Creative WritingPoems2Word格式文档下载.docx
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WhenLilacsLastintheDooryardBloomed"
Gray'
ElegyWritteninaCountryChurchyard"
EPIC(史诗)-averylong,seriouspoemaboutaheroandhisheroicaccomplishments-usuallysetinthepast
Homer'
Iliad"
Milton'
ParadiseLost"
FREEVERSE(自由诗)-hasnofixedmeter(beat)
-usuallyunrhymed
SongofMyself"
"
Icelebratemyself,and
singmyself,
AndwhatIassumeyou
shallassume,
Foreveryatombelonging
tomeasgood
belongstoyou."
HAIKU(俳句)-Japaneseverseformwithasyllablepattern
-firstandthirdlineshave5syllableseach
-secondlinehas7syllables(3linesintotal)
-manydescribeimagesfromnature
Hereisone"
Winter'
sbriskwindscut(5syllables)
Throughthebonesofnakedtrees.(7syllables)
Dotheirteethchatter?
(5syllables)
Nowwe'
llliketodoistopausetheprogramandwriteaHaiku.Howaboutwriteoneaboutbutterflythatlookslikeaflower?
Thebutterflyendsuponthebranch,thencomeback.
HereisonebyaveryfamousJapanesepoet.
Thefallingflower
Isawdriftbacktothebranch
Wasabutterfly."
——ArakidaMoritake
LYRIC(抒情诗)-averybrief,musicalpoemthatexpressesthespeaker'
sfeelings
Frost'
StoppingbyWoodsonaSnowyEvening"
Burns'
AuldLangSyne"
NARRATIVE-tellsastoryinpoeticform
-hasaplot,characters,andthemes
Chaucer'
CanterburyTales"
Dante'
DivineComedy"
Nowwehavedonesomepoeticformsyoucanwrite.Let'
scometoseesomeelementsyoucanuseinyourpoems.Oneofthemostimportant,especiallythetranditionalpoemsisthe"
RHYME"
POETICDEVICES
RHYME:
therepeateduseofidenticalornearlyidenticalsounds
Notlettersbutsounds.poetusesrhymetocreatemusicsound,meaning,structure,andunit.There'
stwokindsofrhyme.TheyareEndRhymeandInternalRhyme.
TWOKINDSOFRHYME:
EndRhyme(尾韵):
theendsoflineshavethesamesound
InternalRhyme(行内韵):
wordswithinalinehavethesamesound
You'
reproberblyfoumiliarwithendrhyme.
SONNET(十四行诗):
a14-linelyricpoem,writteniniambicpentameter
Nowitpouringalltogetherwehavegotform.Wehavegotstructure.Wehavegotmeter,andyouhavediscoveredwehavearhyme.TherearetwomainkindsofSonnet.
TWOFORMS-
Italian(Petrarchan)
Thefirst8lines(octave)rhymeabbaabbaandgivethesubject/conflict.
Thefinal6lines(sestet)rhymecdecdeandresolvetheproblem.
English(Shakespearean)
Therhymeschemeisababcdcdefefgg.
Thefinalcouplet(last2lines:
gg)normallypresentsa"
twist"
orresolvesit.
SonowweliketodoistoidentifytherhymeschemeinShakespeareSonnet130,thencomeback.
Nowratherthanreadtheentirepoem,I'
mgoingtoreadyouthewordsoftherhymes.
TheSonnet130
Mymistress'
eyesarenothinglikethesun,
Coralisfarmorered,thanherlipsred,
Ifsnowbewhite,whythenherbreastsaredun:
Ifhairsbewires,blackwiresgrowonherhead:
Ihaveseenrosesdamasked,redandwhite,
ButnosuchrosesseeIinhercheeks,
Andinsomeperfumesistheremoredelight,
Thaninthebreaththatfrommymistressreeks.
Ilovetohearherspeak,yetwellIknow,
Thatmusichathafarmorepleasingsound:
IgrantIneversawagoddessgo,
Mymistresswhenshewalkstreadsontheground.
AndyetbyheavenIthinkmyloveasrare,
Asanyshebeliedwithfalsecompare.
