自然拼读全ppt.ppt
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自然拼读课程,Phonics,Phonics自然发音法是一套用自然记忆的方式,建立字母与发音的直觉音感。
不用借助音标,看着字母就可以直接读出该词的发音,解决单词不会读,无法拼的问题。
简单说:
“自然拼读法”是教学生如何看词读音或是听音拼词的方法。
为什么要学习自然拼读法?
美国斯坦佛大学曾经以计算机分析字母与音位的对应关系,结果发现17,008个常用词中84%的字母与其读音是完全对应的13%的字母与其读音是不完全对应的3%的字母与其读音的对应关系完全无法预测,自然拼读法可以帮助学生,见词能读听词能写不容易遗忘提高阅读和写作能力,一、同形不同音的字母及音标,b,/b/,bookbigbagbox,/d/,d,deskdolldogdad,f,/f/,finefriendflyfootfan,h,/h/,hathehousehand,j,/d/,jeepjamjacketjar,k,/k/,kitecakeblackthank,l,/l/,legleftrulerflaglamp,/l/,applebowltellold,m,/m/,ammapmymouth,n,/n/,noknownewhand,p,/p/,mapjeeppigpea,qu,/kw/,quitequiltquick,同形不同音的字母及音标,r,/r/,redradiobrotherracket,/t/,t,itsitnotthattablelittle,v,/v/,fivevaseveryseven,w,/w/,wewindowwatchwant,x,/ks/,boxsixfox,z,/z/,zipzoo,同形不同音的字母及音标,Vowel,二、开音节与闭音节,1)音节按读音可以分为开音节和闭音节,开音节又可以分为绝对开音节和相对开音节,A.绝对开音节:
是指一个元音音素后面没有辅音音素而构成的音节,例如:
we,hi,yo-yo,hi,no,be等,B.相对开音节:
是指一个元音音素后面有一个辅音音素(除r)之外,最后是一个不发音的e字母构成的音节,,例如:
take,make,闭音节:
指元音字母后面有辅音字母(辅音字母r除外)构成的音节,闭音节,元音字母a,e,i(y),o,u在重读闭音节中分别读/e/i/,如hand,help,lip,gym,hot,club.,II.MagicE,AATATEBEBEDBEDEHIHIDHIDENONOTNOTEUUSUSE,a-e,MagicE(神奇的E),caketakelakemakefacenamepage,e-e,thesethemeeveevening,o-e,nosecokeroseropehopepose,i-e,timefiveninewhitewritelikelimeride,u-e,cutecubehugetubeuse,ai,ay读/ei/,如wait,aid;day,may.,ei,ey读/ei/,如veil,weight;grey,they,convey,oa,oe读/u/,如load,coat,toe,三、元音间的字母组合发音,ue,ui读/u:
/,如glue,suit,blue,fruit,ea,ee读/i:
/,如eat,cheap;deep,need,ie,(c)ei读/i:
/,如field,believe;receive,ceiling,oa读/u/,如road,soap,boat,ue读/ju:
/,如Tuesday,value,pursue,元音间的字母组合发音,四、r音节指以字母r或r+辅音字母结尾的音节,在r音节中:
ar读/:
/,or读/:
/er,ir,yr,ur都读/:
/,注:
在/w/音后,ar读/:
/,如war,warm,warn;or读/:
/,如word,work,world,worse.,元音字母与r&re音节的示例,ara:
armchaircardarmcarcartparkgardenfarm,er,sisterbrothermarkerroosterundermotherwinter,ir:
dirtybirdbirthdaycircusgirldirtcircle,or:
orderforkpork,ur:
hurtturkeyturtlesurfingnursepursefur,doctoractorfavor,re音节指元音字母与re结合而成的音节。
在re音节中:
are读/e/,ere读/i/,ire,yre读/ai/,ore读/:
/,ure读/ju/,元音字母与r&re音节的示例,aree,harescaresquarestare,erei,heremeresevere,ireai,firewiretireentire,ore:
moreforecorebeforestore,ureju,curepureendure,wheretheree,五、元音字母O的组合,oou,cookbooklookgoodfootboot,owau,nowhowcow,ouau,mouthshoutmouseloudhouseproud,oi/oyi,oiltoynoiseboy,u:
schoolnoodlesfoodzoo,u,windowbowlowpillowblowslow,四、辅音字母的读音规则,1.c在字母e,i,y前读/s/,如cell,city,cyber,其余情况下读/k/,如cat,club,code,2.g在字母e,i,y前读/,如gene,gin,gym,其余情况下读/g/,如beg,golf,game,3.s多数情况下读/s/,如six,desk,yes,有时读/z/,如is,his,visit,辅音字母的读音规则,4.x处于两元音字母之间,且其后元音重读时,读/gz/,如exist,exam,其余情况下读/ks/,如six,next,excuse,5.q读/k/,常和u在一起读/kw/,如quick,question,五、元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音,1.a在w音后面读/wantwhatwatchwashquality,2.a在fnskphspssstth前:
如afterplantgraphaskgraspglassfastfather,3.i在-nd-ld和gh前读aifindchildlighthigh,4.o在-st-ld前umostpostcardoldcold,在mnvth前comemonkeylovemother,5.元音字母u在辅音字母jlrs后面时读u:
音例如:
Junebluerulersuper,六、辅音字母组合的读音规则,1.ch,tch读/,如China,much;catch,match,2.ph,gh读/f/,如photo,phone,3.sh读/,如shape,she,short,fish,4.th多数情况下读/,如three,third,但有时读/,如that,than,with.(读/时可下画一线).,5.dg,dj读/,如judge,lodging;adjust,adjective.,6.wh在字母o前读/h/,如who,whom,whose(其中的字母o读/u:
