初中英语名词专项练习题.doc
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名词专项练习和讲解
一.可数名词
(1)规则变化:
①一般在单数名词词尾加-s。
如:
map→maps,boy→boys,horse→horses,table→tables.
②以s,x,ch,sh结尾的词加-es.如:
class→classes,box→boxes,watch→watches,dish→dishes.
③以o结尾的名词,有生命的加-es,如:
tomato→tomatoespotato→potatoes,hero→heroes;
无生命的加-s如:
photo→photos,piano→pianos.
【快速记忆:
词尾字母若是o,常用三个已足够,要加-es请记好,hero,tomato,potato。
(英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿)。
】
④以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i,再加es。
如:
family→families,city→cities;
⑤以f或fe结尾的名词,变f或fe为v,再加es。
如:
wolf→wolves,life→lives,knife→knives.
★以-f或-fe结尾的名词,单数变为复数时,大多将-f或-fe变为-ves,常见的有:
“小偷(thief)的妻子(wife)用小刀(knife)和树叶(leaf)把狼(wolf)放在架子(shelf)上,劈成了两半(half),结束了它的生命(life)。
”
★以-f或-fe结尾的名词,直接在词尾加-s的有:
海湾(gulfgulfs)农奴(serfserfs)信(beliefbeliefs)酋长(chiefchiefs),悬崖(cliffcliffs)证据(proofproofs)上顶房)即房顶、屋顶roofroofs)
(2)不规则变化
变元音字母:
man-men;woman-women;goose-geese;foot-feet;tooth-teeth;mouse-mice
单复数同行:
fish;deer;sheep
特殊:
child-childrenthis---these(这些) that-- those(那些)
国人:
ChineseJapanese;Englishman-Englishmen;Frenchman-Frenchmen;German-Germans
变中心词:
lookers-on(旁观者);brothers-in-law(n.姐/妹夫)passers-by(过路人,行人)
没有中心词的在词尾加s。
如:
go-betweens(媒人);grown-ups(成人);
以man或woman+n.构成的复合词,两个名词都变复数.如:
mendrivers;womendoctors
二.不可数名词一般没有复数形式,说明其数量时,要用有关计量名词。
量化单位通常有pair,piece,cup,bottle,glass,box,bag等等。
如:
abagofrice→twobagsofrice,apieceofpaper→threepiecesofpaper,abottleofmilk→fivebottlesofmilk.
三.在汉语中属于可数范畴,但在英语中为不可数名词的某些词
advice:
忠告bread:
面包chocolate:
巧克力equipment:
设备
damage:
损坏food:
食物information:
消息furniture:
家具
knowledge:
知识homework:
作业housework:
家务water:
水
paper:
纸progress:
进步rice:
米population:
人口milk:
牛奶
四.有些名词虽然形式上是单数,但只看成复数
mankind人类people人民police警察
五.多数集合名词,即可看作单数(作为一个整体),做主语时,谓语动词要用单数。
也可看作复数(表示集体中的各个成员),做主语时,谓语动词用复数。
army军队family家group小组
eg:
1.Herfamilywaswellknownintheregion.她家在该地区是名门望族。
2.Hisfamilyallworkinthecity.他的家人都在这个城市上班。
3.Thefamilyisnotlarge.这个家庭不大。
(指家庭这个整体)
4.Thefamilyareallmusiclovers.这家人都是音乐爱好者。
(指家庭成员)
六.表示时间、距离、金钱、度量的名词可以与数词一起组成定语的复合结构,中间用连字符号连接,并且名词只能用单数形式。
athree-yearstudy一项为期三年的研究
aten-dollarbill一张十美元的钞票
七.名词所有格
名词所有格表示所属关系,(相当于汉语“…的”),在句中作定语、宾语或主语。
其构成法如下:
(1)表示人或其它有生命的东西的名词常在词尾加's。
如:
Children'sDay(儿童节),mysister'sbook(我姐姐的书)
(2)以s或es结尾的复数名词,只在词尾加“'”即可。
如:
Teachers'Day;hisparents'room
(3)在表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时,名词所有格的后面常常不出现其它所修饰的词
如:
thebarber's理发店thedoctor's(候诊室)
(4)如果两个名词并列,并且分别有's,则表示“分别有”;只有一个's,则表示“共有”。
如:
John'sandMary'sroom(两间) JohnandMary'sroom(一间)
(5)复合名词或短语,'s加在最后一个词的词尾。
如:
amonthortwo'svacation
(6双重所有格:
①of+名词性物主代词②of+名词's如:
afriendofmine(我的一位朋友),afriendofmyfather's(我父亲的一位朋友)
(7)无论表示有生命还是无生命的东西的名词,一般均可用介词of短语来表示所属关系。
如:
agooddaughteroftheParty(党的好女儿);thetitleofthesong(歌名);thecoverofthebook(书的封面)。
(8)有些表示时间、距离以及世界、国家、城镇等无生命的名词,也可在词尾加's.如:
today'snewspaper(今天的报纸),tenminutes'walk(十分钟的路程),China'spopulation(中国的人口).
