阅读理解段落主旨.docx

阅读理解段落主旨.docx

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阅读理解段落主旨

阅读理解精读与泛读二

小主旨题

命题分析

小主旨即段落主旨，要求根据段落的意义做题。

这种题目的考察方式往往有两种，一种是直接问文章某段话的主要意义；另一种问文章中的某句话或某个例子用于证明什么。

常见的提问方式

1）Whatistheparagraph5mainlyabout____. 

2）Wecanlearnfromtheparagraph2that____.（注意：

这种题目也可以是细节题）

3）Wecanlearnfromthelastparagraphthat ____. 

4）BymentionXXX,theauthormainlyintendstotellusthat____. 

5）TheauthormentionXXXtoshowthat____. 

6）Themainideaoftheparagraph5isthat____.

解题思路

Step1:

粗读文章明大意，了解文章主旨。

Step2:

定位回相应段落，找出段落主旨。

段落主旨位置分布情况：

1.段落首句。

2.首句后出现转折，段落次句。

3.段落末句。

4.上一段末句。

5.下一段首句（往往段落为开头段落）。

经典例题一

2019山东D

Howfitareyourteeth?

Areyoulazyaboutbrushingthem?

Neverfear:

Aninventorisonthecase.Anelectrictoothbrushsenseshowlongandhowwellyoubrush,anditletsyoutrackyourperformanceonyourphone.

TheKolibreetoothbrushwasexhibitedattheInternationalConsumerElectronicsShowinLasVegasthisweek.ItsenseshowitismovedandcansendtheinformationtoanAndroidphoneoriPhoneviaaBluetoothwirelessconnection.

Thetoothbrushwillbeabletoteachyoutobrushright（don’tforgettheinsidesoftheteeth!

）andmakesureyou’rebrushinglongenough.“It’skindoflikehavingadentistactuallywatchyourbrushingonaday-to-daybasis,”saysThomasServal,theFrenchinventor.

Thetoothbrushwillalsobeabletotalktootherapplicationsonyourphone,sodeveloperscould,forinstance,createagamecontrolledbyyourtoothbrush.Youcouldscorepointsforbeatingmonstersamongyourteeth.“Wetrytomakeitsmartbutalsofun,”Severalsays.

Servalsayshewasinspiredbyhisexperienceasafather.Hewouldcomehomefromworkandaskhiskidsiftheyhadbrushedtheirteeth.Theysaid“yes,”butServalwouldfindtheirtoothbrushheadsdry.Hedecidedheneededabrushthatreallytoldhimhowwellhischildrenbrushed.

ThecompanysaystheKolibreewillgoonsalethissummer,for$99to$199,developingonfeatures.TheU.S.isthefirsttargetmarket.

Servalsaysthatoneday,it’llbepossibletoreplacethebrushonthehandlewithabrushingunitthatalsohasacamera.Thecameracanevenexamineholesinyourteethwhileyoubrush.

59.WhatisParagraph5mainlyabout?

A.HowServalfoundouthiskidsliedtohim.

B.WhyServalthoughtbrushingteethwasnecessary.

C.HowServaltaughthiskidstobrushtheirteeth.

D.WhatinspiredServaltoinventthetoothbrush

1.分析文章结构，总-分。

第一段：

一种新的电子牙刷功能高大上。

第二段：

Kolibree的出现。

第三段：

电子牙刷功能一。

第四段：

电子牙刷功能二。

第五段：

电子牙刷发明灵感来源。

第七段：

电子牙刷发展方向：

更加高大上。

本文也是总分结构，中心主旨为：

Anelectrictoothbrushsenseshowlongandhowwellyoubrush,anditletsyoutrackyourperformanceonyourphone.即本文首段末句。

2.长难句分析：

Servalsaysthatoneday,it’llbepossibletoreplacethebrushonthehandlewithabrushingunitthatalsohasacamera.

3.选项分析：

B、C两个选项中的necessary和taught第三段没有出现，典型的无中生有，迅速火速排除。

A选项为文中具体的细节，是栗子不是主旨。

D选项与段落主旨句同义替换，完美。

经典例题二

Weallknowhowimportanthumanlifeis—it’spriceless.Itdoesn’tmatterwhereyouarefromorwhatthecolorofyourskinsis—allpeoplearehumanbeings.Firstly,wecantellyouthatthelivesofyourrelativescoulddependonyourabilitytogivefirstaid.Ifyouthinkhighlyofhuman’slife,thiswebsiteisforyou!

