初二英语重点之宾语从句用法.docx
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初二英语重点之宾语从句用法
宾语从句
一、掌握宾语从句的概念
宾语从句即指在主从复合句中用作宾语的从句。
对比下面两句:
简单句:
Iknowhim.
主语谓语宾语
主从复合句:
(Iknow)thatheisateacher.
主句(主语+谓语)宾语从句
如:
Ihopeyouenjoyyourholiday. 希望你假期过得愉快。
Hebegantothinkaboutwhatheshoulddo. 他开始考虑应当怎样做。
二、注意宾语从句的时态
宾语从句中谓语动词的时态,常常受到主句谓语时态的制约,此为时态呼应。
①若主句为一般现在时,宾语从句的时态可根据情况使用任意时态;
②但若主句为一般过去时,则宾语从句必须要用过去的某种时态与主句呼应。
比较:
Hesaysheisbusy. 他说他很忙。
Hesaidhewasbusy. 他说他很忙。
Iknowyouwillagree. 我知道你会同意的。
Iknewyouwouldagree. 我知道你会同意的
③当宾语的内容表示的是客观真理时,不管主句谓语的时态如何,从句都用一般现在时。
如:
Theteachersaidthattheearthturnsaroundthesun. 老师说,地球绕着太阳转。
三、明确宾语从句的语序
宾语从句属名词性从句,不管用什么样的引导词引导,宾语从句的语序总是用陈述语序(主语+谓语)。
如:
Sheaskedwhenshecouldleave. 她问她何时可以离开。
Pleasetellmewhatyouneed. 请告诉我你需要什么。
四、分清宾语从句的引导词
1. 当宾语从句部分表示陈述句语气时,用that引导。
that只起引导词作用,不充当句子成分,也没有词义,且通常可以省略。
如:
Wethink(that)hewillhelpus. 我们认为他会帮助我们。
Hesaid(that)hewasgoodatEnglish. 他说他擅长英语。
Iknow(that)heisverybusy. 我知道他很忙。
2. 当宾语从句部分为一般疑问句时,用 if 或 whether 引导。
if 和 whether 引导宾语从句,不充当句子成分,但有词义,表示“是否”。
如:
Idon’tknowif/whetherhewillcome. 我不知道他是否会来。
Sheaskedif/whetherthatwasenough. 她问那是否够了。
Iwonderwhether/ifitistrue. 我不知道是不是真的。
▲一般情况下,if和whether可以互换,但以下4种情况只能用whether:
①在不定式前:
Whethertogothereornothasn'tbeendecided.
②在介词后:
Itdependson(依靠)whetheritisgoingtorain.
③与ornot连用:
Theyaretalkingaboutwhethertogothereornot.
④宾语从句位于句首时:
Whetherwe’llattendthemeeting,nooneknows.
3. 如果宾语从句原来为特殊疑问句时,用特殊疑问词引导。
常见的引导宾语从句的特殊疑问词有what,who,whom,which,whose,when,how,where,why等。
此时要特别注意宾语从句用陈述句词序,而不用疑问句词序。
如:
Sheaskedwhowouldliketogo.
Tellmewhosewalletthisis.
Idon’tknow______________________________(他有什么问题)。
.
Heknows__________________________ 他知道他们住哪里。
Tellushowyouaregettingonnow. 告诉我们你现在过得怎样?
Ican’ttellyou________________________________. 我不能告诉你她为什么在哭。
Hedidn’tsay________________________________. 他没有说什么时候回来。
▲what引导宾语从句时,有时表示“什么”,有时表示“…所…的”:
Iaskedwhatheneeded. 我问他需要什么。
Igavehimwhatheneeded. 我给了他所需要的东西。
Pleaseremember__________________________________(我昨天所说的话).
【注意】
1.由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句可以和“疑问词+不定式”结构转化同义句。
eg.Idon'tknowhowIshoulddowiththepresents.
==>Idon'tknowhowtodowiththepresents.
Eg:
1)PleasetellmewhatIshoulddonext.(改同义句)
Pleasetellmewhat_____________next.
2)Ihaven’tdecidedwhereIwillgo.(改同义句)
Ihaven’t decided________ _______ _____.
五、宾语从句与否定前移
当主句的主语为第一人称,动词 为think,believe,suppose,expect,imagine ,后接一个表示否定意义的宾语从句时,其否定通常转移到主句。
如:
Idon’tthinkthatitisworthdoing.. 我认为这不值得做。
Idon’tbelievethathewillhelpus. 我相信他不会来。
eg:
1)I suppose.He won't be late.(合并为复合句)
I_______suppose that he ____be late.
