新世纪课文Word文件下载.docx

新世纪课文Word文件下载.docx

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“Ihaveasystem,”explainsJim,“sothatIcanfindthingseasilyinthedarkroom.It’sasimplesystem.IjustkeepmymaterialsinorderandputthembackinthesameplaceafterIusethem.Idon’thavetosearchforanything.”

“Jimisquitecapableandcanbetrusted,”sayshisboss,“Iwouldn’thavehimworkinghereifheweren’t.Andthatbringsmetothequestionofhandicappedpeople.Youcan’tletyourselfgetupsetaboutthem.Theywanttobetreatedjustlikeanybodyelse---andtheyshouldbe.Theydon’twantyoutofellsorryforthem.”

NoonehastofeelsorryforJimCorrigan.

5.StartingaconversationwithaforeignerinEnglish

Asyourodeonthebusoneday,aforeignersatdownbesideyou.Finally,herewasaperfectopportunityforyoutopracticespeakingEnglishwithaforeigner,youthoughttoyourself.Butnowordscameintoyourhead.Youweretongue-tied!

After15minutes,theforeignergotoffthebusandyoudidn’tutteraword!

“Whatashame!

”yousaidtoyourself.

Ifyouhavehadsuchanexperience,don’tfeelbad.You’renotalone.Whatyouneedisalessoninsmalltalk.Herearesometipsthatwillshowyouhowtogetstarted.

“HELLO”---ASTARTERFirst,exchangea“Hello”or“Hi”withtheforeigner,butatthesametime,paycloseattentionandseeifhefeelslikechatting.Watchhisfacialexpressionandbodylanguageforcues.Havingsaidhis“Hello”or“Hi”inreturn,doeshejuststareoutofthewindoworkeepreadingthebookinhishand?

That’sthecueforyoutostopmovingon.Don’tforceaconversationonsomeonewhowantstobeleftalone.

Butwhatifthepersonstopswhateverheisdoingandlooksbackorsmilesatyou?

Thesearepositivecues,indicatingyoucankeeptalkingandstartaconversation!

SMALLTALK---THEMAINCOURSETostartaconversation,youshouldchooseasuitabletopic.Then,whataretherulesforchoosingasuitabletopic?

Perhapsthemostuniversaltopicofanyconversationistheweather.Everyonehasanopiniontoshareabouttheweather!

Don’timmediatelylaunchintoserioustopicslikepoliticsorreligion.Anddon’ttalkaboutpersonalmatters,either.Sticktofamiliarsubjectsofacasualnaturesuchasmovies,music,sports,favouritethings,orone’slikesanddislikes.

Smalltalkflowsnaturally.Raiseopen-endedquestionsratherthanyes-noquestionstokeeptheconversationgoing.Trytofindpointsofconnectionbetweenyouandthepersonyouarechattingwith.Offershortcommentsonwhattheotherpersonsays,andlistenattentivelywhenwhatyousayisbeingcommentedon.Ifyougetsuchcommentsas“That’sinteresting.”,“Iagree.”,or“Metoo.”thenyouknowyou’reontherighttrack.

YoucanhavealotoffunchattinginEnglishwithforeigners.Theywill,too.Tryit!

Makingsmalltalkcanbeoneoflife’spleasures.

6.Nevertoobusyforsocialmanners

Soyouforgottoanswerthatpartyinvitationyoureceived.Now,thedayhascomeandgone,andyou’refeelingguiltybecauseyounevertoldthehostyoucouldn’tattend.

“Don’tallowthisoversight（疏忽）toruinyourrelationship,”saysR.ThomasBoone,aUSsocialpsychologist.“Iwouldshowupwithabottleofwineandsay,‘Iowe（感激，亏欠）youone.I’mreallysorry’,”Boonesays.

Sendane-mail,makeaphonecallorreachouttothehostanotherway.Whateverthemethod,doitassoonaspossible.

Ifguestsdon’tanswertheinvitationsontime,thehostcannotpossiblyplanforthecorrectamountoffoodanddrink.Thismayleadtohundredsoreventhousandsofdollarsofwaste.

“Everybodyhasabusyschedulenow,”Boonesays.Ifyouknowyouareforgetfulwhenitcomestomakingphonecalls,tryemailingyourRSVPsassoonastheinvitationarrives.RSVPistheshortformoftheFrenchphrase“ré

pondezs’ilvousplaî

t”,meaning“Reply,ifyouplease”.

Thefollowingaresomecommonlyusedtermsininvitationlettersandtheirmeanings.Besuretoknowtheseandanswerinvitationsproperly.

RSVP,REGRETSONLYOnlyguestswhocan’tattendneedreply.Youneedtogiveaproperreasonwhyyoucan’tattend.

RSVPBY…Guestsshouldrespondwithyesornobythedateindicatedontheinvitation.Settingadategivesguestsadeadline.Itisalsoadeadlineforthehosttoconnectguestswhohaven’treply.

