最新 高考英语 阅读理解专题练习及答案100.docx

最新 高考英语 阅读理解专题练习及答案100.docx

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最新高考英语阅读理解专题练习及答案100

最新高考英语阅读理解专题练习及答案100

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

   ItookajourneytoNewYork,USseveralmonthsago.ItwasthefirsttimeIhadbeenabroad.ItwasalsothefirsttimeIhadtakenatripbymyself.Ihadgreatenthusiasmandhighhopes,andIwasn'tletdown.

   It'shardtodescribehowIfeltwhenIarrivedattheairportinNewYork.Lookingatpeopleofdifferentracesandnationalitiespassingbyandhearingdifferentlanguagesallaroundme,Icouldn'tsayanythingforalongtime.IhadneverunderstoodtheculturaldiversityoftheUSsoclearlyandcloselybefore.

   Thefollowingdayswereevenmoreimpressive.Weintegrated（融入）intotheforestofconcreteandcement（混凝土和水泥）.WewavedtotheStatueofLiberty;welookeddownatthebusyislandofManhattan;welookedatwell-knownuniversities—HarvardofancientEgypt.

   Thenwevisitedsomewell-knownuniversity—Harvard,Yale,PrincetonandColumbia—eachwithitsownappealingandtime-honoredhistory.Butwhatalltheseuniversitieshaveincommonistheirpeacefulacademicatmosphereswitchyoucouldfeeleverywhere.Iwasimpressedbythelibraries,decoratedjustlikecathedrals（教堂）,andthelaboratoriesjustnexttotheclassroom.Mydreamistoreturntothoseplacesasaninternationalstudent.

   Finallycameourdestinations—theModelUnitedNationsconferenceattheUniversityofChicago.StudentsfromvariouscountriesarrivedtoactasUnitedNationsdelegationsandsharetheiropinionsaboutglobalissues.

   Asanon-nativespeaker,Ifeltthatcompetingagainstnativespeakerswasaverytoughtask.ButitwasalsoararechangetoimprovemyEnglishandIcouldn'tthrowitaway.Withperseveranceanddevotion.Igotusedtotalkingtootherdelegationsnaturally.AlthoughIdidn'twinanyawards,thechairmanpraisedmeattheclosingceremonyformyexcellentperformance.Thatmademefeelreallyproud.

   Thistripbroughtmeunforgettableandvaluableexperiencesthatwillbenefitmeforever.

（1）Whatisthemainpurposeoftheauthor'sgoingtoAmerica?

A. Toseesomeplacesofinterest.                        

B. Tovisitsomewell-knownuniversities.

C. Toattendacompetitionatauniversity.         

D. Tolearnabouttheculturaldiversitythere.

（2）Howdidtheauthorfeelwhenhe/shesawtheculturaldiversityoftheUS?

A. Regretful.                         

B. Amazed.                         

C. Peaceful.                         

D. Confident.

（3）Whatistheauthor'swishinthefuture?

A. ToworkfortheUnitedNations.                 

B. Totourmorecountriesintheworld.

C. TohaveajobintheUnitedStates.             

D. TostudyinthefamousuniversitiesinAmerica.

（4）Whydidtheauthorfeelproud?

A. Hewonanawardinthecompetition.

B. Hewaspraisedbythechairman.

C. Hecouldpersuadeotherstoaccepthisopinions.

D. HecouldspeakEnglishwellattheconference.

【答案】

（1）C

（2）B

（3）D

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者去美国参加在一所大学里举行的比赛，对美国文化的多元化感到惊讶。

作者虽然没有获奖，但他被主席表扬因而感到自豪。

作者最大的愿望是在美国大学里学习。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据倒数第二段中的“Finallycameourdestinations—theModelUnitedNationsconferenceattheUniversityofChicago.StudentsfromvariouscountriesarrivedtoactasUnitedNationsdelegationsandsharetheiropinionsaboutglobalissues.”和倒数第一段中的“Asanon-nativespeaker,Ifeltthatcompetingagainstnativespeakerswasaverytoughtask.”可知，作者来美国的目的是为了在一所大学参加比赛。