Hereyoucanfindinformationaboutfirstaid.

Theveryfirstthingthatyoushoulddowhenyouseeanaccidentistoevaluatethesituationandpreventfurtherdangerousincidents.Firstofall,youhavetorecognizewhathashappenedandwhatthedangerstorescuersandvictimsare.Thinkabouthowtotakecareofthevictims.

Helpingusuallytakesplaceinverydifficultconditionsandinjuriescanbeverybad.Therefore,youcannotbetooafraidofmakingmistakestohelp.Sometimesyouhavetofacethefactthatregardlessofyouractionsandyoureffortsthevictim’sconditionmightnotimprove—heorshecouldevendie.Insomecasesevenprofessionalmedicalaidmaynotsucceed.Ifyouhavedoneeverythingyouthinkyoushoulddo,youshouldn’tfeelguilty.

Donotexposeyourselftodanger.Givingfirstaidcanbedangerous.Whiletryingtohelpavictim,donotforgetaboutyourownsafety.Ifsomethinghappenstoyou,youwon’tbeabletohelpanyone.

Callforhelpafteryoufindouttheconditionofavictim.Butrememberifavictimfaintsduetobreathingfailurecausedbydrowning,chokingorpoisoning,youshouldfirsttakeactionsthathelptobringbacktheheartbeatandbreathing.Whilecalling,talkshortlybutclearly.Alwaysprovidethefollowinginformation:

thelocationoftheaccident,thekindofaccident,thenumberoftheinjuredandyourfullnameandphonenumberandsoon.

53.What’sthemainideaofParagraph3?

A.Youshouldlearnsomeprofessionalknowledgeaboutfirstaid.

B.Youshouldn’tfeelguiltyifyoudon’tknowaboutfirstaid.

C.Tryyourbesttogivefirstaidanddon’tbeafraidofmakingmistakes

D.Don’tmakemistakeswhenyouaregivingfirstaid.

1.分析文章结构，总-分。

第一段：

引出话题，急救。

第二段：

急救的措施一：

避免危险恶化。

第三段：

急救的措施二：

适当提供帮助。

第四段：

急救的措施三：

保护好自己。

第五段：

急救的措施四：

发现情况，及时求助。

本文总分结构，中心主旨为：

informationaboutfirstaid

2.长难句分析：

Sometimesyouhavetofacethefactthatregardlessofyouractionsandyoureffortsthevictim’sconditionmightnotimprove—heorshecouldevendie.

3.选项分析：

第三段的段落主旨并非第三段首句。

Therefore表因此，作为总结性词语，因此后面强调的是重点。

所以段落主旨其实是次句。

此题类似于转折词出现后，主旨句为后一句的情况。

Therefore,youcannotbetooafraidofmakingmistakestohelp.此句意思为，不要因为害怕犯错而提供帮助，与C选项同义替换。

D选项与正确选项出处相同，但是故意曲解原意，方向与原文完全相反。

A、B选项均在本段，但是位置不同，是细节不是主旨，且方向相反，错误。

经典例题三

Whetherinthehomeortheworkplace,socialrobotsaregoingtobecomealotmorecommoninthenextfewyears.Socialrobotsareabouttobringtechnologytotheeverydayworldinamorehumanizedway,saidCynthiaBreazeal,chiefscientistattherobotcompanyJibo.

Whilehouseholdrobotstodaydothenormalhousework,socialrobotswillbemuchmorelikecompanionsthanmeretools.Forexample,theserobotswillbeabletodistinguishwhensomeoneishappyorsad.Thisallowsthemtorespondmoreappropriatelytotheuser.

TheJiborobot,arrangedtoshiplaterthisyear,isdesignedtobeapersonalizedassistant.Youcantalktotherobot,askitquestions,andmakerequestsforittoperformdifferenttasks.Therobotdoesn’tjustdelivergeneralanswerstoquestions;itrespondsbasedonwhatitlearnsabouteachindividualinthehousehold.Itcandothingssuchasremindinganelderlyfamilymembertotakemedicineortakingfamilyphotos.

