完整word专八改错真题及答案推荐文档.docx

完整word专八改错真题及答案推荐文档.docx

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完整word专八改错真题及答案推荐文档

2000年-2015年专八短文改错试卷

2015年3月21日专业八级考试改错

WhenIwasinmyearlyteens,Iwastakentoaspectacularshow

onicebythemotherofafriend.Lookedroundatheluxuryofthe1.

rink,myfriend'smotherremarkedonthe“plush”seatswehadbeen

given.Ididnotknowwhatshemeant,andbeingproudofmy2.

vocabulary,Itriedtoinferitsmeaningfromthecontext.“Plush”wasclearlyintendedasacomplimentary,apositiveevaluation。

that3.

muchIcouldtellitfromthetoneofvoiceandthecontext.SoI4.

startedtousetheword.Yes,Ireplied,theycertainlyareplush,andsoaretheicerinkandthecostumesoftheskaters,aren'tthey?

My

friend'smotherwasverypolitetocorrectme,butIcouldtellfromher5.

expressionthatIhadnotgotthewordquiteright.

Oftenwecanindeedinferfromthecontextwhatawordroughly

means,andthatisinfactthewaywhichweusuallyacquireboth6.

newwordsandnewmeaningsforfamiliarwords,speciallyinour7.

ownfirstlanguage.Butsometimesweneedtoask,asIshouldhave

askedforPlush,andthisisparticularlytrueinthe8.

aspectofaforeignlanguage.Ifyouarecontinuallysurroundedby9.

speakersofthelanguageyouarelearning,youcanaskthemdirectly,butoftenthisopportunitydoesnotexistforthelearnerofEnglish.

Sodictionarieshavebeendevelopedtomendthegap.10.

2014改错

Thereiswidespreadconsensusamongscholarsthatsecondlanguageacquisition（SLA）emergedasadistinctfieldofresearchfromthelate1950stoearly1960s.

Thereisahighlevelofagreementthatthefollowingquestions

（1）

havepossessedthemostattentionofresearchersinthisarea:

（2）

lIsitpossibletoacquireanadditionallanguageinthesamesenseoneacquiresafirstlanguage?

（3）

lWhatistheexplanationforthefactadultshave（4）

moredifficultyinacquiringadditionallanguagesthanchildrenhave?

lWhatmotivatespeopletoacquireadditionallanguage?

lWhatistheroleofthelanguageteachinginthe（5）

acquisitionofadditionallanguages?

lWhatsocial-culturalfactors,ifany,arerelevantinstudyingthelearningofadditionallanguages?

Fromacheckoftheliteratureofthefielditisclearthatall（6）

theapproachesadoptedtostudythephenomenaofSLAsofarhaveonethingincommon:

Theperspectiveadoptedtoviewtheacquiringofanadditionallanguageisthatofanindividualattemptstodo（7）

so.Whetheronelabelsit“learning”or“acqutiiorinagl”anaddi

language,itisanindividualaccomplishmentorwhatisunder（8）

focusisthecognitive,psychological,andinstitutionalstatusofanindividual.Thatis,thespotlightisonwhatmentalcapabilitiesare

involving,whatpsychologicalfactorsplayaroleinthelearning（9）

oracquisition,andwhetherthetargetlanguageislearntintheclassroomoracquiredthroughsocialtouchwithnativespeakers.（10）

2013专八短文改错试卷．

Psycho-linguisticsisthenamegiventothestudyofthepsychologicalprocessesinvolvedinlanguage.Psycholinguisticsstudyunderstanding,productionandrememberinglanguage,andhenceareconcernedwith

（1）

listening,reading,speaking,writing,andmemoryforlanguage.

Onereasonwhywetakethelanguageforgrantedisthatitusually

（2）

happenssoeffortlessly,andmostoftime,soaccurately.（3）

Indeed,whenyoulistentosomeonetospeaking,orlookingatthispage,（4）

younormallycannothelpbutunderstandit.Itisonlyinexceptionalcircumstanceswemightbecomeawareofthecomplexity（5）

involved:

ifwearesearchingforawordbutcannotrememberit。

ifarelativeorcolleaguehashadastrokewhichhasinfluenced（6）

theirlanguage。

ifweobserveachildacquirelanguage。

if（7）

wetrytolearnasecondlanguageourselvesasanadult。

orifwearevisuallyimpairedorhearing-impairedorifwemeetanyoneelsewhois.Asweshallsee,alltheseexamples（8）

ofwhatmightbecalled“languageinexceptionalcircumstances”revealagreatdealabouttheprocessesevolvedinspeaking,（9）

listening,writingandreading.Butgiventhatlanguageprocesseswerenormallysoautomatic,wealsoneedtocarryoutcareful（10）

experimentstogetatwhatishappening.

2012年

Thecentralproblemoftranslatinghasalwaysbeenwhethertotranslateliterallyorfreely.Theargumenthasbeengoingsinceatleastthefirst

（1）

centuryB.C.Uptothebeginningofthe19thcentury,manywritersfavouredcertainkindof“free”translation:

thespirit,nottheletter。

the

（2）

sensenottheword。

themessagerathertheform。

thematternot（3）

themanner.Thisistheoftenrevolutionarysloganofwriterswho（4）

wantedthetruthtobereadandunderstood.Thenintheturnof19th（5）

century,whenthestudyofculturalanthropologysuggestedthatthelinguisticbarrierswereinsuperableandthatthelanguage（6）

wasentirelytheproductofculture,theviewtranslationwasimpossible（7）

gainedsomecurrency,andwithitthat,ifwasattemptedatall,itmustbeas（8）

literalaspossible.Thisviewculminatedthestatementofthe（9）

extreme“literalists”WalterBenjaminandVladimirNobokov.

