届高考英语一轮复习阅读理解专项突破科普知识与现代科技.docx

届高考英语一轮复习阅读理解专项突破科普知识与现代科技.docx

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届高考英语一轮复习阅读理解专项突破科普知识与现代科技

科普知识与现代科技

一、阅读理解

1    Youcan’talwayspredictaheavyrainorrememberyourumbrella.ButdesignerMikhailBelyaevdoesn’tthinkthatforgettingtochecktheweatherforecastbeforeheadingoutshouldresultinyougettingwet.That’swhyhecreatedLampbrella,alamppostwithitsownrain-sensingumbrella.

    ThedesignersayshecameupwiththeideaafterwatchingpeoplegetwetonstreetsinRussia.“Once,IwasdrivingonacentralSaintPetersburgstreetandsawthestreetlampslightinguppeopletryingtohidefromtherain.Ithoughtitwouldbeappropriatetohaveacanopy（伞蓬）builtintoastreetlamp,”hesaid.

    TheLampbrellaisastandard-lookingstreetlampfittedwithanumbrellacanopy.Ithasabuilt-inelectricmotorwhichcanopenorclosetheumbrellaondemandSensors（传感器）thenensurethattheumbrellaofferspedestriansshelterwheneveritstartsraining.

    Inadditiontotherainsensor,there’salsoa360°motionsensoronthefiberglassstreetlampwhichdetectswhetheranyoneisusingtheLampbrella.Afterthreeminutesofnotbeingusedthecanopyisclosed.

    Accordingtothedesigner,theLampbrellawouldmoveatarelativelylowspeed,soasnottocauseharmtothepedestrians.Besides,itwouldbegroundedtoprotectfrompossiblelightningstrike.EachLampbrellawouldofferenoughshelterforseveralpeople.Beinginstalled（安装）at2metresofftheground,itwouldonlybeadangerforthetallestofpedestrians.

    WhiletherearenoplanstotaketheLampbrellaintoproduction,BelyaevsaysherecentlyintroducedhiscreationtooneMoscowDepartment,andinsistshiscreationcouldbeinstalledonanystreetwherealotofpeoplewalkbuttherearenocanopiestoprovideshelter.

1.ForwhatpurposedidBelyaevcreatetheLampbrella?

A.Topredictaheavyrain.

B.Tochecktheweatherforecast.

C.Toprotectpeoplefromtherain.

D.Toremindpeopletotakeanumbrella.

2.WhatdoweknowfromBelyaev'swordsinParagraph2?

A.Hiscreationwasinspiredbyanexperience.

B.ItrainsalotinthecityofSaintPetersburg.

C.Streetlampsareprotectedbycanopies.

D.Heenjoyedtakingwalksintherain.

3.WhichofthefollowingshowshowtheLampbrellaworks?

A.motor→canopy→sensors

B.sensors→motor→canopy

C.motor→sensors→canopy

D.canopy→motors→sensors

4.WhatdoesParagraph5mainlytellusabouttheLampbrella?

A.Itsmovingspeed.

B.Itsappearance.

C.Itsinstallation.

D.Itssafety.

5.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?

A.Thedesignerwillopenacompanytopromotehisproduct.

B.TheLampbrellacouldbeputintoimmediateproduction.

C.Thedesignerisconfidentthathiscreationispractical.

D.TheLampbrellawouldbeputonshowinMoscow.

2     ScientistsaroundtheworldhavebeenstudyingthewarmingofwatersinthePacificOceanknownasElNino（厄尔尼诺）.TheappearanceofElNinoisknowntoaffecttheweatheraroundtheworld.Scientistsstilldonotcompletelyunderstandit.Yettheynowfindtheycanuseittotellaboutthefutureindifferentareasoftheworld.

     OneexampleistheworkoftwoscientistsatColumbiaUniversityinNewYork,MarkCaneandGordonEshel.AscientistofZimbabwe（津巴布韦）,RogerBucklandworkedwiththem.TheyhavefoundthatwhenElNinoappears,Zimbabwehaslittleornorain.ThismeanscorncropsinZimbabwearepoor.ThelastElNinowasin1991to1993.ThatwaswhensoutheasternAfricasufferedaseriouslackofrain.

     Thescientistswroteabouttheirrecentworkinthepublication（出版物）Nature.TheircomputerprogramcantellwhenanElNinowilldevelopuptoayearbeforeitdoes.TheysuggestthatthiscouldprovideaneffectiveearlywarningsystemforsouthernAfrica,andcouldpreventmanypeoplefromstarving.

1.ElNinoisknownas___.

A.thechangingoftheweatherinsouthernAfrica

B.thewarmingofwatersinthePacificOcean

C.theweatherwhichbringsdrought（旱灾）toAfrica

D.theweatherphenomenon（现象）thatbringsheavyrainstoAfrica

2.ScientistsstudyElNinoinorderthat___.

A.theycanprovideakindofearlywarningtotheplacethatwillsufferfromdrought

B.theycantellwhyZimbabwehaslittleornorain

C.theycandosomeresearchworkinthisfield.

D.theycanputallthisinformationintotheircomputers.

3.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

A.ScientistscometounderstandhowElNinoappears.

B.ThreescientistsfromtheUSAworkonthissubject.

C.SouthernAfricasufferedaseriousdroughtandmanypeoplediedfromhunger.

D.ElNinohassomethingtodowithZimbabwe’spoorcrops.

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothearticle?

A.Thecomputerisusedinthisresearchwork.

B.ScientistsknowwhenanElNinoappearsbymeansofthecomputerprogram.

C.Thescientistspublishedtheirresultsoftheresearchwork.

