职称英语等级考试模拟题及答案.docx

职称英语等级考试模拟题及答案.docx

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职称英语等级考试模拟题及答案

2013年职称英语等级考试模拟题（理工类B级）

第1部分：

词汇选项（第1～15题，每题1分，共15分）

　　下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1.Thenurseryisbrightandcheerful.

　A.pleasantB.clean　　C.peacefulD.large

2.ThiskindofmaterialwasseldomusedinbuildinghousesduringtheMiddleAges.

　A.neverB.rarely　　C.oftenD.only

3.Peoplefrommanyplacesweredrawntothecitybyitsgrowingeconomy.

　A.fetchedB.carried　　C.attractedD.pushed

4.Thesoldierdisplayedremarkablecourageinthebattle.

　A.placedB.showed　　C.pointedD.decided

5.HowdoyouaccountforyourabsencefromtheclasslastThursday?

　A.explainB.examine　　C.chooseD.expand

6.Aboutonequarteroftheworkersinthecountryareemployedinfactories.

　A.thirdB.fourth　　C.tenthD.fifteenth

7.Shewasgratefultohimforbeingsogoodtoher.

　A.carefulB.hateful　　C.beautifulD.thankful

8.Thereareonlyfiveminutesleft,buttheoutcomeofthematchisstillindoubt.

　A.resultB.judgement　　C.estimationD.event

9.HeiscertainthatthedictionaryisjustwhatIwant.

　A.sureB.angry　　C.doubtfulD.worried

10.Thelastfewweekshavebeenenjoyable.

　A.closeB.near　　C.pastD.several

11.Whatweretheconsequencesofthedecisionshehadmade?

　A.reasonsB.results　　C.causesD.bases

12.Theydidn'trealizehowserioustheproblemwas.

　A.knowB.forget　　C.doubtD.remember

13.Weshallkeepthemoneyinasecureplace.

　A.cleanB.secret　C.distantD.safe

14.Thegreatchangesofthecityastonishedeveryvisitortothatcity

　A.attackedB.surprised　　C.attractedD.interested

15.Thecityhasdecidedtodoawaywithalltheoldbuildingsinitscenter.

A.getridofB.setup　　C.repair　D.paint

第2部分：

阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分）

下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：

如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

DangersAwaitBabieswithAltitude

Womenwholiveintheworld’shighestcommunitiestendtogivebirthtounderweightbabies,anewstudysuggests.Thesebabiesmaygrowintoadultswithahighriskofheartdiseaseandstrokes.

Researchhashintedthatnewbornsinmountaincommunitiesarelighterthanaverage.Butitwasn’tclearwhetherthisisduetoreducedoxygenlevelsathighaltitudesorbecausetheirmothersareunder-nourished—manypeoplewholiveathighaltitudesarerelativelypoorcomparedwiththoselivinglowerdown.

Tofindoutmore,DinoGiussaniandhisteamatCambridgeUniversitystudiedtherecordsof400birthsinBoliviaduring1997and1998.Thebabieswereborninbothrichandpoorareasoftwocities:

LaPazandSantaCruz.LaPazisthehighestcityintheworld,at3.65kilometersabovesealevel,whileSantaCruzismuchlower,at0.44kilometers.

Sureenough,GiussanifoundthattheaveragebirthweightofbabiesinLaPazwassignificantlylowerthaninSantaCruz.Thiswastrueinbothhighandlow-incomefamilies.EvenbabiesborntopoorfamiliesinSantaCruzwereheavieronaveragethanbabiesborntowealthyfamiliesinloftyLaPaz.“Wewereverysurprisedbythisresult,”saysGiussani.

Theresultssuggestthatbabiesbornathighaltitudesaredeprivedof2oxygenbeforebirth.“Thismaytriggerthereleaseorsuppressionofhormonesthatregulategrowthoftheunbornchild,”saysGiussani.

Histeamalsofoundthathigh-altitudebabiestendedtohaverelativelylargerheadscomparedwiththeirbodies.Thisisprobablybecauseafetusstarvedofoxygenwillsendoxygenatedbloodtothebraininpreferencetotherestofthebody.

Giussaniwantstofindoutifsuchbabieshaveahigherriskofdiseaseinlaterlife.PeopleborninLaPazmightbepronetohearttroubleinadulthood,forexample.Lowbirthweightisariskfactorforcoronaryheartdisease.Andnewbornswithahighratioofheadsizetobodyweightareoftenpredisposedtohighbloodpressureandstrokesinlaterlife.

16.Accordingtothepassage，oneofthereasonswhynewbornsinmountaincommunitiesareunderweightisthattheirmothersareunder-nourished.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

17.Giussani’steammembersareallBritishresearchersandprofessorsfromCambridgeUniversity.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

18.Giussanididnotexpecttofindthattheweightofababyhadlittletodowiththefinancialconditionsofthefamilyhewasborninto.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

19.Theweightofanewbornhastodowiththesupplyofoxygenevenwhenhewasstillinhismother’swomb.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

20.High-altitudebabieshaveheadsthatarelargerthantheirbodies.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

21.High-altitudebabieshavelongerbutthinnerlimbsthanaverage.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

22.Giussanihasarrivedattheconclusionthatbabiesinhigh-altituderegionsaremorelikelytohavehearttroublewhentheygrowup.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

第3部分：

概括大意与完成句子（第23～30题，每题1分，共8分）

下面的短文后有2项测试任务：

（1）第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个最佳标题；

（2）第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。

LEDLighting

AnaccidentaldiscoveryannouncedrecentlyhastakenLEDlightingtoanewlevel,suggestingitcouldsoonofferacheaper,longer-lastingalternativetothetraditionallightbulb.ThebreakthroughaddstoagrowingtrendthatislikelytoeventuallymakeThomasEdison’sbrightinvention1obsolete.LEDsarealreadyusedintrafficlights,flashlights,andarchitecturallighting.Theyareflexibleandoperatelessexpensivelythantraditionallighting.

