对英汉翻译障碍的探讨基于文化背景和思维方式视角Word格式文档下载.docx

对英汉翻译障碍的探讨基于文化背景和思维方式视角Word格式文档下载.docx

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perspectivesofculturalbackgroundandthoughtstyle………..……………….…2

2.1Fromtheperspectiveofculturalbackground…………………………………..….2

2.1.1Thetranslationofidioms…………………………………………………….3

2.1.2Thetranslationofenigmaticsayings………………………………………..4

2.1.3Thetranslationofallusions…………………………………………………6

2.2Fromtheperspectiveofthoughtstyle………………….………………….……....7

2.2.1Chineseemphasisonperceptionandintuition,andwesternemphasis

onreasoningandlogic……….……….………..…………………….......7

2.2.2Differentwaysofexpressiondeterminedbydifferentthoughtstyles…........8

2.2.3Chinesebeliefinintegrationandwesternbeliefinindividuality………........9

3.Solutions……………………………………..……………………………....…...….10

3.1Totheproblemscausedbydifferentculturalbackgrounds………………….……10

3.2Totheproblemsbroughtaboutbydifferentthoughtstyles………………….……12

4.Conclusion………………………………………………………………..……..…...12

Bibliography……………………………………………………………………..….......14Summaryofwritingthisthesis…………………………………………………....…...15

Acknowledgements………………………………………………………….…….....…16

OnBarrierstoEnglish-ChineseTranslation

fromthePerspectivesof

CulturalBackgroundandThoughtStyle

Abstract:

Translationshouldbethereappearanceoftheoriginalwork.Inotherwords,theimage,theartisticeffect,andthemeaningoftheoriginalworksshouldallbesuccessfullydeliveredinthetranslatedversion.Butthereexistsomefactorsthatmakeitimpossibletoproduceexcellenttranslations.Amongthefactorsthataffecttranslation,differentculturalbackgroundsanddifferentthoughtstylesarethemostinfluentialones.Languageistheembodimentofculture,andindealingwiththetranslationofworks,whatisthemostimportantofallistodealwiththeelementofculture.Goodmanagementofculturesofdifferentnationsisoneofthekeypointsindoingtranslation.Idioms,enigmaticsayingsandallusionsarethemostculturallyspecificexpressionsthatcausegreatdifficultiesfortranslators.Thoughtstyleisthefactorthataffectsthecompositionofasentence,aparagraph,oranarticle,andeventheunderstandingofthem.BecauseofChineseemphasisonperceptionandintuition,Chinesecharactersarepictographic;

andbecausewesternersarereasonableandlogical,objectivityisthemainpropertyofEnglishvocabulary.Todaythereisalmostnointegratedanalysisonthistopic.Someunsuccessfultranslationsresultingfromdifferentculturalbackgroundsanddifferentthoughtstylesareeasytobefoundintranslatedworkswhichishardfortargetreaderstounderstand.TheaimofthispaperistoanalyzetheelementsofculturalbackgroundandthoughtstylethataffectEnglish-Chinesetranslation,andthentoprovidesomegoodmethodstoovercomethesedifficulties.Throughanalyzingthesebarriers,itcanbeconcludedthat,toproducegoodtranslatedversions,awellawarenessofdifferentculturebackgrounds,agoodcommandofdifferentthoughtstyles,andanadoptionofpropertranslationmethodsareneeded.

KeyWords:

translation;

culturalbackground;

thoughtstyle;

translationmethod

摘要：

翻译应该是原著的重现，也就是原著的字面意思与其意象和艺术性的完美传达。

在影响翻译的因素中，文化背景的不同以及思维方式的不同影响最深。

语言是文化的载体，在做翻译时，最重要的就是处理文化的特征。

处理好各族文化的问题是做好翻译的关键之一。

在文化因素中，影响最大的是成语、歇后语以及典故。

它们最具有文化特色，给译者带来很大麻烦。

思维方式是影响写作句子、段落、文章的因素，也是影响对它们理解的因素。

因为中国人重感性与直觉，所以汉语词汇较形象；

而因为西方人重推理与逻辑，英语词汇的表意较具有客观性。

现在，在这方面几乎还没有综合性研究。

一些由文化背景或思维方式不同引起的失败翻译随处可见，它们让读者难以理解。

这篇论文旨在通过对文化因素以及思维方式影响英汉翻译的探讨，进而提出一些翻译方法，以解决这些问题。

通过对这两种因素的研究与分析，发现要做好翻译，我们就必须对不同文化深入了解，对不同文化背景下的思维方式精通掌握，而且还要适当选择翻译方法。

关键词：

翻译；

文化背景；

思维方式；

翻译方法

1.Introduction

Whenitcomestotranslating“giveabadnametothedogbeforehangingit”,manypeoplewilldoitinthisway,“杀死这只狗前先给这只狗一个坏名字”.ThetranslatedversionishardforanativeChinesetounderstandthoughit’sbothgrammaticallyandsemanticallyright.Thefinalgoaloftranslationshouldbeasuccessfuldeliveryofthemeaningoftheoriginalversiontothetargetreaders,andovercometheobstaclesexistingbetweentwolanguages.Undoubtedly,theaboveChineseversionturnsouttobeafailurebecauseofthefailureinreachingthisgoal.Theproblemliesintheimproperchoiceoftranslationmethod.