一.可数名词的复数规则变化
1.map__________ girl__________ pen__________ bag_____ car__________
2.bus__________ brush__________ watch__________ box__________
3.baby__________ city__________ country__________
4.hero__________ potato__________zoo_________tomato_________ photo__________
5.knife__________ leaf_______wolf________wife__________ life__________
6.child__________foot__________tooth__________ mouse__________man__________
7.German__________ Englishman__________Chinese_________
8.deer__________ sheep__________ yuan__________
中等题
1.Therearetwo__________overthere.(watch)
2.Iliketaking__________.(photo)
3.lcanseea__________andtwo__________standingthere.(man,woman)
4.Therearetwobasketsof__________onthefloor.(apple)
5.Lookatthose__________.(child)
6.Hedoesn'tlikethese__________.(glass)
7.Howmany__________canyousee?
(radio)
8.Therearemoreandmore__________driversinShanghainow.(woman)
9.Givemesome__________,please.(water)
含性别的复合名词
1.Therearetwenty__________inourhospital.
A.womandoctors B.womendoctor C.womendoctors D.womandoctor
2.__________areusuallycarefulindoingexercises.
A.Girlstudents B.GirlsstudentsC.Girls’students D.Girl’sstudents
可数名词复数不规则变化
1. ----Whatarethese?
--Theyare__________.
A.deers B.radios C.Radioes D.tomatos
2. Howmany__________arethereinthese__________?
A.tomatos,photos B.tomatoes,photos C.tomatoes,photoes D.potatos,photoes
3.Mr.Chenhastwo__________.
A.tooths B.teeth C.teeths D.toothes
4. Hereare__________foryou,Sue.
A.potatos B.somepotatoesC.threetomatos D.sometomato
5. Thenthe__________begantoeatthegreen__________ofyoungtrees.
A.deer,leafs B.deer,leaves C.deer,leaf D.deers,leafs
国人复数变化专项
1. Imetsome__________intheparkandtalkedwiththemtheotherday.
A.Japanese B.American C.Chineses D.English
2. ---Excuseme,areyou__________?
---Yes,I’mfrom__________.
A.Japan,Japanese B.China,ChineseC.England,English D.American,America
3. Agroupof__________aretalkingwithtwo__________overthere.
A.Frenchmen,Germans B.Frenchmen,Germen
C.Frenchmen,German D.Frenchmanes,Germans
4. Yesterdayafew__________cametovisitsome__________inShantou.
A.German,placesofinterest B.Germans,placesofinterests
C.Germans,placesofinterest D.Germen,placesofinterest。
5. Two__________andfive__________arestudyingChineseatBeijingUniversity.
A.German,English B.Germans,English
C.Germans,Englishmen D.Germen,Englishmen
复合名词
1.Thedeliciousdishesarecookedby__________.
