江苏中考英语阅读类题型专题04首字母阅读专项突破江苏中考英语阅读类题型专项突破原卷版Word文档格式.docx
《江苏中考英语阅读类题型专题04首字母阅读专项突破江苏中考英语阅读类题型专项突破原卷版Word文档格式.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《江苏中考英语阅读类题型专题04首字母阅读专项突破江苏中考英语阅读类题型专项突破原卷版Word文档格式.docx(8页珍藏版)》请在冰点文库上搜索。
l知识点:
首字母填空的考查范围和中考趋势从近几年的考题来看,短文填空题所考查的单词涉及的词性范围较广,几乎涉及到了十大词类;
文中所涉及的语言知识面较宽,学生需运用已学过的词法、句法及常用词组、短语、惯用法等知识进行具体分析后再答题,有一定的难度。
文章短小、精致,字数通常在100~150之间。
短文的体裁不一,有记叙文、说明文、议论文等。
短文题材丰富,内容通俗易懂,与现代生活紧密相关,如:
英国人分期付款购房;
度假回来的路上买家具的小故事;
食物对不同年龄段的人的不同影响;
被驯化的动物可以为人们做事情等,可读性、趣味性强,符合初中生的认知特点。
首字母填空的解题基本步骤1.通读短文全文,抓住高频词,把握大意短文中虽有一些词,但不影响对文章主要内容的理解。
在初步阅读中,可以跳过空格,尽量捕捉文章所提供的内容信息,以及语法结构方面的提示,有助于下一步的分析与判断。
2.确定词性,缩小选词范围通读全文、掌握大意后,瞻前顾后,结合空格前后的内容,从语法、句法及固定搭配等方面,确定空格所填词性。
从文意中找出句与文、句与句、词与句、词与词之间的关系,尤其是一些不易察觉的、隐含的微妙关系,用已知信息去获取信息,以便初步确定词性。
如(money)n.,处可能填写的词性?
具体到文章,联系上下文,结合句子成分等语法可得:
处可以填写v./prep./adj./n./art.earnmoneyformoney(workformoney)以此类推,要缜密的分析,然后确定词性;
3.仔细推敲,判断题目类型并选出正确词汇词性判断正确,大大缩小选词范围,重要的一步是分析题目类型。
所谓题目类型指的是题目的考察能力及内容。
1)语法题:
考查学生的语法技能,如theboyaskedmeloudlywhewouldbeofferedthejob.宾语从句的引导词,whether;
2)句法题:
句法题,主要从句子成分的角度判定所填词汇;
如theboy___smeloudlywhethinksisthekeypoint.宾语从句的引导词,what;
3)逻辑题:
考查学生的逻辑推理及理解能力;
Amonthlater,Christopherhadn’theardfromJefforreceivedanymoney,s_________hephonedhim.注意句子前后句间的逻辑关系,这里是因果关系,所以填so;
4)上下文语意题:
主要从句子成分的角度判定所填词汇;
5)常识题:
如BerlinisthecoftheunitedGermany.依常识可知柏林是德国的首都,因此答案为:
capital;
6)固定搭配题:
如iof;
空格出应填写instead。
4.确定词汇的正确形式词选对了,并不代表正确答案,而要再次确定是否是填写的正确形式。
如果是名词,应注意其数的变化及所有格的变化;
如果是动词,需注意根据其在句中的语法功能确定其正确的时态、语态及非谓语动词形式;
如果是形容词、副词,要注意其级的变化;
如果是代词,要注意其主格与宾格、形容词性与名词性物主代词、反身代词等的变化;
如果是连词,要注意其在并列句、状语从句、宾语从句中的用法等。
5.注意首字母填空中的关键性小词or/and/butor/and前后的词性一致,词义相反或相近;
happyandcheerful;
sadnessandhappiness;
but前后的词性一致,词义相反。
6.复读全文,全面检查答题完毕后复读全文,进行核查是必不可少的。
做完题后,一定要认真检查,尽量减少粗心所致的笔误或拼写错误,对有疑问的地方,更要根据文章的内容、上下文的语法结构、逻辑发展进行反复斟酌,这样才能尽量避免失分。
填完所有单词后,不可孤立地逐个词检查,而应复读全文,仔细检查自己所填的词是否符合文章的情景内容,读起来是否顺畅,是否合乎句法,单词拼写是否有误,单词形式是否正确等,发现问题及时更正。
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首字母填空之解题技巧1.依据习惯用法与固定搭配,填出简单项例1:
HoustonpassedaonFebruary11,xx.Thecauseofherdeathisstillunknown.例2:
Insomecultures,h,receivingmoneycanmakepeopleunfortable.例3:
Ionlyhopetyouhaveenoughloveandfriendsthatyouwillhaveashouldertocryonwhenyouneedit.“例4:
Often,yourheadacheisfromyourtoomucha81paidtoonething.2.依据词性填写:
注意词性变化,时态,语态名词:
要点注意名词单复数和属格判断填写名词的基本方法:
名词区别于其他此类的基本特征即是:
名词前可以加上冠词。
学科网]例1:
