语音学与语言学练习集刘润清版.docx

语音学与语言学练习集刘润清版.docx

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语音学与语言学练习集刘润清版

语言学复习习题集

PartOneExercisesforPhonetics

I.Fillintheblanks

1．________phoneticsstudiesthemovementofthevocalorgansofproducingthesoundsofspeech.

2:

Speechtakesplacewhentheorgansofspeechmovetoproducepatternsofsound.Thesemovementshaveaneffectonthe_________comingfromthelungs.

3.Consonantsoundscanbeeither_________or_________,whileallvowelsoundsare_________.

4.Consonantsoundscanalsobemadewhentwoorgansofspeechinthemoutharebroughtclosetogethersothattheairispushedoutbetweenthem,causing_________..

5.Thequalitiesofvowelsdependuponthepositionofthe_________andthetips.

6.Oneelementinthedescriptionofvowelsisthepartofthetonguewhichisatthehighestpointinthemouth.Asecondelementisthe_________towhichthatpartofthetongueisraised.

7.Consonantsdifferfromvowelsinthatthelatterareproducedwithout_________.

8.Inphonologicalanalysisthewordsfail-veilaredistinguishablesimplybecauseofthetwophonemes/f/-/v/_________.

9.InEnglishthereareanumberof_________,whichareproducedbymovingfromonevowelpositiontoanotherthroughinterveningpositions.

10_________referstothephenomenonofsoundscontinuallyshowtheinfluenceoftheirneighbours.

11._________isthesmallestlinguisticunit.

12.Accordingto_________,whenthereisachoiceastowheretoplaceaconsonant,itisputintotheonsetratherthanthecoda.

II.Choosethebestanswer.

13.Pitchvariationisknownas_________whenitspatternsareimposedonsentences.

A.intonationB.tone

C.pronunciationD.voice

14.Conventionallya_________isputinslashes.

A.allophoneB.phone

C.phonemeD.morpheme

15.Anaspiratedp,anunaspiratedpandanunreleasedpare_________ofthepphoneme.

A.analoguesB.tagmemes

C.morphemesD.allophones

16.'Theopeningbetweenthevocalcordsissometimesreferredtoas_________.

A.gottisB.vocalcavity

C.pharynxD.uvula

17.Thediphthongsthataremadewithamovementofthetonguetowardsthecenterareknownas_________diphthongs.

A.wideB.closing

C.narrowD.centering

18.Aphonemeisagroupofsimilarsoundscalled

A.minimalpairsB.allomorphs

G.phonesD.allophones

19.Whichbranchofphoneticsconcernstheproductionofspeechsounds?

A.Acousticphonetics.B.Articulatoryphonetics.

C.Auditoryphonetics.D.Neitherofthem.

20.Whichoneisdifferentfromtheothersaccordingtomannersofarticulation?

A.[z]B.[w]

C.[?

]D.[v]

21.Whichoneisdifferentfromtheothersaccordingtoplacesofarticulation?

A.[n]C.[1]

B.[m]D.[P]

22.Whichvowelisdifferentfromtheothersaccordingtothecharacteristicsofvowels?

A.[i:

]B.[u]

C.[e]D.[i]

23.Whatkindofsoundscanwemakewhenthevocalcordsarevibrating?

A.VoicelessB.Voiced

C.GlottalstopD.Consonant

24.Whichconsonantrepresentsthefollowingdescription:

voicelesslabiodentalfricative?

A.[f]B.[?

]

C.[z]D.[s]

III.Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue[T]orfalse[F].–

______25.Ofthethreephoneticsbranches,thelongestestablishedone,anduntilrecentlythemosthighlydeveloped,isacousticphonetics.–

______26.Sound[p]intheword"spit"isanunaspiratedstop.

______27.Supersegmentalphonologyreferstothestudyofphonologicalpropertiesofunitslargerthanthesegment-phoneme,suchassyllable,wordandsentence.

______28.Theairstreamprovidedbythelungshastoundergoanumberofmodificationtoacquirethequalityofaspeechsound.

______29.Twosoundsareinfreevariationwhentheyoccurinthesameenvironmentanddonotcontrast,namely,thesubstitutionofonefortheother.

______30.[p]isvoicedbilabialstop.

______31.Acousticphoneticsisconcernedwiththeperceptionofspeechsounds.

______32.Allsyllablesmusthaveanucleusbutnotallsyllablescontainanonsetandacoda.

______33.Whenpureormonophthongsarepronounced,novowelglidestakeplace.

______34.Accordingtothelengthortensenessofthepronunciation,vowelscanbedividedintotensevs.laxorlongvs.short.

______35.ReceivedPronunciationisthepronunciationacceptedbymostpeople.

______36.Themaximalonsetprinciplestatesthatwhenthereisachoiceastoiswheretoplaceaconsonant,itisputintothecodaratherthantheonset.

Explainthefollowingterms.

37.Minimalpair38.Soundassimilation

39.Suprasegmentalfeature40.Freevariation

41.Roundedvowel42.Pitch

43.Vowelglides44.Anticipatorycoarticulation

45.Allophones46.Complementarydistribution

47.Distinctivefeatures48.Sonorityscale

V.Answerthefollowingquestions.