D.Natureisthenameofthearticlewrittenrecentlybythescientists.

5.What’sthebesttitleforthispassage?

A.AppearanceofElNinoisPredictable（可预测的）

B.DroughtinZimbabwe

C.EarlyWarningSystem

D.WeatherinAfrica

3.   Organic（有机的）farmingisatypeofagriculturethatbenefitsfromtherecyclinganduseofnaturalproducts.Useofdriedplantsnotonlysavesmoney,butalsoensuresthegrowthofcrops.Thetechniqueischaracterizedbytheuseofgreenmanure（肥料）,biologicalpestcontrolmethodsandspecialfarmingtechniquestokeepsoilproductivity.Limitingtheuseofman-madechemicalsor completely doingawaywiththemreducestheriskofdiseases.Today,organicfarmingisamajorandpreferredindustryaroundtheworld.Organicallygrownfoodproductshaveahugemarket,withfarmlandscoveringabout10% ofthetotalworld-farmlandcover.ThehardworkofSirAlbertHoward,theFatherofOrganicFarming,haspaidoff.

   AdvantagesofOrganicFarming:

（1）Theeconomicsoforganicfarmingarecharacterizedbyincreasingprofitsthroughreducedwateruseandreducedsoilerosion（侵蚀）.

（2）Organicfarmingproducesthesamecropsasthoseproducedthroughtraditionalfarmingmethods,butuseshalftheenergy,andholds40%moretopsoil.

   （3）Farmingtheorganicwayenablesfarmerstogetridofweedswithouttheuseofanychemicals.

   （4）Theuseofgreenpesticides（杀虫剂）isenvironmentallyfriendlyanddoesnoharmtohuman’shealth.

   DisadvantagesofOrganicFarming:

（1）Organicmethodsoffarmingproduceless,comparedtotraditionalfarmingtechniques.

（2）Organicagriculturedoeslittletofightglobalclimatechange.ThoughorganicfarmingpracticesarerecognizedasgivingoutlessCO2,butnottoasignificantdegree.

   However,thoughtherearesomedisadvantagestoorganicfarming,farmswhereorganicmethodsforcroppinghavebeenusedhavemoreadvantagesthantraditionalfarms.Organicagricultureissurelybetterinthelongterm.

1.TheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph1showsthatSirAlbertHoward________.

A.workedhardfornothing

B.succeededinorganicfarming

C.spentallhistimeonorganicfarming

D.didn’texpectorganicfarmingtobesuccessful

2.Accordingtothepassage,comparedtotraditionalfarming,organicfarming________.

a.ismoreenvironmentallyfriendly

b.producesalotmorefood

c.useslessenergy

d.resultsinmoreweedsinthefarmland

e.isbetterforhuman’shealth

A.abc

B.acd

C.ace

D.bce

3.Theauthor’sattitudetowardorganicfarmingis________.

A.anxious

B.hopeless

C.unclear

D.optimistic

4.Thewriterwrotethispassagetotellus________.

A.thedevelopmentofagriculture

B.whatkindoffoodisbeinggrownatpresent

C.whyorganicfarmingissopopulararoundtheworld

D.whatorganicfarmingisanditsadvantagesanddisadvantages

4.   Gettingstuckinatrafficjamisoneofthemostboringproblemsforpeoplelivinginbigcities.Thefactthatyou’removingsoslowlyleadstoostress,angerandthewishthatyourcarcouldjustflyoverthetrafficlikeanairplane.

   Soon,however,thatwishcouldcometrue.OnMay8,UScar-rentingcompanyUbershowedoffwhatitdescribedas“thetransportationmodeofthefuture:

on-demandair transport,”reportedABCNews.

   AccordingtoNikhillGoel,headofproductsforUberAir,thecompany'sairtaxiservicemaylaunchtestflightsintheUScitiesofDallasandLosAngeles,aswellasDubaiintheUnitedArabEmirates,asearlyas2020.Ifeverythinggoesaccordingtoplan,passengerswillbeabletoflytoworkby2023.

   WhentheOlympicscomestoLosAngelesin2028.Uber“expectstohavehundreds,ifnotthousands,ofitsaircraftintheskies.”GoeltoldNewsweek.

   SowhatwouldUber'sflyingvehiclesbelike?

   Theyaresmall,electricaircraftthattakeoffandlandvertically（垂直地）,thergiveoffzeroemissions（排放）andarequietenoughtooperateincities.

   Justlikeanairplane,thevehicleswillhavefixedwingstohelpthemglide.Butwhileahelicopterhasjustonebigfixedrotor（定量）.Uber'svehicleswillhavemultiplerotors,whichwillhelpincreasefuelefficiency（效率）whilereducingemissionsandnoise.

   Becauseofthesefixedwinesandmultiplerotors.Uber’sflyingtaxis“shouldbequieterandsaferthanahelicopter.”reportedABCNews.

   However,theservicestillhasalongwaytogobeforeit'sreadytoacceptpassengers.Forexample,toavoidanypotentialaccidents.UberisworkingwithNASAtostudyairtrafficcontrolproblemsassociatedwithlow-flyingaircraft.ButjustasDubai'sMayorBettyPricesaidinanewsrelease.“Thisprogramisrevolutionaryandfuture-oriented（面向未来的）.”

1.Uber'sflyingtaxisareexpectedtostarttotakepassengersin_______.

A.2020

B.2023

C.2028

D.2030

2.Howarebersflyingtaxisdifferentfromhelicopters?

A.Theyhaveonebigrotor

B.Theyneedmorefueltofly.

C.Theyhavefewerfixedwings

D.Theyshould