationcouldn’tbethatimportant,myfriendisnowevenmoreseniorinthesamecompanysothestrategymustwork.
Almosteveryweeknowthereseemstobeareportsuggestingthatweareallbeingdrivencrazybythebotherofe-mail.Ifthisisthecase,it’sonlybecausewehaven’tdevelopedanappropriatediscriminationindealingwithit.
_________.Firstly,youjunknothingwithanexclamationmarkorastringofcapitalletters,orfromanyaddressyoudon’trecognizeorfeelconfidentabout.
Secondly,e-mailsdon’tallhavetobeanswered.Becausee-mailingissoeasy,there’satendencyfor
correspondencetocarryonforever,butitispermissibletostopanendlessdiscussionortoacceptapointofinformationsentbyacolleaguewithoutacknowledgingit.
Thirdly,areplye-maildoesn’thavetobethesamelengthastheoriginal.Weallhavee-mailpalswhosendlong, chattye-mail,whicharenicetoreceive,butwhothenexpectanequallylongreply.Thecharmofe-mailcanconsistinthesimple,incompletesentence,totallyregardlessoftheformatofthelettersentbypost.Youareperfectlywithintheboundsofpolitenessinrespondingtoamarathone-mailwithabetterreply.
76.Whichsentenceinthepassageistheclosestinmeaningtothefollowingone?
Thepossibleexistenceofannoyanceresultsfromourinabilitytosortoute-mails
___________________________________________________________________
77.FillintheblankinParagraph3withapropersentence.(within10words)
___________________________________________________________________
78.Whatadviceisgiveninthelastparagraph?
(within10words)
____________________________________________________________________
79.ForwhatpurposedoestheauthormentionhisAmericanfriendinParagraph1?
(within10words)
____________________________________________________________________
80.TranslatetheunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphintoChinese.
____________________________________________________________________
答案与解析:
76.答案:
Ifthisisthecase,it’sonlybecausewehaven’tdevelopedanappropriatediscriminationindealingwithit.
解析:
该题为同意句替换题,细读所给句子,不难得出其意义“这些令人恼火的情况之所以存在,是因为我们没有对电子邮件进行分类的能力”。
然后对照原文,就很容易找到其同意句了。
77.答案:
E-mail(s)canbehandledinthefollowingways./Herearethewaystodealwithe-mail(s)./handlinge-mail(s)isanart.
解析:
该题为填空题。
做该类题目首先要根据上下文搞清楚所填内容是句子还是短语或单词。
从该题要求来看我们可以知道此处要填入合适的句子。
联系上下文可知,下文所列三条都是处理电子邮件的方法,那就不难知道,此处所填句子内容应该是一个概括性较强的topicsentence,这样我们就不难知道该填什么内容了。
78.答案:
Youmayreplytoalonge-mailbriefly./Youdon’thavetowritealongreplye-mail.
解析:
该题为封闭性问题,要求答出最后一段所给的建议。
做这种类型的题目时,首先要读懂该段要告诉读者的是什么信息,然后根据要求进行总结,因为有字数限制,所以答题时要特别注意如何用词和如何组织语言。
从最后一段的第一句我们就可以知道这条建议是告诉读者“在回复e-mail时,不必和对方来信的长度一样”。
其实这句话就是该问题的答案,但是由于有字数限定,我们就必须改变一下说法,使答案的字数控制在10个单词以内,这样就可以避免学生照抄原文,从而达到考察学生灵活运用语言能力的目的。
79.答案:
Toshowawayofhandlinge-mail(s)withanexample./Tointroducethetopicofthetext.
解析:
该题属于其他类型的题目,要求考生写出作者在第一段中提到他美国朋友的写作意图。
纵观全文不难知道,该短文的主旨是向读者介绍处理电子邮件的方法。
而作者在第一段引用他美国朋友处理邮件的方法做为例子,目的正是为了揭示文章主题。
80.答案:
用简短的话回复冗长的邮件完全不失礼节。
/用简短的话回复马拉松式的电子邮件也是礼貌的。
解析:
该题为句子翻译题。
做该题时应先分析句子成分,搞清每个意群的含义,然后结合上下文以及文章的中心思想,调整成符合汉语表达习惯的通顺的汉语句子。
翻译该句,关键是搞清处两个短语的含义,一个是withintheboundof(在…范围内),另一个是inrespondingto(作答,回复)。
本人教学中搜集并整理了300多篇山东高考题型的阅读表达题,现挑选出10篇供大家欣赏
01
Ifyouareworriedaboutthingsandareunderalotofstressatworkorschool,thenyouareprobablynotsleepingwell.Worrycankeepyouawake,tossingandturninginbeduntiltheearlyhoursofthemorningwhenyoueventuallyfallasleep.Whenyouwakeup,youdon’tfeelrefreshed,buttiredandwornoutandunabletofaceanewday.
Dr.HenryWinkle,inarecentnewspaperarticleentitledStressandSleep,indicatesthat.Dr.Winklesays,“Themoreweworry,thelesswesleep,themoreweareunabletodealwithstress.Ifwecanfindawaytogetagoodnight’ssleep,”headds,“wecanoftenfindtheenergytodealwithwhat’sworryingus.”
So,whatisagoodnight’ssleep?
