英语一完形真题.docx
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英语一完形真题
2010英语一
In1924America’sNationalResearchCouncilsenttwoengineerstosuperviseaseriesofexperimentsatatelephone-partsfactorycalledtheHawthornePlantnearChicago.Ithopedtheywouldlearnhowshop-floorlighting1workers’productivity.Instead,thestudiesended
2givingtheirnametothe“Hawthorneeffect”,theextremelyinfluentialideathatthevery3
ofbeingexperimenteduponchangedsubjects’behavior.
Theideaarosebecauseofthe4behaviorofthewomenintheplant.Accordingto
5oftheexperiments,theirhourlyoutputrosewhenlightingwasincreased,butalsowhenitwas
dimmed.Itdidnot6whatwasdoneintheexperiment;7somethingwaschanged,
productivityrose.A（n）8thattheywerebeingexperimenteduponseemedtobe9
toalterworkers’behavior10itself.
Afterseveraldecades,thesamedatawere11toeconometricanalysis.TheHawthorne
experimentshadanothersurpriseinstore.12thedescriptionsonrecord,nosystematic
13wasfoundthatlevelsofproductivitywererelatedtochangesinlighting.
Itturnsoutthatthepeculiarwayofconductingtheexperimentsmayhaveledto14
interpretationsofwhathappened.15,lightingwasalwayschangedonaSunday.When
workstartedagainonMonday,output16rosecomparedwiththepreviousSaturdayand
17toriseforthenextcoupleofdays.18,acomparisonwithdataforweekswhenthere
wasnoexperimentationshowedthatoutputalwayswentuponMondays.Workers19to
bediligentforthefirstfewdaysoftheweekinanycase,before20aplateauandthen
slackeningoff.Thissuggeststhatthealleged“Hawthorneeffect”ishardtopindown.
1.[A]affected
[B]achieved
[C]extracted
[D]restored
2.[A]at
[B]up
[C]with
[D]off
3.[A]truth
[B]sight
[C]act
[D]proof
4.[A]controversial
[B]perplexing
[C]mischievous
[D]ambiguous
5.[A]requirements
[B]explanations
[C]accounts
[D]assessments
6.[A]conclude
[B]matter
[C]indicate
[D]work
7.[A]asfaras
[B]forfearthat
[C]incasethat
[D]solongas
8.[A]awareness
[B]expectation
[C]sentiment
[D]illusion
9.[A]suitable
[B]excessive
[C]enough
[D]abundant
10.[A]about
[B]for
[C]on
[D]by
11.[A]compared
[B]shown
[C]subjected
[D]conveyed
12.[A]Contraryto
[B]Consistentwith
[C]Parallelwith
[D]Peculiarto
13.[A]evidence
[B]guidance
[C]implication
[D]source
14.[A]disputable
[B]enlightening
[C]reliable
[D]misleading
15.[A]Incontrast
[B]Forexample
[C]Inconsequence
[D]Asusual
16.[A]duly
[B]accidentally
[C]unpredictably
[D]suddenly
17.[A]failed
[B]ceased
[C]started
[D]continued
18.[A]Therefore
[B]Furthermore
[C]However
[D]Meanwhile
19.[A]attempted
[B]tended
[C]chose
[D]intended
20.[A]breaking
[B]climbing
[C]surpassing
[D]hitting
2011英语一
AncientGreekphilosopherAristotleviewedlaughteras“abodilyexerciseprecioustohealth.”But1someclaimstothecontrary,laughingprobablyhaslittleinfluenceonphysicalfitness.
Laughterdoes2short-termchangesinthefunctionoftheheartanditsbloodvessels,3
heartrateandoxygenconsumption.Butbecausehardlaughterisdifficultto4,agoodlaugh
isunlikelytohave5benefitstheway,say,walkingorjoggingdoes.
6,insteadofstrainingmusclestobuildthem,asexercisedoes,laughterapparently
accomplishesthe7.Studiesdatingbacktothe1930sindicatethatlaughter8
muscles,decreasingmuscletoneforupto45minutesafterthelaughdiesdown.
Suchbodilyreactionmightconceivablyhelp9theeffectsofpsychologicalstress.
Anyway,theactoflaughingprobablydoesproduceothertypesof10feedbackthat
improveanindividual’semotionalstate.11oneclassicaltheoryofemotion,ourfeelings
arepartiallyrooted12physicalreactions.Itwasarguedattheendofthe19thcenturythat
humansdonotcry13theyaresadbutthattheybecomesadwhenthetearsbegintoflow.
Althoughsadnessalso14tears,evidencesuggeststhatemotionscanflow15
muscularresponses.Inanexperimentpublishedin1988,socialpsychologistFritzStrackoftheUniversityofWürzburginGermanyaskedvolunteersto16apeneitherwiththeirteeth—
therebycreatinganartificialsmile—orwiththeirlips,whichwouldproducea（n）17
expression.Thoseforcedtoexercisetheirsmilingmuscles18moreenthusiasticallyto
funnycartoonsthandidthosewhosemouthswerecontractedinafrown,19that
expressionsmayinfluenceemotionsratherthanjusttheotherwayaround.20,thephysical
actoflaughtercouldimprovemood.