2)We expect.They won't leave.(合并为复合句)
We _______expect they ______ leave
六.宾语从句和状语从句的区分
eg.1)Iwillgoouttomorrowifitisfine./If itisfine,Iwillgoouttomorrow.
2)Idon'tknowifthetrainhasarrived.
句1)中if引导的是条件状语从句。
这个从句表示“条件”,修饰主句。
句子的意思是"如果明天天气好,我就出去"。
句2)中if引导的是宾语从句,充当谓语动词don'tknow的宾语。
句子的意思是"我不知道火车是否到达"。
◆判断方法:
1.可以从整个句式看。
状语从句一般可以放在主句的前面或后面(个别除外),宾语从句只能放在主句谓语动词之后。
2.从引导词看。
if充当宾语从句的连接词时,相当于whether,词义为“是否”,充当条件状语从句的连接词时,词义为“如果”。
when充当宾语从句的连接词时,意为“什么时候”,充当状语从句的连接词时,意为“当……的时候”。
Eg:
1.I will call you when I arrive.(_______从句)
2.I want to know when I can arrive.(______从句)
3.从时态看。
if和when作连接词时,引导宾语从句要注意:
从句的谓语动词的时态应根据主句的时态作相应的变化。
if和when充当从属连词时,引导条件和时间状语从句,若主句的谓语动词用一般将来时,则从句的时态应用一般现在时表示将来(主将从现)。
Eg:
1.He will go if it is fine tomorrow.(________从句)
2.He didn't know if she liked the present。
(____________从句)
七、宾语从句与形式宾语 it
当宾语从句后跟有宾语补足语时,通常在宾语从句处使用形式宾语it,而将真正的宾语从句移至句末。
如:
Ithinkitbestthatyoushouldstayhere. 我认为你最好住这儿。
Hehasn’tmadeitknownwhenheisgoingtogetmarried. 他还没宣布他何时结婚
注意:
标点由主句决定,如主句是陈述句、祈使句,则用句号;是疑问句则用问号。
eg.IheardshehadbeentotheGreatWall.CanyoutellmewhichbusIshouldtake?
★宾语从句练习题
一.选择。
1.Idon'tknow_________hewillcometomorrow._________hecomes,I'lltellyou.
A.if;WhetherB.whether;WhetherC.if;ThatD.if;If
2.Idon'tknow_________thedayaftertomorrow.
A.whendoeshecomeB.howwillhecome
C.ifhecomesD.whetherhe'llcome
3.Couldyoutellme_________thenearesthospitalis?
A.whatB.howC.whetherD.where
4.Couldyoutellme_________theradiowithoutanyhelp?
A.howdidhemendB.whatdidhemend
C.howhemendedD.whathemended
5.Iwanttoknow_________.
A.whomisshelookingafter B.whomsheislooking
C.whomisshelooking D.whomsheislookingafter
6.Doyouknowwhere_________now?
A.helivesB.doesheliveC.helivedD.didhelive
7.Doyouknowwhattime_________?
A.thetrainleave B.doesthetrainleave
C.willthetrainleaveD.thetrainleaves
8.Idon'tknow_________.Canyoutellme,please?
A.howthetwoplayersareoldB.howoldarethetwoplayers
C.thetwoplayersarehowold D.howoldthetwoplayersare
9.Thesmallchildrendon'tknow_________.
A.whatistheirstockingsinB.whatisintheirstockings
C.whereistheirstockingsin D.whatintheirstockings
10.Ican'tunderstand_________.
A.whatdoesChristmasmeanB.whatChristmasdoesmean
C.whatmeanChristmasdoesD.whatChristmasmeans
二.按要求转换句型。
1.DoesMr.BrownenjoylivinginChina?
Couldyoutellus?
(改写句子)
Couldyoutellus_________Mr.Brown_________livinginChina?
2."Doesthegirlneedanyhelp?
”heaskedme.(变为复合句)
Heaskedme_________thegirl_________somehelp.
3.Jimisnotastudent.Tomisnotastudent,either.(合并为一个句子)
_________Jim_________Tomisastudent.
4.Whendoesthetrainleave?
Iwanttoknow.(改为含宾语从句的复合句)
Iwanttoknow____________thetrain_____________.