Researchshowsthattheamountofsleepwhichpeopleneedinordertokeephealthyvariesalot.Sevenhoursinabouttheaverageamount,thoughstrangelyenough,sleepinglongeroftengivesyouaheadacheinsteadofmakingyoufeelmorerefreshed.
Dr.Winklebelievesthatpreparingforsleepingisimportant.Peoplewhoworklateshouldtrytogivethemselvesashortbreakanddosomethingrestfulbeforegoingtobed.ThiscouldbewatchingTVorlisteningtomusic.Doingsomeexerciseearlierinthedayshouldhelpyoutofeelphysicallyaswellasmentallytired.Abedtimedrinkcanalsohelp,butcoffeeorteashouldbeavoidedastheycontaincaffeineandwillkeepyouawake.“Whenyouputthelightout,”Dr.Winklesays,“concentrateonrelaxingyourmuscles,workingslowlyupfromyourfeet,andyou’llbeasleepbeforeyouknowit.”
1.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?
(Pleaseanswerwithin10words)
2.Whichsentenceinthepassagecanbereplacedbythefollowingone?
Peopleshouldn’tgotosleepimmediatelybutshouldtakeabreakafterworkinglateinthenight.
3.Pleasefillintheblankinthesecondparagraphwithproperwordsorphrasestocompletethesentence.(Pleaseanswerwithin10words)
4.Someonesaysthatthelongeryousleep,thebetteryoufeel.Trytofindsomeargumentsfromthepassageagainsttheidea.(Pleaseanswerwithin30words)
5.TranslatetheunderlinedsentenceinthefirstparagraphintoChinese.
1.SleepandYourLife/StressandSleep/SleepisImportant
2.Peoplewhoworklateshouldtrytogivethemselvesashortbreakanddosomethingrestfulbeforegoingtobed.
3.stress/worryand(lackof)sleeparedirectlyrelated.
4.Sevenhoursisabouttheaverageamount,thoughstrangelyenough,sleepinglongeroftengivesyouaheadacheinsteadofmakingyoufeelmorerefreshed.
5.当你醒来时,你不但没有感到精力充沛(旺盛),反而疲惫不堪,难以面对新的一天。
02
Youmightbereadingthisarticleandsaying,“Hey,thatsoundsjustlikeme!
”Ifso,we’regladyourecognizethatthishappenstoyou.Nowyoucanstarttakingstepstolessenyourtestanxiety.Herearesomewaystodothat:
Askforhelp.Talktoyourmomordad,yourteacher,oryourschoolguidancecounselor.Justtalkingtosomeoneabouttestanxietycanmakeyoufeelbetter.Describewhathappenstoyouwhenyou’retakingatestandthesepeoplecanhelpyoufigureoutsomesolutions.Forinstance,learningstudyskillscanboostyourtest–dayconfidence.
Beprepared.Payattentioninclass.Doyourhomework.Studyforthetest.Ontestday,you’remorelikelytofeellikeyouknowthematerial.
Blockbadthoughts.Watchoutforanynegativemessagesyoumightbesendingyourselfaboutthetest(“I’mnogoodattakingtests”or“I’mgoingtofreakourifIgetabadgrade”).Thesethoughtscanmakeanxietyworseandmakeitharderforyoutodowellonthetest.
.Everyonemakesmistakes.Bemoreforgivingofyourownmistakes,especiallyifyoupreparedforthetestandaresettodoyourbest.
Breathebetter.OK,soyoualreadyknowhowtobreathe.Butdidyouknowthatbreathingexercisescanhelpcalmyoudown?
(Justtrynottotakeintoomuchairbecauseitmightmakeyoufeeldizzy.)Here’showtodoit:
Inhale(breathein)slowlyanddeeplythroughyournose,andthenexhale(breatheout)slowlythroughyourmouth.Dothistwotofourtimesandyoujustmightbreatheeasierthenexttimeyou’retakingatest!
1.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?
(Pleaseanswerwithin10words)
2.Whichsentenceinthepassagecanbereplacedbythefollowingone?
Havingtoomanynegativemessagesinmindleadstoworsetestanxiety,whichmaystopyoudoingwellonthetest.
3.Pleasefillintheblankinthelastbutoneparagraphwithproperwordsorphrasestocompletethesentence.(Pleaseanswerwithin10words)
4.Whichofthetipsdoyouthinkisthemostuseful?
(Pleaseanswerwithin30words)
5.Translatetheunderlinedsentenceinthe6thparagraphintoChinese.
1.HowtoLessen/ReduceTestAnxietyOR:
Steps/WaystoLessen/ReduceTestAnxiety
OR:
TipsonLessening/ReducingTestAnxiety
2.Thesethoughtscanmakeanxietyworseandmakeitharderforyoutodowellonthetest.
3.AcceptmistakesOR:
Betolerant/forgivingofyourmistakes
4.(Openquestion)Onepossibleanswer:
Ithinkthefirst.WhenItalktomyparentsorteachersabouttestanxiety,theyoftenoffersomesolutions,whichmakesmefeelmuchbetter.
5.下次考试时这样做两到四次,你就会感到呼吸顺畅多了。
03
Thesedaysagreenbuildingmeansmorethanjustthecolorofthepaint.Greenbuildingcanalso