莎士比亚十四行诗集之一百三十(梁宗岱译)
我情妇的眼睛一点不像太阳;
珊瑚比她的嘴唇还要红得多:
雪若算白,她的胸就暗褐无光,
发若是铁丝,她头上铁丝婆娑。
我见过红白的玫瑰,轻纱一般;
她颊上却找不到这样的玫瑰;
有许多芳香非常逗引人喜欢,
我情妇的呼吸并没有这香味。
我爱听她谈话,可是我很清楚
音乐的悦耳远胜于她的嗓子;
我承认从没有见过女神走路,
我情妇走路时候却脚踏实地:
可是,我敢指天发誓,我的爱侣
胜似任何被捧作天仙的美女。
我情人的眼睛一点儿也不像太阳(译者未知)
我情人的眼睛一点儿也不像太阳;
珊瑚比她的嘴唇,要红几倍;
如果雪算白,她的胸膛就是暗褐色的;
如果秀发如丝,黑丝就逐渐习惯在她头上。
我见过玫瑰如缎,有红,有白,
但她的双颊,那能赛得过玫瑰?
有时,我的情人会发出气息来,
也不比其它香料更教人沉醉。
我爱听她说话,而且我很清楚
乐器会奏出更加悦耳的和声;
我注视着我的情人在大地上举步,
我承认并没见到绝世美女走过来;
可是天哪,我认为我的情人比那批
被乱比较一通的美人更加美丽。
**********
TRANSLATION
eyesarenothinglikethesun;
coralisfarmorethanherlipsare.Ifsnowiswhite,allIcansayisthatherbreastsareabrownishgreycolour.Ifhairscanbecomparedwithwiresthenblackhairsgrowonherhead.Iknowwhatpink,redandwhiteroseslooklikebutIdon'
tseeanyrosesinhercheeks.Andthere'
smorepleasureinsomeperfumesthanthereisinmymistress'
reekingbreath!
IlovehervoicealthoughIknowthatmusicismorepleasingtotheear.IadmitI'
veneverseenagoddesswalking;
whenmymistresswalksshetreadsfirmlyontheground.Andyet,byheaven,Ithinkthatmyloveisasuniqueasanywomanwhoisthesubjectofaromanticpoem.
YouknowwithShakespeareSonnets,youknowwiththeEnglishsoundandfaceexactlytherhymeschemeababcdcdefefgg.
Sonowwe'
regoingtoliketodoistopausetheprogramandreadaShakespeareSonnetonlove,thencomeback.
ThisisoneofShakespearefamouslovesongs.
YouknowthisShakespeare'
sSonnet,you'
llknowwithEnglishsound.Anditfitsexactlythatrhymescheme——ababcdcdefefgg.
SonowwhatwearegoingliketodoistopausetheprogramandwriteaShakespeare'
sSonnetonlove.Thencomeback.
NowIdon'
texpectthatyoucanwritearealShakespeare'
sSonnet,butIprovideaonesothatyoucanseeamodel.ThisisoneofShakespeare'
sfamouslovesongs.
Sonnet018(艾梅译本)
ShallIcomparetheetosummer'
sday?
我怎能把你比做夏天,
Thouartmorelovelyandmoretemperate:
你比它更可爱、更温婉:
RoughwindsdoshakethedarlingbudsofMay,狂风把五月娇嫩的花蕊摧残,
Andsummer'
sleasehathalltooshortadate:
夏季时光匆匆,总是如此短暂:
Sometimetoohottheeyeofheavenshines,有时炽热异常,像上天灼热的眼,
Andoftenishisgoldcomplexiondimm'
d,它那金色的面容常飘忽闪现。
Andeveryfairfromfairsometingdeclines,再美好的事物也终将凋残,
Bychanceormature'
schangingcourseuntrimm'
d:
随时间和自然的变化而流转。
Butthyeternalsummershallnotfade但是你的夏日会永远鲜艳,
Norlosepossessionofthatfairthouowest;
你将永远拥有这俊美的容颜。
NorshallDeathbragthouwander'
stinhisshade,死神也无法夸口让你在它的阴影里逗留,
Whenineternallinestotimethougrowest:
当你在这不朽的诗句中永远地生息留守:
Solongasmencanberatheoreyescansee,只要人类还在呼吸,只要眼睛还在阅读,
Solonglivesthisandthisgiveslifetothee.我这首诗就会存在,你的生命就会存在。
Sonnet018(梁宗岱教授译本)
我怎么能够把你来比作夏天?