5.Theywenthomeaftertheyhadfinishedtheirhomework.(用not...until改写)
They_________gohome_________theyhadfinishedtheirhomework.
6.DidPetercomehereyesterday?
LiLeiwantstoknow.(改为含宾语从句的复合句)
LiLeiwantstoknow_____________Peter_________hereyesterday.
三、将下面的句子合并成为含有宾语从句的复合句。
1.TheseflowersarefromGuangdong.Hesaid.
Hesaid___________theseflowers___________fromGuangdong.
2.Lighttravelsfasterthansound.Myteachertoldme.
Myteachertoldme_________light___________fasterthansound.
3.Therewillbeameetinginfivedays.Jackdidn’tknow.
Jackdidn’tknow_________there_________________ameetinginfivedays.
4.CantheyspeakFrench?
Iwanttoknow.
Iwanttoknow___________________________________________French.
5.Arethechildrenplayinggames?
Tellme.
Tellme__________thechildren____________________games.
6.Haveyoufinishedyourhomeworkyet?
Mr.ZhaoaskedMaGang.
Mr.ZhaoaskedMaGang____________________________homeworkyet.
7.Wheredidsheparkhercar?
Doyouknow?
Doyouknow__________________________hercar?
8.Whatdoesheoftentalkabout?
Thegirlwondered.
Thegirlwondered__________________often____________about.
9.Whoknockedatthedoorsoloudly?
Idon’tknow.
Idon’tknow___________________atthedoorsoloudly.
10.Doeshestillliveinthatstreet?
Idon'tknow.
Idon'tknow__________hestill___________inthatstreet.
四、选择填空。
()1.WhatdidMikesay?
Hesaid____________________.
A.ifyouarefreethenextweek B.whatcolourwasit
C.theweatherisfineD.summercomesafterspring
()2.Tomaskedmyfriend________________.
A.wherewashefrom B.thattheearthisbiggerthanthemoon
C.whendidhecomeback D.nottobesoangry
()3.Letmetellyou__________________.
A.howmuchisthecarB.howmuchdoesthecarcost
C.howmuchdidIpayforthecar D.howmuchIspentonthecar
()4.Peterknew_______________.
A.whetherhehasfinishedreadingthebook
B.whytheboyhadsomanyquestions
C.therewere12monthsinayear D.whentheywillleaveforParis
()5.Couldyoutellme___________?
A.wheredoyoulive B.whoyouarewaitingfor
C.whowereyouwaitingfor D.whereyoulivein
()6.Ican'tunderstand______theboyalone.
A.whysheleft B.whydidsheleave
C.whyshehadleft D.whyhadsheleft
()7.Shetoldmethesun______intheeast.
A.rise B.rose C.rises D.hadrisen
()8.Idon'tknow________upsoearlylastSunday.
A.whydidheget B.whyhegets C.whydoesheget D.whyhegot
()9.--Doyouknowwhenhe______back?
--Sorry,Idon”t.Whenhe_______back,I”lltellyou.
A.comes;comesB.comes;willcome
C.willcome;comes D.willcome;willcome
()10.Heaskedhisfather_______.
A.whereithappens B.wheredidithappen
C.howithappened D.howdidithappen
()11.Noonetellsus______,soweneedyourhelp.
A.howweshoulddo B.whatshouldwedo
C.howtodoit D.whattodoit
()12.Couldyoupleaseteachme_______thecomputer.
A.howcheck B.tocheck C.howtocheck D.tohowchecking
()13.Theydon'tknow_______theirparentsare.
Athat Bwhat Cwhy Dwhich
()14.Marysaidthatshe___toGuangzhou.
A.hasnevergone B.hadnevergone
C.hasneverbeen D.hadneverbeen
()15.Ourhomeworkhaschangedalot.Whocantell_____itwouldbelikein_____fiveyears.
A.how,another B.what,more C.how,other D.what,another
()16.─Couldyoutellme______?
─Yes.He____totheUSA.
A.whereishe/hasbeen B.whereheis/hasgone
C.wherewashe/hasbeen D.wherehewas/hasgone
()17.─Mikewantstoknowif____apicnictomorrow.
─Yes.Butifit_______,we'llvisitthemuseuminstead.
A.youhave/willrain B.youwillhave/willrain
C.youwillhave/rains D.willyouhave/rains
()18.Ireallydon'tknowifshe_______itwhenshe________.
A.finds/arrives B.finds/willar