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财政赤字fiscaldeficit
财政挤银行fiscalpressureonthecentralbank（overmonetarypolicy）
财政政策与货币政策的配合coordinationoffiscalandmonetarypolicies
采取循序渐进的方法inaphasedandsequencedmanner
操作弹性operationalflexibility
操纵汇率tomanipulateexchangerate
产品构成productcomposition;
productmix
产品积压stockpile;
excessiveinventory
产销率currentperiodinventory;
（即期库存，不含前期库存）sales/outputratio
产销衔接marketability
产业政策industrialpolicy
长期国债treasurybonds
敞口头寸openposition
炒股tospeculateinthestockmarket
承购包销underwrite（securities）
成套机电产品completesetsofequipment;
completeplant（s）
城市信用社urbancreditcooperatives（UCCs）
城市合作银行urbancooperativebanks;
municipalunitedbanks
城市商业银行municipalcommercialbanks
城乡居民收入增长超过物价涨幅realgrowthinhouseholdincome
持续升温persistentoverheating
重复布点duplicateprojects
重置成本replacementcost
重组计划restructuringplan
筹资渠道fundingsources;
financingchannels
初见成效initialsuccess
出口统一管理、归口经营canalizationofexports
出口退税exporttaxrebate
储蓄存款householddeposits（不完全等同于西方的savingsdeposits，前者包括活期存款，后者不包括。
）
储蓄分流diversionofhouseholddeposits
储源萎缩declineintheavailabilityofhouseholdsavings
传导机制transmissionmechanism
从价税advaloremtax
从紧控制tightcontrol
存贷款比例loan/depositratio
存款保险体系depositinsurancesystem
存款货币银行depositmoneybanks
存款准备金requiredreserves
D
打白条issueIOU
大额存单certificateofdeposit（CD）
大额提现withdrawdepositsinlargeamounts
大面积滑坡wide-spreaddecline
大一统的银行体制（all-in-one）mono-banksystem
呆账（请见“坏账”）badloans
呆账准备金loanlossreserves（provisions）
呆滞贷款idleloans
贷款沉淀non-performingloans
贷款分类loanclassification
贷款限额管理creditcontrol;
toimposecreditceiling
贷款约束机制creditdisciplinary（constraint）mechanism
代理国库toactasfiscalagent
代理金融机构贷款makeloansonbehalfofotherinstitutions
戴帽贷款ear-markedloans
倒逼机制reversedtransmissionofthepressureforeasingmonetarycondition
道德风险moralhazard
地区差别regionaldisparity
第一产业theprimaryindustry
第二产业thesecondaryindustry
第三产业theserviceindustry;
thetertiaryindustry
递延资产deferrableassets
订货不足insufficientorders
定期存款timedeposits
定向募集raisingfundsfromtargetedsources
东道国（请见“母国”）hostcountry
独立核算independentaccounting
短期国债treasurybills
对冲操作sterilizationoperation;
hedging
对非金融部门债权claimsonnon-financialsector
多种所有制形式diversifiedownership
E
恶性通货膨胀hyperinflation
二级市场secondarymarket
F
发行货币toissuecurrency
发行总股本totalstockissue
法定准备金requiredreserves;
reserverequirement
法人股institutionalshares
法人股东institutionalshareholders
法治ruleoflaw
房地产投资realestateinvestment
放松银根toeasemonetarypolicy
非现场稽核off-sitesurveillance（ormonitoring）
非银行金融机构non-bankfinancialinstitutions
非赢利性机构non-profitorganizations
分税制assignmentofcentralandlocaltaxes;
taxassignmentsystem
分业经营segregationoffinancialbusiness（services）;
divisionofbusinessscopebasedonthetypeoffinancialinstitutions
风险暴露（风险敞口）riskexposure
风险管理riskmanagement
风险意识riskawareness
风险资本比例risk-weightedcapitalratios
