英语语法非常简单的讲解Grammar.docx
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英语语法非常简单的讲解Grammar
SimplePresent
SimplePresentisthemostbasicverbtenseinEnglish.Ithas
severaluses:
STRUCTURE
Subject+BaseVerb+Object
Examples:
∙Ilikepizza.
∙ShelivesinToronto.
∙Wehaveadog.
∙Theygotoschool.
For"he","she",and"it"usethethird-personverb.Thisisthe
sameasthebaseverb,butithasan"s"ontheend:
1.BaseVerb--------play,live,run
2.3rdPersonVerb--------plays,lives,runs
Thistableshowsthedifferencebetweenthethirdperson
pronouns.Noticethe"s"ontheendoftheword.
BaseVerb
3rdPerson
IliveinVancouver.
HelivesinVancouver.
Youplaysoccer.
Sheplayssoccer.
TomandDan（they）likebasketball.
Tom（he）likesbasketball.
Thebooks（they）lookold.
Thebook（it）looksold.
Hereareallthepronounswiththeverbsinsimplepresent:
●Ilikepizza.
●Youlikepizza.
●Helikespizza.
●Shelikespizza.
●Itlikespizza.
●Welikepizza.
●Theylikepizza.
Negatives
Negativesinsimplepresentusedonotordoesnot.Theyalso
usebe+not.
DoNot/DoesNot
Subject+Do/Does+not+baseverb
Examples:
Idonotlikepizza.
Shedoesnotplaybaseball.
Afterdonotordoesnottheverbisalwaysinthebaseform.
∙Helikessoccer.
∙Hedoesnotlikesoccer.
∙ShestudiesEnglish.
∙ShedoesnotstudyEnglish.
Hereisatablethatshowsallthenegativeformsusingdonot
ordoesnotinthesimplepresent.
Be+Not
Negativesentencescanalsousetheverbtobeandnot.They
lookliketheseexamples:
Iamnotadoctor.
∙Sheisnothungry.
∙TheyarenotfromAfrica.
SimplePast
∙ThesimplepasttenseinEnglishisformedlikethis:
RegularVerbs
Subject+Verb+ED
Examples:
Iplayedhockeyyesterday.
∙Hejumpedonthebed.
∙
IrregularVerbs
Irregularverbsdon’tendin"ed".Theyhavedifferent
endings.Theyarecalledirregularverbsbecausetheirendings
aredifferent.
Examples:
Go=went
∙Have=had
Verbtobeinthesimplepast
USES
Actionsataspecifictimeinthepast
∙Iatedinnerat5:
00pmyesterday.
∙Hewenttoschoolthismorning.
Completedactionsinthepast
∙Ifinishedmyhomeworkbeforedinner.
∙Shequitherjob.
Paststatus
∙Iwasateacher5yearsago.
∙Theyweretiredlastnight.
NEGATIVES
Subject+Did+Not+BaseVerb
Examples:
Ididnoteatyesterday.
∙Theydidn't（didnot）gotoclasslastweek.
QUESTIONS
Questionsinsimplepastarethesameasinthe
simplepresent.Thereare2types:
1.Did
2.Was/Were
Did+Subject+Verb（inpresent）
Examples:
Didyoueatyesterday?
∙Didtheygotothestorelastweek?
Was/Were+Subject
Examples:
Washetiredlastnight?
∙Weretheylatethismorning?
∙
SIMPLEPASTTIMEPHRASES
SimpleFuture
ThefuturetenseinEnglishisformedintwoways:
1.Will
2.Goingto
Will
Subject+will+baseverb+object
∙Iwillgotoworktomorrow.
∙Theywilleatseafoodfordinner.
Willisalwaysfollowedbyabaseverb.
∙Ising.
∙Hesings.
∙Iwillsing.
∙Hewillsing.
ContractionswithWill
IwillI`ll
YouwillYou`ll
HewillHe`ll
ShewillShe`ll
ItwillIt`ll
WewillWe`ll
TheywillThey`ll
Goingto
Subject+verbtobe+goingto+baseverb+object
∙Iamgoingtoeatpizzafordinner.
∙Heisgoingtogotoworktomorrow.
∙TheyaregoingtohaveapartyonSaturday.
Noticehowtheverb"tobe"mustagreewithitssubject.
QUESTIONS
Forquestionsinthesimplefuture,changethesubjectandthe
auxiliaryverb.
Willyoucometotheparty?
∙Willshegotoworktomorrow?
∙Areyougoingtocometotheparty?
∙Ishegoingtoplaysoccertonight?
NEGATIVES
Fornegativesinthesimplefuture,use"not".
∙Iwillnotcookdinnertonight.
∙Iamnotgoingtocookdinnertonight.
Contraction:
willnot=won't
∙Iwon’tgotothepartytomorrow.
∙Gregwon'tlikethemovie.
PresentContinuous
Thepresentcontinuousisaverbtenseusedtoshowactionsinthepresent.Theseactionsarehappeningrightnow.
STRUCTURE
Subject+Verb“tobe”+Verb+ing（gerund）
∙Iamtalking.
∙Sheisnotsinging.
∙Theyarewatchingamovie.
USES
Presentcontinuousisusedforactionshappeningrightnow.
∙Iameatingdinnernow.
∙Heislisteningtomusic.
Nowcanmeanmanythings.Itmaymeanrightnoworthis
second.Itcanalsomeanthesedaysorthisyear.
Iamlisteningtomusicrightnow.
（Thisdescribestheactionhappeningrightnow）
IamworkingatBurgerKing.
（Thepersonisnotworkingthisminute,butingeneral）
Thesecondexampleshowshowsimplepresentandpresent
continuouscanbeusedinthesameway.