故选C。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第二段中的“Lookingatpeopleofdifferentracesandnationalitiespassingbyandhearingdifferentlanguagesallaroundme,Icouldn'tsayanythingforalongtime.IhadneverunderstoodtheculturaldiversityoftheUSsoclearlyandcloselybefore.”可知，作者看到美国文化的多元化时感到惊讶。

故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第四段中的“Mydreamistoreturntothoseplacesasaninternationalstudent.”可知，作者最大的愿望是在美国大学里学习。

故选D。

（4）考查细节理解。

根据最后一段中的“AlthoughIdidn'twinanyawards,thechairmanpraisedmeattheclosingceremonyformyexcellentperformance.Thatmademefeelreallyproud.”可知，他被主席表扬因而感到自豪。

故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

   Citytreesgrowfasteranddieyoungerthantreesinruralforestry,anewstudyfinds.Overtheirlifetimes,then,urbantreeswilllikelyabsorblessCO2fromtheairthanforesttrees.

   Asweallknow,theearthwouldbefreezingorburninghotwithoutCO2.However,CO2isagreenhousegas,meaningittrapsenergyfromthesunas/heat.Thatmakestemperaturesnearthegroundrise.Humanactivities,especiallythewidespreadburning-offossil（化石）fuels,havebeensendingextragreenhousegasesintotheair.Thishasledtoariseinaveragetemperaturesacrosstheglobe.

   StudieshadshownforestsreadilyabsorbCO2,buttherehadn'tbeenmuchdataonwhethercitytreesgrow,dieandabsorbCO2atthesamerateasforesttreesdo.Sosomeresearchersdecidedtofindout.

   Tofigureouthowquicklytreesweregrowing,researcherstrackedtheirdiameters（thewidthoftheirtrunks）between2005and2014.Atree'sdiameterincreasesasitgrows,justasaperson'swaistsizeincreasesastheygainweight.Abouthalftheweightofatreeiscarbon,researchhasshown.Mostoftherestiswater.Overthenineyears'tracking,theresearchersfoundcitytreesabsorbedfourtimesasmuchcarbonfromtheairasforesttrees.However,theyweretwiceaslikelytodie.Sooverthelifetimeofeachtypeoftree,foresttreesactuallyabsorbedmoreCO2.

   Citytreesgrewfasterbecausetheyhadlesscompetitionforlightfromtheirneighbors.Inaforest，treestendtogrowclosetogether，shadingtheirneighbors.Streettreesalsobenefitfromhigherlevelsofnitrogen（氮）inrainwater.Nitrogenhelpsplantsgrow.Wastegasesfromgas-burningcarsalsocontainnitrogen,thusenrichingcityairwithnitrogen.Later,rainwatermaywashmuchofittotheground.Somestreettreesmayalsohavebetteraccesstowaterthantreesinthecountrybecausetheundergroundwaterpipescanleak.

（1）WhatcanheknownaboutCO2fromparagraph2?

A. Itisoneofthesideeffectsofgreenhouses.

B. Itgreatlyacceleratestheprocessofglobalwarming.

C. Itresultsfromthewidespreadburningoffossilfuels.

D. Itpreventstheearthfrombecomingunsuitabletoliveon.

（2）Whydidresearcherstrackthediametersoftrees?

A. Toknowabouttheirgrowthrates.                  

B. Tofindouthowmuchtheyweigh.

C. Tocheckwhethertheywerehealthy.              

D. Toassessthecarbonamountsinthem.

（3）Whatadvantagedocitytreeshaveoverforesttrees?

A. Theyaremorelikelytoaccessgrowthpromoters.

B. Theycanenjoymorewatercomingfromtheair.

C. Theycanenjoymoreshadefromneighbors.

D. Theyarebetteratcompetingforlight.

（4）Whatwillprobablybetalkedaboutifthepassageiscontinued?

