机械工程导论复习提纲.docx

机械工程导论复习提纲.docx

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机械工程导论复习提纲

教2-323

Chapter1

1Whatisengineering?

Whatarethedifferencesbetweenengineeringandscience,mathematics?

2Howmanyfieldsisengineeringbrokedowninto?

3Which‘elements’areconcernedinthedisciplineofmechanicalengineering?

4Describedtheprofessionofmechanicalengineers.

5Describethecareerpathsofengineers.

6Describethemajorbranchesofmechanicalengineering.

7Describetheskillsthatanengineershouldhave.

8Whatproductordevicedoyouthinkshouldbeonthetopofmechanicalengineeringachievements?

Writeanapproximately200wordsreporttosupportyourviewpoint.

Chapter2

1Whatarethetwocomponentsofanengineeringquantity?

2WhatarethebaseunitsintheUSCSandSI?

3WhatareexamplesofderivedunitsintheUSCSandSI?

4HowaremassandforcetreatedintheUSCSandSI?

5Convertthefollowingquantitytotheothers.

1pound=newton（s）

1meter=feet（s）

1inch=millimeter（s）

1gallon=liter（s）

6Howshouldyoudecidethenumberofsignificantdigitstoretaininacalculationandreportinyourfinalanswer?

7Anumericalvalue10000has3significantdigits.Howtoexpressitclearlyandexplainit.

8Summarizethemajorstepsthatshouldbefollowedwhensolvingproblemstoclearlydocumentyourworkandcatchotherwiseavoidablemistakes.

9Thefollowingequationmeasurestheamountofresistancethatanobjectexperiencesasitmovesthroughairaroundit.

Here:

Dhastheunitsofforce,rofmassdensity,Aofarea,andvofvelocity.DeterminetheunitofCD.

10Makeanorder-of-magnitudecalculationtoestimatethecapacity,intheunitsofhorsepower,ofanelectricmotorthatwillpoweranelevatorinafour-storyofficebuilding.Theelevatorcarweighs500lb,anditwillcarryuptoanadditional2500lbofpassengersandfreight.

Chapter3

1TranslatethefollowingterminologyinmechanicalengineeringintoChinese.

Bearing,Journal,Rollingcontactbearing,Ballbearing,Straightrollerbearing,Taperedrollerbearing,Thrustrollerbearing,Flexibleshaftcoupling,Gear,Pinion,Spurgear,Involuteprofile,Diametralpitch,Rack,Bevelgear,Helicalgear,Wormgearset,Timingbelt,Chaindrive,Drillpress,Lathe,Mill,Leadscrew,Bolt,Washer,Nut,V-belt,Sheave,Synchronousrotation,Timingbelt,Chaindive,Machinetool,Massproduction,Drillpress,Lathe,Mill,Leadscrew,workpiece,Cuttingbit,CNCmill,Flatwasher,Springlockwasher

2Explainthedifferencesbetweenball,straightroller,taperedroller,andthrustbearings.Makethecross-sectionalshapesofthesebearings.

3Whatisthepurposeofabearing’sseparator?

4Explainthemethodthatassemblestheballsintotheracewaybetweeninnerandouterraces.

5Whatarethecharacteristicsofhelicalgears,andhowdotheydifferfromspurgears?

6Makeasketchtoexpressthegeometricparametersofarollingcontactbearing.

7Makesketchestoexpressthemethodthatusedinmechanicalengineeringdrawingsforscrewsorboltsandrollingcontactbearings.

8Whatisaleadscrew?

9Whatarethecharacteristicsofbeltandchaindrivesthataredifferentfromgearsets?

Chapter4

1WhataretheunitsforforceandmomentintheUSCSandSI?

2Howmanynewtonsareequivalentto1pound?

3Whyisasignconventionusedwhencalculatingmomentsusingthecomponentmethod?

4Whataretheequilibriumrequirementsforparticlesandrigidbodies?

5Whatarethestepsfordrawingafreebodydiagram?

6ThefollowingfigureshowsabeamsubjectedaforceofFonthefreeend.SketchaFBDtoanalyzetheforcesandmomentsoncross-sectionA.Drawthecurvestoillustratethemwiththehorizontalaxisofx.

7WhataretheunitsforfluiddensityandviscosityintheUSCSandSI?

8Makesketchestoillustratethedifferencebetweenlaminarandturbulentfluidflow.

9HowistheReynoldsnumberdefined?

10UseFBDtoexplainhowdoespressuregenerate.

11Giveexamplesofbuoyancy,drag,andliftforces,andexplainhowtheyarecalculated.

12Whatarethecoefficientsofdragandlift?

13WhatarethedefinitionoftheMachnumberinaerodynamics?

14WhatistheunitsofPoisefor?

15WhatisthecharacteristiclengthofReynoldsnumber?

Chapter5

1Whatisthedifferencebetweenelasticandplasticbehavior?

2Sketchstress-straincurvesforsteel,anddefinethefollowingterms:

elasticmodulus,proportionallimit,yieldpoint,andultimatepoint.

3Whatistheapproximatenumericalvaluefortheelasticmodulusofsteel?

4Anengineerdeterminesthata40-cm-longerrodof1020gradesteelwillbesubjectedtoatensionof20kN.Thefollowingtwodesignrequirementsmustbemet:

Thestressmustberemainbelow145MPa,andtherodmuststretchlessthan0.125mm.Determineanappropriatevaluefortherod’sdiameterinordertomeetthesetworequirements.Rounduptothenearestmillimeterwhenreportingyouranswer.