/),其余情况下读/w/,如which,when,why,7.n在和字母g构成字母组合时,以及处于读/g/或/k/的字母前(如c,g,k等)读/,如long,thing,length;angry,finger;drink,think,thank,long.,8.gu在元音前读/g/,如guess,guide,guest;,在字母n后读/gw/,如languagedistinguish,linguist,辅音字母组合的读音规则,七、元音字母在非重读音节中的读音规则,1.a,o,u读/,如China,second,difficult,2.e,i,y读/i/,如result,victim,happy,八、元音字母组合的读音规则,1.au,aw读/:
/,如cause,aural,launch,sauce,law,dawn,2.eu,ew(iew)读/ju:
/,如neutral,deuce;new,view,review,3.air,aer读/e/,如air,fair;aerial,aeroplane,4.ear,eer读/i/如ear,clear;beer,deer,5.our读/au/如our,sour,hour,6.igh读/ai/,如high,light,might,night,7.augh,ough读/:
/,如daughter,caught,taught;ought,fought,thought,8.oul在could,should,would中读/u/,元音字母组合的读音规则,九、几个非重读后缀或字母组合的读音规则,1.a在后缀-ace,-ade,-age,-ate中读/i/,如palace,comrade,village,accurate,2.e在后缀-el,-en,-ent,-ence,-ency中读/,如cruel,open,student,silence,fluency,3.i在后缀-ible中读/,如possible,4.ai,ay,ei,ey在非重读音节中一般弱读为/i/,如mountain,Friday,forfeit,valley,十、其他字母组合的读音规则,1.-ful读/ful/,如helpful,harmful,useful,2.-gue读/g/,如dialogue,catalogue,3.-que读/k/,如cheque,picturesque,4.-ous读/s/,如famous,generous,nervous,5.-our读/,如favour,honour,labour,6.-ure读/,如figure,injure.但在failure中读/j/,7.-ow读/u/,如window,yellow,pillow,8.-ture读/,如picture,culture,furniture,9.-ion读/n/,如fashion,cushion,10.-stion读/sn/,如question,sugestion,digestion,11.-i在字母d,t,n,l后,且在元音字母前,读/j/。
如audience,frontier,opinion,familar,其他字母组合的读音规则,十一、其他读音规则,oo,1.读/u/,A.在字母k前(book,look,took),B.在good,foot,stood,wood,wool中,C.在派生词goodness,football,woolen中,2.读/u:
/在其余情况下读/u:
/,如:
cool,food,loose,room,zoo,3.读/在flood,blood及其派生词(flooding,bloodless等)中读/,1.-sure,在元音字母后读/,如closure,exposure,在辅音字母后读/,如pressure,flexure(x=ks),2.-sion,在元音字母后读/n/,如vsion,occasion,divsion,在辅音字母后读/n/,如discussion,impression,expansion,3.-ce,-ci,-si,-ti,-xi在字母a,e,o前读/,如:
ocean;social;Asia;partial;Egyptian;suffcient;patient;prcious;Russian;anxious,其他读音规则,十二、其他组合,kn:
knitknobkneeknifeknock,wr:
writewristwrinklewrapwreath,mb:
bombthumblambnumbcombcrumb,sp:
spellspiderspinachspaceshipspoon,st:
storestarstormstampstockingsstickstudentstand,sc:
scalescarfscarecrowscooterscorpionscoopscanner,sk:
skirtskunkskisskates,VII.ConsonantBlends:
BeginningS-family(st,sk,sp,)R-family(gr,br,dr,cr,pr,tr,wr)L-family(fl,bl,cl,kl,pl,sl)EndingN-family(nt,nd,nk)Others(mp,st)Threeletters(scr,spl,str,spr),VII.ConsonantBlends:
st:
studentstonestopsp:
speakspacespoonsc:
scaryscarfscarsk:
skyskirtskate,S-family(st,sk,sp,),VII.ConsonantBlends:
bl:
blockblondhairblousepl:
plumplateplanegl:
glueglassesglovecl:
clayclassclonefl:
flydragonflybutterfly,L-family(fl,bl,cl,kl,pl,sl),VII.ConsonantBlends:
br:
brownbroombrickpr:
prayprinceprincessgr:
grapegreygrincr:
crycrazycrown,R-family(gr,br,dr,cr,pr,tr,wr),VII.ConsonantBlends:
fr:
Fridayfriendfruittr:
treetracktripdr:
driverdreamdraw,VII.ConsonantBlends:
sl:
slidslideslowsn:
snakesnapsnailsm:
smokesmoothsmilesw:
swansweaterswitch,VIII.ConsonantDigraphs:
ch:
cherrywatchbeachck:
duckclockblockssh:
sheetshipsheep,VIII.ConsonantDigraphs:
gh:
laughcoughtoughph:
trophyphotoelephantth:
thinkthreethank,VIII.ConsonantDigraphs:
th:
leatherweathertogetherwh:
whalewhitewheelwr:
wrinklewritewreath,VIIII.Others:
ing:
kingringswingew:
newdewnephewall:
wallballtallal:
saltwalktalk,Tonguetwisters(绕口令)关于字母组合ee的发音。
Whatcanyousee?
Icanseeabee.Whereisthebee?
Itsinthetree.Whatcolouristhetree?
Itisgreen.Icanseeabeeinthegreentree.,Revision,Tonguetwisters(绕口令),关于字母组合ow的发音。
Snowsnow/Fallslow/Onthewindow/Thatisyellow.,Thankyouverymuch!