Theargumentwastheoretical:

thepurposeofthetranslation,the

natureofthereadership,thetypeofthetext,wasnotdiscussed.Too

often,writer,translatorandreaderwereimplicitlyidentifiedwith

eachother.Now,thecontexthaschanged,andthebasicproblemremains.（10）2011年专八真题改错部分

Fromaveryearlyage,perhapstheageoffiveorsix,IknewthatwhenIgrewIshouldbeawriter.Betweentheagesofaboutseventeenandtwenty-fourItriedtoabandonthisidea,butIdidsowiththeconsciencethatIwasoutragingmytruenatureandthatsoonorlaterIshouldhavetosettledownandwritebooks.

1

2

3

Iwasthechildofthree,buttherewasagapoffiveyears

4

oneitherside,andIbarelysawmyfatherbeforeIwaseight.For

thisandotherreasonsIwassomewhatlonely,andIsoondeveloped

disagreeingmannerismswhichmademeunpopularthroughoutmy

5

schooldays.Ihadthelonelychild'shabitofmakingupstoriesandholdingconversationswithimaginativepersons,andIthinkfromtheverystartmyliteralambitionsweremixedupwiththefeelingof

6

7

beingisolatedandundervalued.IknewthatIhadafacilitywithwords

andapoweroffacinginunpleasantfacts,andIfeltthatthiscreatedasortofprivateworldwhichIcouldgetmyownbackformyfailureineverydaylife.Therefore,thevolumeofserious—i.e.seriouslyintended—writingwhichIproducedallthroughmychildhoodand

8

9

10

boyhoodwouldnotamounttohalfadozenpages.Iwrotemyfirstpoemattheageoffourorfive,mymothertakingitdowntodictation.

2010年专八真题改错部分

Sofaraswecantell,allhumanlanguagesareequally

completeandperfectasinstrumentsofcommunication:

thatis,

everylanguageappearstobewellequippedasanyothertosay

1

thethingstheirspeakerswanttosay.

2

Theremayormaynotbeappropriatetotalkaboutprimitivepeoplesorcultures,butthatisanothermatter.Certainly,notallgroupsofpeopleareequallycompetentinnuclearphysicsorpsychologyorthecultivationofrice.Whereasthisisnotthe

3

4

faultoftheirlanguage.TheEskimos,itissaid,canspeakaboutsnowwithfurthermoreprecisionandsubtletythanwecaninEnglish,butthisisnotbecausetheEskimolanguage（oneofthose

5

sometimesmiscalled'primitive'）isinherentlymorepreciseandsubtlethanEnglish.Thisexampledoesnotcometolightadefect

6

inEnglish,ashowofunexpected'primitiveness'.Thepositionis

simplyandobviouslythattheEskimosandtheEnglishliveinsimilar

7

environments.TheEnglishlanguagewillbejustasrichintermsfordifferentkindsofsnow,presumably,iftheenvironmentsinwhichEnglishwashabituallyusedmadesuchdistinctionasimportant.

8

9

Similarly,wehavenoreasontodoubtthattheEskimolanguagecouldbeaspreciseandsubtleonthesubjectofmotormanufactureorcricketifthesetopicsformedthepartoftheEskimos'life.

2009

Theprevioussectionhasshownhowquicklyarhymepasses

fromoneschoolchildtothenextandillustratesthefurtherdifference

（1）

betweenschoolloreandnurserylore.Innurseryloreaverse,

learntinearlychildhood,isnotusuallypassedonagainwhenthe

（2）

littlelistenerhasgrownup,andhaschildrenoftheirown,orevengrandchildren.Theperiodbetweenlearninganurseryrhymeandtransmittingitmaybesomethingfromtwentytoseventyyears.Withtheplaygroundlore,therefore,arhymemaybeexcitedlypassedonwithintheveryhouritislearnt。

andinthegeneral,itpassesbetweenchildrenofthesameage,ornearlyso,sinceitisuncommonforthedifferenceinagebetweenplaymatestobemorethanfiveyears.If,therefore,aplaygroundrhymecanbeshowntohavebeencurrentlyforahundredyears,orevenjustforfifty,itfollowsthatithasbeenretransmittedoverandover。

verypossiblyithaspassedalongachainoftwoorthreehundredyounghearersandtellers,andthewonderisthatitremainsliveaftersomuchhandling,toletalonethatitbearsresemblancetothe

（3）

（4）

（5）

（6）

（7）

（8）

（9）

（10）

2008年专八真题短文改错

Thedesiretouselanguageasasignofnationalidentityisa

verynaturalone,andinresultlanguagehasplayedaprominent1

partinnationalmoves.Menhaveoftenfelttheneedtocultivate2

agivenlanguagetoshowthattheyaredistinctivefromanother3

racewhosehegemonytheyresent.AtthetimetheUnitedStates4

splitofffromBritain,forexample,therewereproposalsthatindependenceshouldbelinguisticallyacceptedbytheuseofa5

diffe