Howareyou?
Howareyoudoing?
IliveinToronto.IamlivinginToronto.
IteachatChesterHighSchool.IamteachingatChester.
QUESTIONS
Theverbandthesubjectarereversedtoformaquestionwith
thepresentcontinuous.
Yes/NoQuestions
Isheeatingdinner?
Yes.heiseatingdinner.
Areyouwatchingamovie?
No.Iamplayingpiano
WHQuestions
Whereishegoing?
Whatareyoudoing?
Whyisshesinging?
PastContinuous
Pastcontinuousisaverbtensealsocalledpastprogressive.Itisusedforcontinuousactionsinthepast.
STRUCTURE
Subject+Was/Were+Verb+ING
Examples:
∙Iwassleeping.
∙Theyweredancing.
Pastcontinuousisusedtoshowanactionthatwascontinuing
inthepastuntilanotheractioninterruptedit.
Thecontinuingactionispastcontinuousandtheinterrupting
actionissimplepast.
Example:
Iwassleepingwhenyoucalledme.
∙（Theactionofsleepingwascontinuingovertimeuntil
thetelephonecallinterruptedthesleeping.）
Herearesomemoreexamples:
Shewasplayingintheparkwhenitstartedtorain.
∙Whiletheyweretalking,thepizzaarrived.
∙Thecarcrashedwhenwewerewalkingacrossthestreet.
Anexpressionoftimecanbeusedasaninterruptionaswell.
∙Wewereeatingdinnerat4o’clock.
∙At6o’clockwewerestillstudyingforourtest.
Herearesomemoreusesofthepastcontinuous:
ParallelActions
Pastcontinuousisusedtoshowtwoactionshappeningatthe
sametimeinthepast.
IwasreadingandhewaswatchingTV.
∙Whileshewassleeping,Jackwasdoinghishomework.
Noticetheword"while"isoftenusedinthesesituations:
WhileIwascleaning,shewaswatchingtelevision.
∙Hewastalkingwhileshewasstudying.
RepetitioninthePast
PastContinuouscanalsobeusedtoshowactionsthat
happenedmanytimesinthepast.
Hewasalwaysbreakingsomethingwhenhewasachild.
∙Icouldn'tenjoythemoviebecausethepeoplebehindme
weretalkingthewholetime.
Herearesomemoretipsforusingthepastcontinous:
Pastcontinuouscanoftenbeusedinthesameplacesas
simplepast.
∙YesterdayIreadabook.
∙YesterdayIwasreadingabook.
Oftenitisdeterminedbythequestion.
Whatwereyoudoingyesterday?
Iwasreading.
∙Whatdidyoudoyesterday?
Iread.
Rememberthat,justlikepresentcontinuous,youcannotuse
non-continuousverbsincontinuoustenses.
INCORRECT
∙IwaslikingpizzawhenIwasyoung.
CORRECT
∙IlikedpizzawhenIwasyoung.
INCORRECT
∙Iwaswantingtoeatpizzayesterday.
CORRECT
∙Iwantedtoeatpizzayesterday.
Formoreinformationonstativeverbs,trythestative/dynamic
verbslesson.
PresentPerfect
∙
PresentperfectisoneofthemostimportantEnglishverbtenses.
STRUCTURE
Subject+Have/Has+（NotorNever）+PastParticiple+Object
Ihaveeaten.
∙Shehasnoteaten.
Contractions:
Have+Not=haven’t
Has+Not=hasn’t
QUESTIONS
Have/Has+Subject+PastParticiple+Object
HaveyouvisitedTexas?
∙Hasshedrivenamotorcycle?
Answers:
Yes,Ihave.No,Ihaven’t.
Yes,shehas.No,shehasn't.
USES
Actionsinthepastwithnospecifictime.Thismeansthetimeisunknownornotimportant.
IhavevisitedMontreal.
∙Theyhavetriedsushi.
Activitiesthataffectthepresentorcontinueinthepresent
∙Ihavebeenateacherfor10years.
∙（Thispersoncontinuestobeateacher）
Shehasalwayslovedtoread.
∙（Shestilllovestoread）
PresentPerfectisuseddifferentlythanSimplePast.
IhavebeentoEngland.（Notime）
∙IwenttoEnglandlastyear.（Time）
Youcan'tusePresentPerfectwithtimephrases.
Example:
yesterday,lastweek,3daysago,whenIwas16,etc.
YoucanusePresentperfectwith
ever,never,once,severaltimes,afewtimes,still,yet,already
Examples:
Ihaveeatensushiyesterday.（incorrect）
∙Ihaveeatensushi3times.（correct）
ShehaslearnedEnglish3yearsago.（incorrect）
∙ShehasneverlearnedEnglish.（correct）
PastPerfect
Thepastperfectissimilartothepresentperfect,butitisuseddifferently.
STRUCTURE
Toformthepastperfect,usethisstructure:
Subject+Had+PastParticiple
Herearesomeexamples:
IhadtriedsushibeforeIwenttoJapan.
∙Ihaddonemyhomeworkalready.
Thepastperfectalwaysuses"had",whichistheverb"have"
inthepast.Itiscommontouseacontractionwith"had":
USES
Actionsinthepastthathappenbeforeanotheraction.The
1stactionisinpastperfectandthesecondactionisin
simplepast.
∙Takealookatthissituationandhowpastperfectisused:
7:
00Iatedinner.
9:
00Sheinvitedmetoarestaurant.
SheinvitedmetoarestaurantbutIhadeatendinner.
Herearesomeexamplesofthepastperfect:
IhadneverbeentohishousebeforeIwenttohisparty.
∙Iarrivedatthestationat9:
00am,butthetrainhadleft.
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