Translationshouldbethereappearanceoftheoriginalversion.Inotherwords,theimageandtheartisticeffectoftheoriginalversionshouldallbesuccessfullydelivered,notjustthemeaningofthewordsineachsentence.Thelatter,foratranslator,isnotadifficulty,buttheformerpresentsrealdifficultiestothem.Therearemanyfactorsthataffectunderstandingandtranslation,andthemostinfluentialfactorsareculturalbackgroundandthoughtstyledifferences.Thispaperattemptstoanalyzethesetwofactors.

Thefirstisculturalbackgrounddifference.Languageisproducedanddevelopedinpacewiththeproductionandthedevelopmentofhumanculture,sotheseparationoflanguagefromcultureisboundtobeimpossible.Thedifferencesofthedevelopmentindifferentareasproducevariousidioms,enigmaticsayingsandallusionswhicharebroadlyusedintheirlanguages.Onlyathoroughawarenessofdifferentculturalbackgroundsofbothlanguagescanwellservetoproducequalifiedtranslatedversions.

Thesecondisthoughtstyledifferenceexistingbetweeneasternersandwesterners,anddifferentwaysofexpressiondeterminedbytheabovedifference.“Easternersemphasizeperceptionandintuition,whilewesternersareratherreasonableandlogical;

ChinesepeoplestressideaswhileWesternersstressforms,whichwillaffecttheirrespectivewaysofexpression—hypotaxisofthelatterandtheparataxisoftheformer;

furthermore,Chinesepeoplebelieveinintegrationwhilethewesternersbelievethattheindividualisthemostimportant.”（陈宏薇，1998：

28）

Thesetwofactorsproducegreatdifferencesincomposingaparagraphorasentence,oreveninchoosingasubjecttodescribe,whichcausesgreatdifficultyfortranslatorstoproduceauthentictranslatedversion.Butfortunately,somanyexcellenttranslators,despitethedifficulties,whoappropriatelyandaccuratelyusepropermeans,whoarebroadlyanddeeplyawareofbotheasternandwesterncultures,andwhohaveathoroughunderstandingofdifferentthoughtstylesofthewesternersandtheeasterners,areproducinggreattranslatedversions.

2.ThespecificanalysisofbarrierstoEnglish-Chinesetranslationfromtheperspectivesofculturalbackgroundandthoughtstyle

2.1Fromtheperspectiveofculturalbackground

Culturehasalwaysbeenthefactorthataffectstranslationmost.Differentcountriesdeveloptheirspecificculturesintheprocessofhistory.Languageistheembodimentofculture,andindealingwiththetranslationoftheoriginalversion,whatismostimportantofallistodealwiththeelementofculture.Consequently,goodmanagementofcultureisoneofthekeypointsindoingtranslation.Andinculture,idioms,enigmaticsayingsandallusionsarethemostculturallyspecificexpressionsthatcausegreatdifficultiesfortranslators.Dealingwiththeseisdifficultbutnecessary.Ablindpursuitoftheintegrationofformandcontent,andtheword-for-wordtranslationoftheoriginalversion,arepossiblyawrongoradistorteddeliveryoftheimageandtheartisticeffectoftheoriginalversion.Furthermore,differentculturalbackgroundsmakelanguageuserschoosedifferentsubjectsindescribingthesamething.Awellhandlingofthedifferentchoicesofsubjectsindifferentlanguagesisindispensableforthetranslationofalanguagewithspecificculture.Theobjectivityofculturalbackgrounddiversitiesmakesitimpossibletogetridofit,butpossibletoovercomeitandtorightlydeliverthemeaning.Theaimofthispartistoanalyzethetranslationofthisquintessencefromtheperspectivesofidioms,enigmaticsayingsandallusions,andtodosomeattemptstoovercomethesedifficulties.

2.1.1Thetranslationofidioms

Anidiomis“aphraseorasentencewhosemeaningisnotclearfromthemeaningofitsindividualwords,andwhichmustbelearntasawholeunit”（Hornby，2002：

734）.Itisproduced,alwaysinahistoricalstory,inwhichsomeofthewordsorexpressionsaretakenouttobeused,spreadanddeliveredtoourmodernsociety.Thenidiomisboundtobeoneoftheproductsofhistoricalculture,andveryculturallyspecific,andtosomedegree,untranslatable.Thefollowingexamplesaimatfindingoutsomepropermethodstoovercomethedifficultiesinidiomtranslation.

a.守口如瓶

ABottleis“aglassorplasticcontainer,usuallywithanarrowneckusedforstoringliquids”（Hornby，2002：

154）.Itisadoptedtoindicateagoodcharacterofkeepingpromise,nottellingotherpeoplethesecretuntildeath.Somepeopletranslateitinto“keepone’smouthasaflask”,whichisatypicalliteraltranslation.AsanativeChinese,ifgiventhemeaningsofafewwords,oneiseasytounderstandthetranslation,whileforanativeEnglish,ifnotgivenChineseculturalbackground,oneisimpossibletounderstandit.ForreadersofthetranslatedversionareEnglish-speakingpeopleinsteadofChinesepeople,theabovetranslationisafailure.ItisdifficultforpeopleinEnglish-speakingcountriestounderstandhowthe“flask”isusedtodescribeone’scharacterofkeepingpromise,sothetranslatedversionfailedtodelivertheconnotationoftheoriginalversion.Insteadofusingflask,theyuse“oyster”todescribethischaracter,th