Shedidn’tfeelhappywithherhusband.Thecoftenquarreledorevenfoughtwitheachotherandshebegantotakedrugs(毒品).例2:
Ifsomeonehasthoughtaboutagforme,italwaysmakesmehappy.”例3:
Carrotsaregrownonfarmsandinsmallfamilygardensallovertheworld.Itisoneofthemostpopularsweetv.例4:
LiFengquicklypickedituptoanswerthecall.Itwasfromagoodfriendofhism.动词:
需要注意时态、语态及非谓语动词判断是否是动词的基本方法:
不管句子的类型如何,英语中每个句子都有一个核心动词,去掉充当句子修饰部分的“枝叶”,留下的骨干部分,看是否为一个完整的句子,是否缺少一个核心骨动词。
其他诸如助动词后加动词原形,情态动词须和动词等小的知识点不再赘述,在讲解动词专题时带着详述。
例1:
HoustonbegansingingwithNewJerseychurch’schoir(唱诗班)atage11.Later,shebeganperformingwithhermotherintheNewYorkCity,shewasdbyCliveDavis—headoftheAristaRecords.例2:
Drinkabottleofwarmwater.Manypeopledonotrthatthedryairintheirworkingplacecanbeadangerbecauseofthelack(缺少)ofwater.例3:
Therapyanimalsgointoh74andnursinghomes.Theseanimalslowerthestresslevelsofpeoplewhoareverysickorwhohavejusthadoperations.Theyalsoencouragepeopletorecover.形容词,副词:
需要注意比较级和最高级形容词用来修饰名词,位于名词前,代词,位置可前可后,或者出现在系动词后,构成系表结构;
若出现the____+名词,even___或___than...一般可认为是形容词,根据是形容词区别于其他词类的特性(比较级或最高级)。
副词和形容词相似,也有比较级和最高级,一般用来修饰动词。
但是程度副词,频率副词等往往也是考查重点。
常考的副词有:
表强调的副词only,even,especially,still,also,always,almost,already;
表否定的hardly,never,seldom,rarely等;
句中用逗号隔开的however,句后的again,together,altogether,instead,soon,anywhere等,句前的sometimes,usually等。
平时同学们在做题时多留心,多总结高频出现的词,对增加做题的信心很有帮助。
Thewomanexplainedthatshewasb68andthatthedogHamptonactedashereyes,helpinghernavigate(引导)herwaya69thecity.例2:
Hamptonism71thanapet.HehelpsmedothethingsthatIneedtodointhecity,”thewomanexplained.例3:
Warmdaysandcoolnightsarethebtimetogrowgreattastycarrots.Thequickestwaytoknowifacarrotisreadytobeharvested(收获)istoseeitscolor.(xx年南京白下区一模)例4:
Alanawasonthedietortwomonths.Herdoctorwaspleasedwithher.“Youhavebeenverygood,”hesaid“Youcaneatsomeofthefoodsyoulikebest.Butonlyalittle.Don’teattoomanysweets….Ifyoudo,youwillgetalotofweighta_________.…“Butwhenyoueatit,itmakesyousick.It’snotagoodfoodforyou.”“Youareright,”saidFrank.“Well,I’lleatmorecakei_________.代词:
注意人称代词,物主代词,和反身代词在首字母填空中常填的是不定代词和反身代词,我们如果能够正确地分析句子所缺成分,这类填词很容易得分。
另外,代词的填写主要集中在人称代词,物主代词以及反身代词。
“Whensomeonegivesmemoney,itjustmakesmethinkthey’rebeinglazy,”saysJohnWilson.“InEngland,wehaveasaying:
It’sthethoughtthatcounts.Whensgivesmemoney,itjustmakesmethinkthey’rebeinglazy,”saysJohnWilson.例2:
E_________wentwrongatthestation.Peoplewerelateandtheywerepanicking(惊恐)!