你不独比它可爱也比它温婉:
RoughwindsdoshakethedarlingbudsofMay,狂风把五月宠爱的嫩蕊作践,
夏天出赁的期限又未免太短:
Sometimetoohottheeyeofheavenshines,天上的眼睛有时照得太酷烈,
d,它那炳耀的金颜又常遭掩蔽:
Andeveryfairfromfairsometingdeclines,被机缘或无常的天道所摧折,
没有芳艳不终于雕残或销毁。
Butthyeternalsummershallnotfade但是你的长夏永远不会雕落,
也不会损失你这皎洁的红芳,
stinhisshade,或死神夸口你在他影里漂泊,
当你在不朽的诗里与时同长。
Solongasmencanberatheoreyescansee,只要一天有人类,或人有眼睛,
Solonglivesthisandthisgiveslifetothee.这诗将长存,并且赐给你生命。
[注释]
[0]Shakespeare:
莎士比亚(1564-1616),英国剧作家,诗人,作有37部戏剧,154首十四行诗和2首长诗)
理解和翻译这首诗[第18首]的关键是理解原文的第一行以及几个关键词、语、句,如theeyeofheaven/nor/thouwander’stinhisshade/solonglivesthis/等等。
该诗的主旨是诗人是通过写“我”把自己心上人比作“夏”来表达“我”对她的爱慕之情。
在“我”的心目中只有“夏”是不凋谢的爱的象征,相比之下太阳等大自然乃至美人等都有不足之处,而只有夏永葆其美妙的青春。
[1]dimmm’d=dimmed[dim:
adj暗淡的,悲观的。
vt.使暗淡,使失去光泽]
[2]untimm’d=untrimmed不规整的;
变化多端的。
[该词源于trim:
adj.整齐的,整洁的vt.整理,修整,装饰]
[3]darlingadj.心爱的,宠爱的;
漂亮的,吸引人的。
darling=charmingoramusing:
迷人的,有魅力的。
[4]lease=anopportunitytoimproveone'
scircumstancesoroutlook改进某人状况或前景的机会。
[5]sometimeadv在某时;
有朝一日,曾经,昔日。
[6]fairadj.美丽的,女性的,(肤色)白皙的。
fairn.美好的事物,美人,展览会。
[7]bychance=possibly;
perchance:
可能地或可能性;
偶然。
[8]wander’st=wander
[9]shake摇晃,震动,抖动;
颤动,战栗。
[10]shall=【古语】tobeableto能够;
tohaveto;
must不得不;
必须。
[11]temperateadj.适度的,(气候)温和的。
[12]theeyeofheaven=thesunorstars[诗]太阳/星星。
[13]shade=aghost幽灵;
鬼怪。
[14]“Solonglives”中的this代表的是诗人所描写的上述的事实或生活的现实存在本身。
Now,Shakespeare'
slanguageisobiouslydifferentfromourlanguage.Wedon'
tusewordsforyoulike"
thou"
Here'
ssomemostusefultounlockyourcreativity.
RHYME
ALLITERRATION:
therepetitionofinitialconsonantsoundinseveralwordsinalineortwoofpoetry.
initialmeansfirst.Consonant,alltheletersthatarenotwoel,andocurswithinalinesometimeswithintwolines.Forexample:
Peterpiperpickedapeckofpickledpeppers.
createsmusicalsounds
linksrelatedideas
stressescertainwords
minicsspecialsounds
sanotherexample,notatong
Abouttheliltinghouseandhappyasthegrasswasgreen.houseandhappy,grasswasgreen.
Inyourstudyguide,youfindanexercisesaboutALLITERRATION:
yourjobistofilltheblankwiththecorrectwordsWhenyoudone,comeback.
stheanswerstotheexercise:
1.Frenchfries
2.Asgoodasgold
3.BabyBoomer
4.Prettyinpink
5.Sinkorswim
6.Sweetsixteen
7.BigBen
8.FinalFrontier
9.Thegreengrassofsummer
InadditionwehaveanALLUSION,notsayinthatwayallusionusedwithellusion
ALLUSION:
areferencetoawell-knownplace,person,event,workofart,orotherwo