Socialrobotsarenotjustfindingtheirwayintothehome.Theyhavepotentialapplicationsineverythingfromeducationtohealthcareandarealreadyfindingtheirwayintosomeofthesespaces.FellowRobotsisonecompanybringingsocialrobotstothemarket.Thecompany’s“Oshbot”robotisbuilttoassistcustomersinastore,whichcanhelpthecustomersfinditemsandhelpguidethemtotheproduct’slocationinthestore.Itcanalsospeakdifferentlanguagesandmakerecommendationsfordifferentitemsbasedonwhatthecustomerisshoppingfor.

Themoreinteractiontherobothaswithhumans,themoreitlearns.ButOshbot,likeothersocialrobots,isnotintendedtoreplaceworkers,buttoworkalongsideotheremployees.“Wehavetechnologiestotrainsocialrobotstodothingsnotforus,butwithus,”saidBreazeal.

44.Wecanlearnfromthelastparagraphthatsocialrobotswill______.

A.trainemployees

B.beourworkmates

C.improvetechnologies

D.taketheplaceofworkers

1.分析文章结构，总-分-总。

第一段：

社交机器人更加人性化。

第二段：

社交机器人与家用机器人的不同。

第三段：

Jibo机器人的功能：

个人助手。

第四段：

社交机器人的应用。

第五段：

总结：

社交机器人发展趋势--与人类共同工作。

本文总分结构，中心主旨为：

Socialrobotsareabouttobringtechnologytotheeverydayworldinamorehumanizedway。

2.长难句分析：

ButOshbot,likeothersocialrobots,isnotintendedtoreplaceworkers,buttoworkalongsideotheremployees.

3.选项分析：

最后一段只有三句话，要确定到底哪一句是段落主旨，就看中间那句话是靠哪边站的。

明显,第二句与第三句表达的意思是一致的,因此可以确定段落主旨应该是第三句。

这句话考察的点是but表转折，转折后面是重点，强调withus=ourworkmates。

选B。

A、C两个选项与答案出处相同，但位置在转折的前面，哪怕此处读不懂，都应该判断是错误的。

D选项答案范围不在主旨句，且方向错误。

经典例题四

Withthepossibleexceptionofequalrights,perhapsthemostheatedargumentacrosstheUnitedStatestodayisthedeathpenalty（死刑）.Manyarguethatitisaneffectivedeterrent（威慑）tomurder,whileothersthinkthereisnoenoughproofthatthedeathpenaltyreducesthenumberofmurders.

Theargumentadvancedbythoseopposedtothedeathpenaltyisthatitiscruelandinhumanpunishment,thatitisthemarkofabadsocietyandfinallythatitisofquestionableeffectivenessasadeterrenttocrimeanyway.

Inouropinion,thedeathpenaltyisanecessaryaction.Throughoutrecordedhistorytherehavealwaysbeenthosepeculiarpersonsineverysocietywhomadeterriblecrimessuchasmurder.Butsomearemoredangerousthanothers.Forexample,itisonethingtotakethelifeofanotherintimeofblindanger,butquiteanothertocoldlyplanandcarryoutthemurderofoneormorepeopleinthestyleofabutcher.Thus,murder,likeallothercrimes,isamatterofdifferentdegree.Whileitcouldbearguedwithsomereasonthatthecriminalinthefirstinstanceshouldbemerelykeptfromsociety,suchshouldnotbethefateofthelattertypemurderer.

Thevalueofthedeathpenaltyasadeterrenttocrimemaybeopentodiscussion.Butthemajorityofpeoplebelievethatthedeathpenaltyprotectsthem.Theirbeliefisprovedbythefactthatthedeathpenaltypreventsmurder.Forexample,from1954to1963,whenthedeathpenaltywascarriedoutfromtimetotimeinCalifornia,themurderrateremainedbetweenthreeandfourmurdersforeach100,000population.Since1964thedeathpenaltyhasbeendoneonlyonce,andthemurderratehasrisento10.4murdersforeach100,000population.Thesharpclimbinthestate'smurderrate,whichbeganwhenkillingsstopped,doesnothappenbychance.Itcertainlys