例3:
Ifyoucan’tgettosleepafterhalfanhour,getupanddos__________quiet,likereading.连词:
注意在复合句中的用法连词在首字母填空中经常出现,是用来连接一个从句的,在分析确定填连词后,翻译一下上下句,连词就可以确定了。
常考的连词有b开头的but,because,before;
u开头的until和unless;
wh-的宾语从句的连接词;
以及although,though,so等。
判断是否为连词,看两个句子是否为完整的句子,若完整,再看两个句子之间的关系:
并列,转折等,从而选择相应的连词;
有些既是副词又是连词的词(如:
when),注意平时此类词在首字母填空中的常考词性。
TsomepeoplewerenotsatisfiedwithHouston’sacting,thefilmwasagreatsuess,makingmorethan$410millionworldwide.例2:
However,helostheartw_______alovelyyoungwomanopenedthedoor.例3:
Amonthlater,Christopherhadn’theardfromJefforreceivedanymoney,s_________hephonedhim.例4:
Andevenifyouaren’tveryrich,youwantpeopletothinkthatyouare.Thatisw_________“KeepingupwiththeJoneses”isabout.近三年九年级上期末首字母汇编年份/区域主题文章类型xx-2018玄武Athree-daymunicationforChineseSpringFestival议论文xx-2018鼓楼SpringFestival[:
学,科,网Z,X,X,K]夹叙夹议类xx-xx玄武Shyness记叙文xx-xx鼓楼Honestyordishonesty议论文xx-xx玄武Tolerance议论文xx-xx鼓楼Waterorfoodforastronauts议论文【xx-2018学年南京市玄武区九年级上学期期末】Athree-daycelebrationfortheingChineseSpringFestivalstartedlastSaturdayincentralJapanesecityofNagoya.Thecelebrationwash_____66____onHisayaSquareindowntownNagoya,whereredlanternsandf_____67____werehunghighandpeoplecheeredinafestivalatmosphere.Arecordhighof78booths(展台)weresetuparoundthesquare,sellingtraditionalChinesefoods,i____68_____dumplings,sugar-coatedhawsandothers.An______69___ofChineseandJapaneseartistsperformed(表演)onanamazingstagesetupatoneendofthesquare,suchasface-changingstuntofSichuanopera,acrobaticsandliondances.“SpringFestivalisatraditionalh_____70____inChinatocelebratetheLunarNewYear.Itishopedthatthefestivalcelebrationsherewouldimprovebothunderstandingandf_____71____betweenpeopleinChinaandJapan,”saidDengWei,ChineseconsulgeneralinNagoya.IchiroHirosawa,vicemayorofNagyacity,saidtheSpringFestivalcelebrationsherehaveattractedplentyofv_____72____fromNagoyaandneighboringareasandhavep____73_____greatchancesforJapanesepeopletogetintouchwithChineseculture.OverseasChinesehavebeenholdingChineseLunarNewYearcelebrationsinNagoyas___74______xx.Thecelebrationhasbeeanimportantplatform(平台)forl___75______peopletolearnmoreaboutChinesecultureandimprovebothunderstandingandculturalexchangesbetweencentralJapanandChina.【xx-2018学年南京市鼓楼区九年级上学期期末】Teachersandstudentsareveryhappy.Why?
Becausethewinterholidayisingandthemostimportantt86festival,SpringFestivalisalsoontheway.Atpresent,moreandmoreChinesefocusonthetraditionalfestivals,whichbelongtoallChinesepeoplewithstrongChinesecolor.A87them,SpringFestivalisthemostimportant.Itfallsonthef88dayinthelunarcalendar.Sinceitisattheendofwinterandthebeginningofspring,peoplecallitSpringFestival.Chinesehavemanytraditionalcustomsrelatingtoit.Since23rdDecemberinlunarcalendar,peoplestarttop89fortheevent.Everyfamilywilldosomecleaning,dotheirSpringFestivals90insupermarkets,decoratetheirhouses,putupSpringFestivalcoupletsandalsogetreadyallkindsoffoodforthebigfarewelldinneronNewYear’sEve.NewYear’sEveisthetimeforallthefamilymemberstog91tohaveabigdinner,talkingandlaughinguntildaybreak,whichiscalled“stayinguptoseetheyearout”.Everyyear,theSpringFestivalGalaonCCTViscoveredl92.Manypeoplelookforwardtowatchingit.PeoplecantakepartintheguessinggamesthroughWeChat,sendingtextm93andsoonwhentheyarewatchingthegala.S94offfireworksoncewasthefavouriteactivityofchildren.Aordingtothelegend,thiscoulddriveoffevilmonstercallednian.Withthedevelopmentofthetimes,somechangeshavetakenplace.Forexample,topreventenvironmentalp95,fireworksarenotallowedinmanybigcities.ForChineseathomeandabroad,theSpringFestivalisalwaysthemostimportant.【xx-xx学年南京市玄武区九年级上学期期末】You’restandingwithyourclassmates.E66istalkingexceptyou.Perhapsyou’reafraidtheywilllaughatwhenyousay.Maybeyoujustaren’tb67enoughtospeak.Shynessislikeasnakethatcrawls(爬进)intoourmouthands68usspeaking.Butweshouldn’tletitstaythere.Iam29yearsold.Eventoday,thatsnakestillsometimesv69me.WhenIwasinhighschool,IwassoshythatIwouldn’ttalktoa