49.Whatismeantbyphonetictranscription?

50.Inwhichtwowaysmayconsonantsbeclassified?

Keys

I.Fillintheblanks.

1.Articulatory2.airstrem3.voiced;voiceless;voiced

4.friction5.tongue6.height

7.obstruction8.minimalpairs9.diphthongs

10.Coarticulation11.Phonemes12.themaximalonsetprinciple

II.Choosethebestanswer.

13.A14.C15.D16.A17.A18.D

19.B20.B21.A22.B23.B24.A

III.DecidewhethertheMowingstatementsaretrue[T]orfalse[F].

35.[F]Itshouldbearticulatoryphonetics.

26.[T]27.[T]28.[T]29.[T]

30.[F]Itisavoicelessbilabialstop.

31.[F]Acousticphoneticsisthestudyofthephysicalpropertiesofthesoundsproducedinspeech.

32.[T]33.[T]34.[T]

35.[F]InmanycasesthepronunciationofEnglishdependsonindividualspeaker'saccentandpersonalpreference.However,oneformofEnglishpronunciationisthemostcommonmodelaccentintheteachingofEnglishasaforeignlanguage.ItiscalledReceivedPronunciation.

36.[F]Themaximalonsetprinciplestatesthatwhenthereisachoiceastowheretoplaceaconsonant,itisputintotheonsetratherthanthecoda.

PartTwoExercisesforMorphology

Exercises

I.Fillintheblanks.

1.Takeisthe______oftaking,takenandtook.

2.Boundmorphemesareclassifiedintotwotypes;______and______root.

3.An______ispronouncedletterbyletter,whilean______ispronouncedasaword.

4.Lexicon,inmostcases,issynonymouswith______.

5.Orthographically,compoundsarewritteninthreeways:

______,______and______

6.Allwordsmaybesaidtocontainaroot______.

7.Asnailsetofconjunctions,prepositionsandpronounsbelongsto______,class,whilethelargestpartofnouns,verbs,adjectivesandadverbsbelongsto______class.

8.______isareverseprocessofderivation,andthereforeisaprocessof______

shortening.

9.______isextremelyproductive,becauseEnglishhadlostmostofitsinflectionalendingsbytheendofMiddleEnglishperiod,whichfacilitatedtheuseofwordsinterchangeablyasverbsornouns,verbsoradjectives,andviceversa.

10.Wordsaredividedintosimple,compoundandderivedwordsonthe______level.

11.Awordformedbyderivationiscalleda______,andawordformedbycompoundingiscalleda______.（derivative;compound）

12..

II.Choosethebestanswer.

13.Nouns,verbsandadjectivescanbeclassifiedas______.

A.lexicalwordsB.grammaticalwords

C.functionwordsD.formwords

14.Morphemesthatrepresenttense,number,genderandcasearecalled______morpheme.

A.inflectionalB.free

C.boundD.derivational

15.Thereare______morphemesintheworddenationalization?

A.threeB.four

C.fiveD.six

16.InEnglish-iseand-tionarecalled______.

A.prefixesB.suffixes

C.infixesD.freemorphemes

17.Morphologyisgenerallydividedintotwofields:

thestudyofword-formationand______.

A.affixationB.etymology?

（46）?

C.inflectionD.root

18．Thethreesubtypesofaffixesare:

prefix,suffixand_________.

A.derivationalaffixB.inflectionalaffix

C.infixD.back-formation

19._________isawayinwhichnewwordsmaybeformedfromalreadyexistingwordsbysubtractinganaffixwhichisthoughttobepartoftheoldword.

A.AffixationB.back-formation

C.InsertionD.Addition

20.ThewordTBisformedinthewayof_________.

A.acronymyB.clippingDmation

C.imitialismD.acronymy

21.Therearedifferenttypesofaffixesormorphemes.Theaffixword"learned"isknownasa（n）_________.

A.derivationalmorphemeB.freemorpheme

C.inflectionalmorphemeD.freeform

22.Thewordslikecomsatandsitcomareformedby_______.

A.blendingB.clipping

C.backformationD.acronymy

23.The.stemofdisagreementsis_________.

A.agreementB.agree

C.disagreeD.disagreement

24.Allofthemaremeaningfulexceptfor_______.

A.lexemeB.phoneme

C.morphemeD.allomorph

F.Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue[T]orfalse[F].–

______25.Phonetically,thestressofacompoundalwaysfallsonthefirstelement,whilethesecondelementreceivessecondarystress.

_______26.Foreasinforetellisbothaprefixandaboundmorpheme.

_______27.Basereferstothepartofwordthatremainswhenallinflectionalaffixesareremoved.

_______28.Inmostcases,prefixeschangethemeaningofthebasewhereassuffixeschangetheword-classofthebase.

_______29.Conversionfromnountoverbisthemostproductiveprocessofconversion.

_______30.Reduplicativecompoundisformedbyrepeatingthesamemorphemeofaword.

_______31.Theword;whimper,whisperandwhistleareformedinthewayofonomatop-（eia）.

_______32.Inmostcases,thenumberofsyllablesofawordcorresp