MichaelBowers,agraduatestudentatVanderbiltUniversity,wasjusttryingtomakereallysmallquantumdots,whicharecrystalsgenerallyonlyafewnanometersbig.Quantumdotscontainanywherefrom100to1,000electrons.They’reeasilyexcitedbundlesofenergy,andthesmallertheyare,themoreexcitedtheyget.EachdotinBower’sparticularbatchwasexceptionallysmall,containingonly33or34pairsofatoms.

Whenyoushinealightonquantumdotsorapplyelectricitytothem,theyreactbyproducingtheirownlight,normallyabright,vibrantcolor.ButwhenBowersshinedalaseronhisbatchofdots,somethingunexpectedhappened.Hewassurprisedwhenawhiteglowcoveredthetable.Thequantumdotsweresupposedtoemitbluelight4,butinsteadtheyweregivingoffabeautifulwhiteglow.

ThenBowersandanotherstudentgottheideatostirthedotsintopolyurethaneandcoatablueLEDlightbulbwiththemix.Thelumpybulbwasn’tpretty,butitproducedwhitelightsimilartoaregularlightbulb.

LEDsproducetwiceasmuchlightasaregular60wattbulbandburnforover50.000hours.TheDepartment

ofEnergyestimatesLEDlightingcouldreduceU.S.energyconsumptionforlightingby29percentby2025.LEDsdon’temitheat,sothey’realsomoreenergyefficient.Andthey’remuchhardertobreak.

Quantumdotmixturescouldbepaintedonjustaboutanythingandelectricallyexcitedtoproducearainbowofcolorstincludingwhite.Themainlightsourceofthefuturewillalmostsurelynotbeabulb.Itmightbeatable,awall,orevenafork.

23.Paragraph1

24.Paragraph3

25.Paragraph5

26.Paragraph6

A.LEDLightingIsNotMature

B.LEDLightingWillReplaceTraditionalLighting

C.AlmostEverythingCouldBetheMainLightSourceintheFuture

D.LEDLightingHasManyAdvantages

E.BowersMadeanUnexpectedDiscovery

F.LEDLightBulbsLookLumpy

27.Unliketraditionallighting,LEDsdonotgiveoutheatso.

28.Edison’sbrightinventionislikelytobeoutdatedbecause.

29.SomethingunexpectedhappenedduringBower’sexperimentwhen.

30.Overonequarterofenergyconsumptionforlightingcouldbesavedby2025if.

A.traditionallightingislessdurableanddearer

B.alaserexcitedthequantumdots

C.AmericaadoptedLEDs

D.graduatestudentsworkhard

E.quantumdotmixturesaremagic

F.itismoreefficient

第4部分：

阅读理解（第31～45题，每题3分，共45分）

　　下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。

请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。

第一篇

EattoLive

Ameagerdietmaygiveyouhealthandlonglife,butit’snotmuchfun—anditmightnotevenbenecessary.Wemaybeabletohangontomostofthatyouthfulvigorevenifwedon’tstarttodietuntiloldage.

StephenSpindlerandhiscolleaguesfromtheUniversityofCaliforniaatRiversidehavefoundthatsomeofanelderlymouse’slivergenescanhemadetobehaveastheydidwhenthemousewasyoungsimplybylimitingitsfoodforfourweeks.Thegeneticrejuvenationwon’treverseotherdamagecausedbytimeforthemouse,butcouldhelpitslivermetabolizedrugsorgetridoftoxins.

Spindlersteamfedthreemiceanormaldietfortheirwholelives,andfedanotherthreeonhalf-rations.Threemoremicewereswitchedfromthenormaldiettohalf-feedforamonthwhentheywere34monthsold—equivalenttoabout70humanyears.

Theresearcherscheckedtheactivityof11,000genesfromthemouselivers,andfoundthat46changedwithageinthenormallyfedmice.Thechangeswereassociatedwiththingslikeinflammationandfreeradicalproduction—probablybadnewsformousehealth.Inthemicethathaddietedniltheirlives,27ofthose46genescontinuedtobehavelikeyounggenes.Butthemostsurprisingfindingwasthatthemicethatonlystarteddietinginoldagealsobenefitedfrom70percentofthesegenechanges.

“Thisisthefirstindicationthattheseeffectskickinprettyquickly.”sayHuberWarnerfromtheNationalInstituteonAgingnearWashingtonD.C.

Nooneyetknowsifcalorierestrictionworksinpeopleasitdoesinmice,butSpindlerishopeful.“There’sattractingandtemptingevidenceouttherethatitwillwork,”hesays.

Ifitdoesworkinpeople,theremightbegoodreasonsforrejuvenatingtheliver.Aswegetolder,ourbodiesarelessefficientatmetabolizingdr