风险资本标准risk-basedcapitalstandard
服务事业收入publicservicecharges;
user'
scharges
扶贫povertyalleviation
负增长negativegrowth
复式预算制double-entrybudgeting;
capitalandcurrentbudgetaryaccount
G
改革试点reformexperimentation
杠杆率leverageratio
杠杆收购leveragedbuyout
高息集资toraisefundsbyofferinghighinterest
个人股non-institutionalshares
根本扭转fundamentalturnaround（orreversal）
公开市场操作openmarketoperations
公款私存depositpublicfundsinpersonalaccounts
公用事业publicutilities
公有经济thestate-ownedsector;
thepublicsector
公有制publicownership
工业成本利润率profit-to-costratio
工业增加值industrialvalueadded
供大于求supplyexceedingdemand;
excessivesupply
鼓励措施incentives
股份合作企业joint-equitycooperativeenterprises
股份制企业joint-equityenterprises
股份制银行joint-equitybanks
固定资产贷款fixedassetloans
关税减免tariffreductionandexemption
关税减让tariffconcessions
关税优惠tariffincentives;
preferentialtarifftreatment
规范行为toregularize（orstandardize）…behavior
规模效益economiesofscale
国计民生nationalinterestandpeople'
slivelihood
国家对个人其他支出othergovernmentoutlaystoindividuals
国家风险countryrisk
国际分工internationaldivisionoflabor
国际收支balanceofpayments
国有独资商业银行whollystate-ownedcommercialbanks
国有经济（部门）thestate-owned（orpublic）sector
国有企业state-ownedenterprises（SOEs）
国有制state-ownership
国有资产流失erosionofstateassets
国债回购governmentsecuritiesrepurchase
国债一级自营商primaryunderwritersofgovernmentsecurities
过度竞争excessivecompetition
过度膨胀excessiveexpansion
过热迹象signsofoverheating
H
合理预期rationalexpectation
核心资本corecapital
合资企业joint-ventureenterprises
红利dividend
宏观经济运营良好soundmacroeconomicperformance
宏观经济基本状况macroeconomicfundamentals
宏观调控macroeconomicmanagement（oradjustment）
宏观调控目标macroeconomicobjectives（ortargets）
坏账baddebt
还本付息debtservice
换汇成本unitexportcost;
localcurrencycostofexportearnings
汇兑在途fundsinfloat
汇兑支出advancepaymentofremittancebythebeneficiary'
sbank
汇率并轨unificationofexchangerates
活期存款demanddeposits
汇率失调exchangeratemisalignment
混合所有制diversified（mixed）ownership
货币政策态势monetarypolicystance
货款拖欠overdueobligationstosuppliers
J
基本建设投资investmentininfrastructure
基本经济要素economicfundamentals
基本适度broadlyappropriate
经济金融术语汉英对照表（续表二）
所有者权益owner'
sequity
T
逃税（请见“避税”）taxevasion
套汇
（1）指合法：
currencyswap;
arbitrage
（2）指非法：
illegalpurchaseofforeignexchange
剔除季节性因素seasonallyadjusted
调节流动性toinfluenceliquiditylevel
贴现窗口discountwindow
同比onyear-on-yearbasis;
overthesameperiodofthepreviousyear
同业拆借（放）inter-bankborrowing（lending）
同业拆借市场利率（中国）CHIBOR（Chinainter-bankofferedrate）
同业融通票据inter-bankfinancingbills
同业往来inter-banktransactions
透支overdraft
退税taxrefund（rebate）
头寸position
吞吐基础货币adjustmentofmonetarybase
脱媒现象disintermediation
W
外部审计externalaudit
外国直接投资foreigndirectinvestment（FDI）
外汇储备foreignexchangereserves
外汇调剂foreignexchangeswap
外汇占款theRMBcounterpartofforeignexchangereserves;
theRMBequivalentofoffcialforeignexchangeholdings
外向型经济export-orientedeconomy
