英国文学史期末复习指南Word文档下载推荐.docx

英国文学史期末复习指南Word文档下载推荐.docx

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IWanderedLonelyasaCloud/TheDaffodils

1.Whytherearetwodifferenttensesinthepoem?

2.WhatkindsoflanguagedevicesdoesWordsworthuseinhispoems?

Howdotheyservethewriter’spurpose?

3.Whatisthethemeofthepoem?

4.Whatkindoflanguagedoesheuse,colloquialandsimplewordsorbiganddecentwords?

Thepoetputshimselfinthepositionofasingleclouddriftingovertheneverendinghillsofrollingdaffodils.Healsoputshimselfinthepositionofsolitude.

Thelaststanzaofthepoemrevealsthatheislyingonacouchandvisualizingthedaffodils,whichbringshimserenityandjoy.Inthefirststanzathereisacomparisonbetweenthepoetandcloudwhichsuggestslazinessandfreedom.

Inthepoem,Wordsworthcommentsonthepleasureobtainedfromsolitarycontemplation.Hisuseoftheword“lonely”ispositive.

Heusesterms“crowd”and“host”torefertodaffodilsasifheistalkingabouthumanbeings.Thedaffodilsarelocatedinthecountrysidenearalakeandtreesandarealsoseentomovecontinuallyinadance.Thepoetsgetspleasurefromrememberingthesceneofdaffodilshesaw.

Inthefirstthreestanzasthetenseispastandinthelaststanzaisthepresent.Thepasttenseshowstheremembranceofthepast;

thepresenttenseindicatesapermanentconditioninthepresent.

W.WordsworthinhispoemIwanderedLonelyasaCloudispossiblymakinganattempttoshowthereadertheessenceoflifeinnature,andwhatkindofaroleamemoryfromchildhoodcanplayonusasadults.InhispoemWilliamWordsworthisusingdaffodilsasametaphorforliving,perhapseveneternallife,orlifeafterdeath.

Continuousasthestarsthatshineandtwinkleonthemilkyway,theystretchedaneverendingline?

Asourlifestretchingforaslongaswecanseeit,thedaffodilsmightbeamererepresentationofthemillionsoflivesthattakeplacearoundus,butwhichweseldomhavetimetoappreciate.

Thethemeofthispoemisharmonybetweenhumanityandnature.

Writersusessimile,metaphor,personification,imagesinhispoem.

Thereisvividpictureofthedaffodilshere,mixedwiththepoet’sphilosophicalandsomewhatmysticalthoughts.ItisperhapsthemostanthologizedpoeminEnglishliterature,andonethattakesustothecoreofWordsworth’spoeticbeliefs.

3.3TheSolitaryReaper

Itisaniambicverse.Mostofthelinesinthepoemareoctosyllabics.Therhyme-schemeforeachstanzaisababccdd.

TheSolitaryReaperuseruralfigurestosuggestthetimelessmysteryofsorrowfulhumanityanditsradiantbeauty.

Itdescribesanamelesslistener'

sdelightinayoungwoman'

smelancholysonginanunknownlanguageas,workingbyherselfinaScottishvalley,sheswingsasickle,reapinggrain.

Foureight-linestanzas,eachclosingwithtwocouplets.Shortlinesdelivertherhymesataquickpace.Sentencesnormallyneedtwoormoresuchshortlinestocomplete,sothatfewlinesarestronglyend-stopped．Dictionisconversational.Oftenlinesconsistmainlyofmonosyllabicwords.Wordsworthpreferscommonverbs,"

behold,"

"

reap,"

sing,"

stop,"

pass,"

cut,"

bind,"

chant,"

hear,"

and"

break."

WordsimportedintoEnglishfromLatinorGreek,like"

solitary"

melancholy"

orformswith"

-ive"

-ion"

endings（e.g.,"

plaintive"

motionless"

）,areinfrequent.Wordsworthwritesplain,almostundemandingverse.Forexample,herepeatsthesimplestideainvaryingwords.Thegirlis"

single,"

solitary,"

byherself"

（1-3）.Sheis"

reaping"

（3）,thatis,"

cutsandbindsthegrain"

（5）,"

o'

erthesicklebending"

（28）.Theonlookerisboth"

motionlessandstill"

（29）.Thelass"

sings"

（3,17,25,27）ordoes"

chant"

（9）a"

strain"

（6）,a"

lay"

（21）,or"

asong"

（26）.Thespeakerreliesoneverydayidioms,worntovaguenessbyoveruseinordinarytalk.Her"

theme"