A.womencookers B.womencooks C.womancooks D.womancookers
2. Juliewenttothe__________tobuyapairofshoes.
A.shoesstore B.shoe’sstore C.shoestore D.shoes’store
简单题
1.Aftermovingtotheirnewhouse,theLeesboughtsome______inthemallnearby.(08上海)
A.furniture B.chair C.table D.shelf
2.Wehaven’tgotmuch__________forourpicnic.Willyougoandgetsome?
(07上海)
A.apple B.tomato C.bread D.biscuit
3.Heknows__________Chineseandhas__________Chinesefriends.
A.much,many B.many,much C.much,much D.many,many
4.I’mthirsty.IthinkI’llbuysome__________.
A.water B.bread C.eggs D.apples
5.---Wouldyoulikesome__________?
--Oh,yes,just(只)alittle.
A.pears B.oranges C.milk D.grapes
6. Look!
Therearesome__________onthefloor.
Achild Bboxes Cwater Dgirl
7. Therearemany__________inthefridge.
A.fish B.fruitC.eggsD.bread
8. Don’thurry!
Westillhave__________timeleft.
A.little B.few C.alittle D.afew
u中等题
1.Takesome__________toschool.It’ssohotandyoumayfeelthirsty.
A.meat B.bread C.juice D.orange
2.Weseemany__________and__________onthehill.
A.horses;sheeps B.horse;sheep C.horses;sheep D.horse,sheeps
4.---CouldIhavesomethingtoeat?
---Sure.Here’ssome.
A.chicken B.tomatoes C.orange D.Potato
2.Thereare__________studentsplayingintheplayground.
A.agreatdealof B.alargeamountof C.alargequantityof D.anumberof
3. Thereis__________milkand__________applesinthefridge.Let’sgetsome.
A.little,afew B.little,few C.alittle.few D.few.alittle
Ø不可数名词
u简单题
1.I’veread__________sportsnewsabouttheF1racetoday.
A.two B.pieces C.twopieces D.twopiecesof
2.Myteachergameme__________.
A.agoodadvice B.somegoodadvices C.somegoodadvice D.goodadvices
3.Usually,youngpeoplehaveblack__________andoldpeoplehavewhite__________.
A.hairs,ones B.hair,one C.hair,ones D.hairs,one
4.Peterwasbusywithhisworkyesterday.Hedidn’tget__________.
A.muchsleep B.manysleeps C.moresleep D.mostsleep
5.Ithinkitisawonderful__________.
A.work B.information C.idea D.news
6.Haveyoufoundsome__________ontheleaves?
A.dropsofwater B.dropsofwaters C.dropswater D.dropofwaters
7. Iwanttobuy__________.
A.twobottlesofink B.twobottleofinkC.twobottleofinks D.twobottlesofinks
u中等题
1.Howmany__________didyouhaveforbreakfast?
A.loavesofbread B.loavesofbreads C.loafsofbread D.loafofbread
2.Weareveryhappywithour__________inourstudies.
A.greatprogresses B.greatprogressC.manyprogress D.lotofprogress
3.Pleasepassme__________.Iwillcorrectthem.
A.thetestpaper B.somepiecesoftestpaper
C.thetestpapers D.somepieceoftestpaper
4. I’dliketohaveaglassofmilkand__________.
A.twobreads B.twopiecesofbreadsC.twopiecesofbread D.twopieceofbread
5. Hebought__________.
A.twopairsofshoes B.twopairofshoes C.twopairsofshoe D.twopairofshoe
抽象名词具体化
1.Theyhad__________climbinguptothetopofthehill.
A.goodtime B.thegoodtime C.agoodtime D.goodtimes
2.Shehasgivenus__________.
A.agreathelp B.manyhelps C.alargenumberofhelpD.alotofhelp
3.Ihavetowrite__________,butIhave__________towrite__________.
A.apaper,nopaper,on B.paper,nopaper,with
C.apaper,notanypapers,onD.apaper,notapaper,on
u简单题
4.Thisis__________room.
A.TomandMary’s B.Tom’sandMary’s C.Tom’sandMary D.TomandMary
5.__________motherscouldn’tgotothemeeting,becausetheyhavegonetoChengdu