RSVPBYE-MAILGuestscanrespondbye-mail.Unlikephonecalls,e-mailscanbesentwithoutregardtotimeofdayorlocation.

7.HolidaysandfestivalsintheUnitedKingdom

TherearemanynationalholidaysintheUnitedKingdom.Amongthem,Easter,andChristmasaretwoofthemostfamous.

EASTERThedateofEastervarieseachyear.ItusuallyfallsinMarchorApril.DuringtheEasterholiday,peoplegiveeachotherchocolateEastereggs.TheeggsareopenedandeatenonEasterSunday.OnGoodFriday（thedaybeforeEaster,whenChristiansobservethedayonwhichChristdied）,hotcrossbuns（复活节前一个星期五吃的十字面包）aresold.Theyaretoastedandeatenwithbutter.EasterMonday（thedayafterEaster）isaBankHoliday.Onthatday,banksandothermajorbusinessesareclosed;

peoplemayenjoyatriptotheseasideorwatchanexcitingsportsgame,suchasfootball,orhorse-racing.

CHRISTMASFormostBritishfamilies,Christmasiscertainlythemostimportantholidayoftheyear.Familiesdecoratetheirhousesinbrightcolours.UsuallyaChristmastreeisplacedinthefrontroom,shiningwithcolouredlightsandinterestingdecorations.

OnthemorningofChristmasDay（December25）,manypeoplegotochurchtocelebratethebirthofChrist（耶稣基督）.Intheafternoon,theystayathomeandopenthegiftsthatweregatheredaroundthetree.Later,theymaywatchtheQueenappearontelevisiontodeliverhertraditionalChristmasmessagetothewholecountry.Intheevening,thefamiliessitdowntoabiggoose（sometimesturkey）dinner.Theyroundoffthemealwithpudding,aChristmasspecialty.

ManytraditionsareconnectedwithChristmas.Forchildren,themostimportantoneisthatofreceivinggifts.OnChristmasEve（December24）,theyusuallyleavealongstockinghangingbythebedorbythefireplace.TheyhopethatFatherChristmaswillcomedownthechimneyduringthenightandbringthemsmallpresents.Theyareusuallynotdisappointed!

December26,BoxingDay,isalsoapublicholiday.Thisisthetimetovisitfriendsorwatchfootball.StudentshaveseveralweeksoffschoolforChristmas.

8.HowdodifferentculturesaroundtheworldcelebratetheNewYear?

Getreadytosaygood-byetotheold,hellotothenew!

What’stheoccasion?

ThecomingoftheNewYear.

ManyWesternculturesmeasuretheirdayswiththesolarcalendar.Therefore,theyobservethecomingofNewYearonJanuary1.CulturesinAsiaandMiddleEastuseothercalendars,suchasthemoreancientlunarcalendar.TheycelebratetheNewYearatothertimes.

Eventsandceremoniesvaryfromcountrytocountry.Butineachplaces,NewYearcelebrationsareabigmeal.

MostworldcultureshavebeencelebratingtheNewYearforcenturies.TheearliestNewYearcelebrationstookplaceduringspringorharvesttime.Withbetterweatherahead,orplentyoffoodtoeatinwinter,peoplenaturallyfeltlikehavingaparty!

Asthedaysbecamelongerandasnaturereneweditself,peoplealsofeltliketheycouldhaveanewstart.Pastdisappointmentscouldbeforgotten.TheNewYearcouldbringbetterfortune,moreopportunitiesandnewchallenges.Suchuniversalthemesremainthesametoday.

SomecultureshaveunusualNewYeartraditions.Italiansthrowoldthingsoutoftheirwindowsatmidnight,symbolizingthedepartureoftheold.Mexicansfiregunsintotheairtokeepawaymisfortunes.

NewYearcelebrationsalsoinvolvehavingfun.SomeculturesviewtheNewYearasanopportunitytoletofffireworks.InNewYorkCity’sTimesSquare,thousandsgatheronDecember31tocountdownthelastsecondsoftheyear.Agiantsilverballisloweredatthestrokeofmidnight.

London,England,hostsanannualNewYear’sDayparadethatdrawsnearlyamillionspectators.ThelargestparadeinEurope,itfeaturesbandsandenormousballoons.Theseballoonsaresohugethattheytowerovernearbybuildings!

HowwillyoucelebratetheNewYear?

Thinkaboutthethemesyoufindmeaningfulduringthisseason.Doyouhopeforanewstartorachancetoturnoveranewleaf?

whateverthecase,wewishyouwell.HappyNewYear!

9.Man’sfour-leggedfriend

Thesunwasshininganditwaswarm.Robin,ashepherd,waslyingonthegrass,enjoyingthebeautifulsunshine.Hisguard,asheepdog,wasstandingnexttohim,lookingattheflockofsheep.

Thisisonlyasceneinamovie,butitdoesgiveusarealpictureshowingman’srelationshipwithdogs.Foralongtimeinhistory,dogswerenotonlybeingraisedtoworkasman’sg