（25）isof"

things"

（19）or"

matter"

（22）"

Thathasbeen,andmaybeagain"

（24）.Thisexcludesonlywhatneverexistedatall.Wheneverthespeakermightbecomeelevatedinspeech,hislanguageseemsprosaic（散文的，平凡的）,evenchatty:

“Willnoonetellme...”（17）,“Whate‘rethetheme”（25）,and“Longafteritwasheardnomore”（32）.Wordsworthnotes,pointedly,thatthislastlinecomesverbatim（逐字地）fromaprosetravelbook.TheSolitaryReaper"

doesnotimplement,programmatically,hisdogmaofplaindiction.Forexample,"

Valeprofound"

（7）,"

plaintivenumbers"

（18）,and"

humblelay"

（21）aresemi-formulaic,刻板的catchphrases

Theseexceptionsmaybedeliberate,characterizingthespeaker（notWordsworth）assomeoneforwhompoetrymeansmuch.Heresortstoformulasasiftohintthatthegirl'

ssongisout-of-placeinthevalley,howeverseparatedfromthetraditionsoffineversebyherclass,occupation,andlocation.

Wordsworthmaydeliberatelyimpoverish（使贫穷）hisspeaker'

slanguagesoastocontrastitwiththereaper'

ssong.TheSolitaryReaper’s“song”,likeafoundpoem,springsdirectlyfromnature,withoutliterarycontext.Her"

music"

runslikewater（"

overflowing"

thevalley）andsurpassesthebeautyoftwocelebratedEnglishsong-birds,thenightingaleandthecuckoo.TheSolitaryReaperrelatesanecstaticmomentinwhichapasser-bytranscendsthelimitationsofmortality.Boththesongandhegoontogether.

5.AssessmentofWordsworth

Asoneof"

LakePoets"

.WordsworthhassecuredthereputationofbeingoneofthegreatRomanticpoets.Althoughoftenviewedasa'

naturepoet'

（andapoetofnature）hispoetryisnotsimplyconcernedwithscenicanddescriptiveevocationsofnature,butratherwiththeissuesofMan,HumanNatureandMan'

srelationshipwiththenatural（andsupernatural）world.Wordsworthwasathisbestindescriptionsofmountainsandrivers,flowersandbirds,childrenandpeasants,andreminiscencesofhisownchildhoodandyouth.Asagreatpoetofnature,hewasthefirsttofindwordsforthemostelementarysensationsofmanfacetofacewithnaturalphenomena.Thesesensationsareuniversalandoldbut,onceexpressedinhispoetry,becomecharminglybeautifulandnew.Wordsworth'

spersonalityandpoetryweredeeplyinfluencedbyhisloveofnature,especiallybythesightsandscenesoftheLakeCountry,inwhichhespentmostofhismaturelife.Aprofoundlyearnestandsincerethinker,hedisplayedahighseriousnesscomparable,attimes,toMilton'

sbuttemperedwithtendernessandaloveofsimplicity.

Hisuseofthelanguageofordinaryspeechwasheavilycriticized,butithelpedtoridEnglishpoetryofthemoreartificialconventionsof18th-centurydiction.Hiswell-knownpoemsare“Lucy”,TheSolitaryReaper,Daffodils,andTheRainbowetc.

WordsworthhasagainbeenrecognizedasagreatEnglishpoet—aprofound,originalthinkerwhocreatedanewpoetictradition.

ThespiritoftheFrenchRevolutionhadstronglyinfluencedWordsworth,andhereturned（1792）toEnglandimbuedwiththeprinciplesofRousseauandrepublicanism.

WordsworthistherepresentativeofthepassiveRomanticpoets,whoexpressedthedeepestaspirationsofEnglishRomanticism.Hispoetryisdistinguishedbythesimplicityandpurityofhislanguage.Histheoryandpracticeinpoeticalcreationstartedfromadissatisfactionwiththesocialrealityundercapitalism,andhintedatthethoughtof“backtonature”and“backtopatriarchalsystemoftheoldtime”."

...poetryisthespontaneousoverflowofpowerfulfeelings:

ittakesitsoriginfromemotionrecollectedintranquility..."

（"

Preface"

）

所有的好诗都是炽烈情感的自然涌流，而这种情感又是经过在宁静中追忆的

GeorgeGordon,LordByron（1788-1824）

3.2AppreciationofSheWalksinBeauty

Darknessandlightareenjambment（跨行连读）forces,howdoesthepoetjointheoppositeswithinthewoman?

Accordingthesecondstanza,