A. Howurbantreescanlivelonger.                     B. Whycitylivingmakestreesdieyoung.

C. Howtreesrespondtodrysoilconditions.      D. Whyfaster-growingtreesabsorbmoreC02.

【答案】

（1）D

（2）A

（3）A

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。

一项新的研究发现：

与长在森林中的树木相比，城市里的树木长得更快，但死得更早。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第二段中的“theearthwouldbefreezingorburninghotwithoutCO2.”可知，如果没有二氧化碳，地球将会极冷或极热。

可以推断，二氧化碳可以防止地球变得不适合居住。

故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第四段中的“Tofigureonhowquicklytreesweregrowing,researcherstrackedtheirdiameters.”可知，研究人员监测树木的直径是为了了解树木的生长速度。

故选A。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据最后一段中的“Streettreesalsobenefitfromhigherlevelsofnitrogen（氮）inrainwater.Nitrogenhelpsplantsgrow.Wastegasesfromgas-burningcarsalsocontainnitrogen,thusenrichingcityairwithnitrogen.Later,rainwatermaywashmuchofittotheground.”可知，与生长在森林中的树木相比，城市里的树木长得更快是因为它们无需与邻近的树木争夺光照，也能得到更多的氮量，还更容易得到水。

光、氮和水都可以促进树木的生长。

由此可以推断，城市里的树木比森林中的树木更可能获得生长促进剂。

故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。

首句就提到了一项新的研究结果：

城市里的树木比森林中的树木长得更快，但死得更早；文章第三段说到“以前有研究表明森林会吸收二氧化碳，但是城市里的树木的生长、死亡和吸收二氧化碳的速度是否跟森林中的树木一样，这方面的数据不多。

因此一些研究人员决定弄清楚”；文章第四段再次介绍了他们的研究发现：

城市里的树木比森林中的树木长得更快，但死得更早；文章最后一段介绍了城市里的树木比森林中的树木生长得更快的几个原因。

由此可以推断，文章接下来很可能就要介绍城市里的树木死得更早的原因。

故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

   Peoplehavegrowntalleroverthelastcentury,withSouthKoreanwomenshootingupbymorethan20cmonaverage,andIranianmengaining16.5cm.Aglobalstudylookedattheaverageheightof18-year-oldsin200countriesbetween1914and2014.

   TheresultsshowthatwhileSwedeswerethetallestpeopleintheworldin1914,Dutchmenhaverisenfrom12thplacetoclaimtopspotwithanaverageheightof182.5cm.Latvianwomen,meanwhile,rosefrom28thplacein1914tobecomethetallestintheworldacenturylater,withanaverageheightof169.8cm.

   JamesBentham,aco-authoroftheresearchfromImperialCollege,London,saystheglobaltrendislikelytobeduetoimprovementsinnutritionandhealthcare."Anindividual'sgeneticshasabiginfluenceontheirheight,butonceyouaverageoverwholepopulations,geneticsplaysalesskeyrole,"headded.

   Alittleextraheightbringsanumberofadvantages,saysElioRiboliofImperialCollege."Beingtallerisassociatedwithlongerlifeexpectancy,"hesaid."Thisislargelyduetoalowerriskofdyingofcardiovascular（心血管的）diseaseamongtallerpeople."

   Butwhileheighthasincreasedaroundtheworld,thetrendinmanyAfricancountriescausesconcern,saysRiboli.WhileheightincreasedinUgandaandNigerduringtheearly20thcentury,thetrendhasreversedinrecentyears,withheightdecreasingamong18-year-olds.

   "Onereasonforthesedecreasesinheightistheeconomicsituationinthe1980s,"saidAlexanderMoradioftheUniversityofSussex.Thenutritionalandhealthcrisesthatfollowedthepolicyofstructuraladjustment,hesays,ledtomanychildrenandteenagersfailingtoreachtheirfullpotential（潜力）intermsofheight.

   Benthambelievestheglobaltrendofincreasinghei