外债externaldebt
外资企业foreign-fundedenterprises
完善现代企业制度toimprovethemodernenterprisesystem
完税凭证taxpaymentdocumentation
违法经营illegalbusiness
委托存款entrusteddeposits
稳步增长steadygrowth
稳健的银行系统asoundbankingsystem
稳中求进tomakeprogresswhileensuringstability
无纸交易book-entry（orpaperless/scriptless）transaction
物价监测pricemonitoring
X
吸纳流动性toabsorbliquidity
稀缺经济scarcityeconomy
洗钱moneylaundering
系统内调度fundallocationwithinabank
系统性金融危机systemicfinancialcrisis
下岗工人laid-offemployees
下游企业down-streamenterprises
现场稽核on-siteexamination
现金滞留（居民手中）cashheldoutsidethebankingsystem
乡镇企业townshipandvillageenterprises（TVEs）
消费物价指数consumerpriceindex（CPI）
消费税excise（consumption）tax
消灭财政赤字tobalancethebudget;
toeliminatefiscaldeficit
销货款回笼reflowofcorporatesalesincometothebankingsystem
销售平淡lacklustersales
协议外资金额committedamountofforeigninvestment
新经济增长点newsourcesofeconomicgrowth
新开工项目newprojects;
newlystartedprojects
新增贷款incrementalcredit;
loanincrement;
creditgrowth;
creditexpansion
新增就业位置newjobs;
newjobopportunities
信贷规模考核reviewthecompliancewithcreditceilings
信号失真distortedsignals
信托投资公司trustandinvestmentcompanies
信息不对称informationasymmetry
信息反馈feedback（information）
信息共享系统informationsharingsystem
信息披露informationdisclosure
信用扩张credirexpansion
信用评级creditrating
姓“资”还是姓“社”pertainingtosocialismorcapitalism;
socialistorcaptialist
行政措施administrativemeasures
需求膨胀demandexpansion;
excessivedemand
虚伪存款window-dressingdeposits
削减冗员toshedexcesslaborforce
寻租rentseeking
迅速反弹quickrebound
Y
养老基金pensionfund
一刀切universalapplication;
non-discretionaryimplementation
一级市场primarymarket
应收未收利息overdueinterest
银行网点bankingoutlets
赢利能力profitability
营业税businesstax
硬贷款（商业贷款）commercialloans
用地审批tograntlanduseright
有管理的浮动汇率managedfloatingexchangerate
证券投资portfolioinvestment
游资（热钱）hotmoney
有市场的产品marketableproducts
有效供给effectivesupply
诱发新一轮经济扩张triggeranewroundofeconomicexpansion
逾期贷款overdueloans;
past-dueloans
与国际惯例接轨tobecomecompatiblewithinternationallyaccepted
与国际市场接轨tointegratewiththeworldmarket
预算外支出（收入）off-budget（extra-budgetary）expenditure（revenue）
预调pre-emptiveadjustment
月环比onamonth-on-monthbasis;
onamonthlybasis
Z
再贷款centralbanklending
在国际金融机构储备头寸reservepositionininternationalfinancialinstitutions
在人行存款depositsat（with）thecentralbank
在途资金fundinfloat
增加农业投入toincreaseinvestmentinagriculture
增势减缓decelerationofgrowth;
moderationofgrowthmomentum
增收节支措施revenue-enhancingandexpenditurecontrolmeasures
增长平稳steadygrowth
增值税value-addedtax（VAT）
涨幅偏高higher-than-desirablegrowthrate;
excessivegrowth
账外账concealedaccounts
折旧depreciation
整顿retrenchment;
consolidation
政策工具policyinstrument
政策性业务policy-relatedoperations
政策性银行policybanks
政策组合policymix
政府干预governmentintervention
证券交易清算settlementofsecuritiestransactions
证券业务占款fundingofse
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