1.[A]among
[B]except
[C]despite
[D]like
2.[A]reflect
[B]demand
[C]indicate
[D]produce
3.[A]stabilizing
[B]boosting
[C]impairing
[D]determining
4.[A]transmit
[B]sustain
[C]evaluate
[D]observe
5.[A]measurable
[B]manageable
[C]affordable
[D]renewable
6.[A]Inturn
[B]Infact
[C]Inaddition
[D]Inbrief
7.[A]opposite
[B]impossible
[C]average
[D]expected
8.[A]hardens
[B]weakens
[C]tightens
[D]relaxes
9.[A]aggravate
[B]generate
[C]moderate
[D]enhance
10.[A]physical
[B]mental
[C]subconscious
[D]internal
11.[A]Exceptfor
[B]Accordingto
[C]Dueto
[D]Asfor
12.[A]with
[B]on
[C]in
[D]at
13.[A]unless
[B]until
[C]if
[D]because
14.[A]exhausts
[B]follows
[C]precedes
[D]suppresses
15.[A]into
[B]from
[C]towards
[D]beyond
16.[A]fetch
[B]bite
[C]pick
[D]hold
17.[A]disappointed
[B]excited
[C]joyful
[D]indifferent
18.[A]adapted
[B]catered
[C]turned
[D]reacted
19.[A]suggesting
[B]requiring
[C]mentioning
[D]supposing
20.[A]Eventually
[B]Consequently
[C]Similarly
[D]Conversely
2012英语一
TheethicaljudgmentsoftheSupremeCourtjusticeshavebecomeanimportantissuerecently.Thecourtcannot1itslegitimacyasguardianoftheruleoflaw2justicesbehave
likepoliticians.Yet,inseveralinstances,justicesactedinwaysthat3thecourt’sreputation
forbeingindependentandimpartial.
JusticeAntoninScalia,forexample,appearedatpoliticalevents.Thatkindofactivitymakesitlesslikelythatthecourt’sdecisionswillbe4asimpartialjudgments.Partoftheproblem
isthatthejusticesarenot5byanethicscode.Attheveryleast,thecourtshouldmakeitself
6tothecodeofconductthat7totherestofthefederaljudiciary.
Thisandothersimilarcases8thequestionofwhetherthereisstilla9
betweenthecourtandpolitics.
TheframersoftheConstitutionenvisionedlaw10havingauthorityapartfrompolitics.
Theygavejusticespermanentpositions11theywouldbefreeto12thoseinpower
andhavenoneedto13politicalsupport.Ourlegalsystemwasdesignedtosetlawapart
frompoliticspreciselybecausetheyaresoclosely14.
Constitutionallawispoliticalbecauseitresultsfromchoicesrootedinfundamentalsocial
15likelibertyandproperty.Whenthecourtdealswithsocialpolicydecisions,thelawit16
isinescapablypolitical—whichiswhydecisionssplitalongideologicallinesaresoeasily17
asunjust.
Thejusticesmust18doubtsaboutthecourt’slegitimacybymakingthemselves
19tothecodeofconduct.Thatwouldmaketheirrulingsmorelikelytobeseenasseparate
frompoliticsand,20,convincingaslaw.
1.[A]emphasize
[B]maintain
[C]modify
[D]recognize
2.[A]when
[B]lest
[C]before
[D]unless
3.[A]restored
[B]weakened
[C]established
[D]eliminated
4.[A]challenged
[B]compromised
[C]suspected
[D]accepted
5.[A]advanced
[B]caught
[C]bound
[D]founded
6.[A]resistant
[B]subject
[C]immune
[D]prone
7.[A]resorts
[B]sticks
[C]leads
[D]applies
8.[A]evade
[B]raise
[C]deny
[D]settle
9.[A]line
[B]barrier
[C]similarity
[D]conflict
10.[A]by
[B]as
[C]through
[D]towards
11.[A]so
[B]since
[C]provided
[D]though
12.[A]serve
[B]satisfy
[C]upset
[D]replace
13.[A]confirm
[B]express
[C]cultivate
[D]offer
14.[A]guarded
[B]followed
[C]studied
[D]tied
15.[A]concepts
[B]theories
[C]divisions
[D]conventions
16.[A]excludes
[B]questions
[C]shapes
[D]controls
17.[A]dismissed
[B]released
[C]ranked
[D]distorted
18.[A]suppress
[B]exploit
[C]address
[D]ignore
19.[A]accessible
[B]amiable
[C]agreeable
[D]accountable
20.[A]byallmeans
[B]atallcosts
[C]inaword
[D]asaresult
2013英语一
Peopleare,onthewhole,pooratconsideringbackgroundinformationwhenmakingindividualdecisions.Atfirstglancethismightseemlikeastrengththat1theabilitytomake
judgmentswhichareunbiasedby2factors.ButDr.UriSimonsohnspeculatedthatan
inabilitytoconsiderthebig3wasleadingdecision-makerstobebiasedbythedaily
samplesofinformationtheywereworkingwith.4,hetheorisedthatajudge5of
appearingtoosoft6crimemightbemorelikelytosendsomeonetoprison7he
hadalreadysentencedfiveorsixotherdefendantsonlytoforcedcommunityserviceonthatday.To8thisidea,heturnedtotheuniversity-admissionsprocess.Intheory,the9
ofanapplicantshouldnotdependonthefewothers10randomlyforinterviewduringthe
sameday,butDr.Simonsohnsuspectedthetruthwas11.
Hestudiedtheresultsof9,323MBAinterviews,12by31admissionsofficers.The
interviewershad13applicantsonascaleofonetofive.Thisscale14numerous
factorsintoconsideration.Thescoreswere15usedinconjunctionwithanapplicant’sscore
ontheGraduateManagementAdmissionTest,orGMAT,astandardizedexamwhichis16
outof800points,tomakeadecisiononwhethertoaccepthimorher.
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