5Howistheyieldstrengthfoundusingthe0.2%offsetmethod?

6Inwhatwaysdotensileandshearstressesdiffer?

7HowistheshearyieldstrengthSsyrelatedtotheyieldstrengthSyobtainedfromatensiletest?

8Whatismeantbythetermfactorofsafety?

9Examplesintextbook:

5.1,5.2,5.3,5.4,and6.1.

Chapter6

1Howaregravitationalandelasticpotentialenergyandkineticenergy,calculated?

2Whatisthedifferencebetweenworkandpower?

WhataretheirconventionalunitsintheSIandUSCS?

3Whatisthe“heatofcombustion”ofafuel?

4Whatisthe“specificheat”ofamaterial?

5Explainhowheatistransferredthroughtheprocessofconduction,convection,andradiation.

6WhatisBTU?

Howisitdefined?

7Whatdothethreetermsontheleft-handsideoftheBernoulli’sequationrepresent?

Andverifyitisdimensionallyconsistent.

8Definethetermthermalconductivity.

9Whatarethefirstandsecondlawofthermodynamics?

10Whatisaheatengine,andhowisitsefficiencycalculated?

11WhatarethedifferencesbetweenactualandCarnotefficiencies?

12HowareabsolutetemperaturesdeterminedontheRankineandKelvinscales?

13Sketchthecrosssectionsoffour–strokeandtwo-strokeengines,andexplainhowtheywork?

14Whataretherelativeadvantagesanddisadvantagesoffour-strokeandtwo-strokeengines?

15Sketchablockdiagramofanelectricpowerplant,andexplainhowitworks.

Chapter7

1Whatisthedifferencebetweenaverageandinstantaneouspower?

2Howdosimpleandacompoundgeartrainsdiffer?

3Howarethevelocityandtorqueratiosofageartraindefined?

4Whatrelationshipexistsbetweenthevelocityandtorqueratiosforanidealgeartrain?

5Sketchaplanetarygeartrain,labelitsmaincomponents,andexplainhowitoperates.

6Whatisabalancedplanetarygeartrain?

7Describethemaincomponentsofanautomobiledrivetrain?

8Whatfunctiondoesthedifferentialinanautomobileserve?

9Sketchthepiston,connectingrod,andcrankshaftmechanisminaninternalcombustionengineorcompressor.

10Thefollowingfigureshowsacamandvalvemechanism.Thecanitselfiscircularwithradiusr=25mm,butitscenterCisoffsetfromtheshaft’scenterObye=10mm.Theshaftturnscounterclockwiseattheconstantspeed800rpm.（a）Determineanexpressionfortheverticalpositionxofthevalueasafunctionofthecam’srotationangleθ.（b）Differentiateyourresulttoobtainexpressionsforthevelocityandacceleration.（c）Whatarethemaximumvelocityandaccelerationofthevalve,andatwhatangleθofthecamdotheyoccur?

Chapter8

1Whatarethefourmajorstagesofthehigh-levelmechanicaldesignprocedure?

2Whatisthetechnologyof“rapidprototyping”?

3WhatarethemaincomponentsofaHydra-Matictransmission?

4IneachshiftofaHydra-Matic,howarethebrakesandclutchesset?

Chapter1

1Whatarethedifferencesbetweenengineering,scienceandmathematics?

2Howmanytraditionalcoredisciplinesdoesengineeringinclude?

3Whatarethedisciplineofmechanicalengineeringisconcerned?

Chapter2

1WhatareSIandUSCS?

WhatarethebasequantitiesandunitsinSIandUSCS,respectively?

2HowtodefinetheunitofmassinUSCS.

3Theconversionfactorbetweenfoot,inchandmeter,lbandNewton,kilogramandslug,etc.

4Whatisdimensionalconsistency?

ExpresstheBernoulli’sequationisdimensionalconsistency.

5Whatissignificantdigit?

Howmanysignificantdigitsdoes43.00have?

Howtoexpress2000lbwhenithas3significantdigits?

6Approximationinengineering:

estimatethepowerwhenyouclimbaflightofstairs.

Chapter3

1Bearing

Whatarerollingcontactbearingsandjournals,andthedifferencesbetweenthem?

Thestructureandcharacteristicsofball,straightroller,taperedroller,andthrustbearing.

Innerrace,outerrace,roller,separator

Radialforceandthrustforce.

2Gear

Thestructureandcharacteristicsofspur,rack,bevel,helical,andwormgears.

Thecross-sectionalshapeofthetoothofgear:

involuteprofile.

HowtomeasurethespacingbetweenteethofgearinSIandUSCS.

InSI:

m=2r/Nmodule

InUSCS:

p=N/2rdiametralpitch

Inorderforapinionandgeartobecompatible,theymusthavethesamevalueofdiametralpitchormodule.

3BeltandChain

Timingbelt

4MachineTools

Drillpress

WhatisCNCmill?

Chapter4

1Forcesandresultants

2Momentofaforce

3Equilibriumofforcesandmoments

Whatareparticlesandrigidbodies?

HowtosketchFBD（FreeBodyDiagram）?

UseFBDtosolvestaticproblem.

4Buoyancy

B=ρgv

5Dragforceandviscosity

Liquidorgasflowspastasphere（withdiameterd）,thedragforceDopposesmotionis

D=3πμdv（Re<1）

μ--fluid’sviscosity.

Whatistheunitofμ?

Ca