7模块七原文全部.docx

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7模块七原文全部

Unit19Lesson1GetaheadwithyourEnglish

Itwaspredictedasearlyasthe1700sthatEnglishwouldonedaybethegloballanguageandthathasprovedtobethecaseinthelastfewdecades.ThegrowthofinternationalcompaniesandthegreatadvancesincommunicationshavestartedthetrendforlearningEnglishasaforeignlanguage.Intoday'sworld,beingabletospeakmorethanonelanguage,includingEnglish,ishowyoustandoutandgetahead.

However,learningEnglishasaforeignlanguageisverydifficultintheabsenceofanativelanguageenvironment.Somerespectedtheoriesonlanguageacquisitionbelievethattoattainahighleveloffluencyandaccuracyinaforeignlanguage,youneedtobesurroundedbyit.Butsadly,thechancesthatwewillallhavetheopportunitytoliveinanEnglish-speakingcountryaresmall.Therefore,mostofushavetorelyonwhatwecanlearnatschoolaspartoftheschoolcurriculum.

OurlatestEnglishcurriculumencouragesteacherstocreatearichlanguageenvironmentintheclassroom.WhatthismeansisthattheymakesurethereisanadequateamountofinputinEnglishconveyedtothestudentsthroughvariousmediums.Thiscantaketheformofreadingandlisteningmaterialswhichmustbeofthehighestquality.Qualityinputensuresqualityoutput,whetheritisspeakingorwriting.

Toreallygetahead,however,meansputtinginextraworkoutsideoftheclassroom.Expertssaythatjust15minutesofextra-curricularstudyadaycanreallyaccelerateforeignlanguagelearning.Herearewhattheyrecommend:

-Settingachievabletargets.Forexample,enlargeyourvocabularyby10newwordseveryday—fivetimesaweek—thenrevisethewordsontheweekend.50newwordsaweekmeans200newwordsamonth.

-ListeningtoanEnglishsongseveraltimesinoneweekafterreadingthewords.

-WatchingthenewsinyourownlanguageandthenreadinganEnglishnewspaperornewswebsite.KnowingthemainstoriesbeforereadingwillguaranteegreatercomprehensionwhenreadinginEnglish.

-WatchingafavouriteDVD,butadjustingthelanguagetoEnglishinpartsyouknowwell.

-Studyingwithfriends.Testeachotherandsharelearningstrategies—thismakeslearningmoreenjoyable.

-Rewardingyourself.Ifyoureachatarget,treatyourself.Informafriendofyourtargetssotheycanhelpmotivateyouaswell.

Theserecommendationsareeasilyachievedandarewellworththeextraeffort.However,puttinginthoseextra15minutesadaydoestakededication.Tostaydedicated,youneedtokeepinmindwhyyouarelearningEnglish.Quitesimply,intoday'sworld,Englishholdsthekeytoabrighterfutureandaworldofpossibilities

Unit19Lesson3Bodylanguagespeaksforitself

Ifyousawafatherpattinghissononthebackwhilesmilinghappily,whatwouldyouthinkwasgoingon?

Youwouldprobablythinkthatthefatherwascongratulatinghissonondoingsomethingwell,maybepassinganexamorwinningarace.Youwouldknowwhatwasgoingonbecauseyouunderstoodthemessageconveyedbythefather'sbodylanguage.Acrosstheworld,apatonthebackandasmileusuallymeans,"welldone".

Bodylanguageisusedeverysingledaybypeopleofdifferentnationalitiesallovertheworld.Itisalanguagewithoutwordsthatconsistsofgestures,facialexpressionsandbodymovementsthatgreatlyaddto—andsometimesevenreplace—spokenlanguage.Bodylanguageisusedtocommunicatebothattitudesandfeelingsfromaffectiontoangerjustlikeanyotherlanguage,butitdiffersfromspokenlanguageasitisnotalwaysexplicit.Somebodyjumpingforjoyiseasytoseewhilearaisedeyebrowconveyingdoubtiseasiertomiss.

Peopleoftenusebodylanguageonpurpose.Someonewhodoesnotknowtheanswertoaquestionswillmovetheirshouldersupwardsawayfromtheirupperbodyandthenletthemfall,meaning"Idonotknow".However,bodylanguagecanbeunconsciousaswell.Apersonwhoisfeelinguncomfortableornervouswilloftenholdtheirbodyinaveryrigidmannerandhaveatightlookabouttheirmouths.Theymightalsocrosstheirarmsandmoveinanabruptwayresemblingarobotmorethanahuman.Theymightnotevenrealisehowtheyareactingbuttheirbodylanguagewilltellanyonewhocarestolookcloselyenoughhowtheyarefeeling.Bodylanguagecanthereforemakepeople'sfeelingsmoretransparentasalthoughwecanliewithwords,itisnotaseasytodosowithourbodies.

Learningtobeawareofyourbodylanguagecanbeaveryusefultool.Forexample,inajobinterview,youwillprobablybefeelingnervousbutyouwon'twanttoappeartobeinastateofunrest.Youwillwanttoappearcalmwithasmuchdignityaspossible.Merelybyuncrossingyourarms,youwillkookmoreconfident.

Bodylanguagecanbeveryusefulwhenpeopledonotshareacommonspokenlanguage.Forexample,inforeigncountries,itisveryeasytopurchasesomethingsimplybysmilingandpointingatwhatyouwant.Ontheotherhand,youcanalsoeasilyshowwhatyoudon'tlikebyshakingyourhead.Youcannegotiatethepricebyusingyourfingersandevenaskquestionsbyusingyourhandstooutlinetheshapesofthingsyouwant—althoughthiscancauseconfusionandafewlaughstoo!

However,bodylanguagecansometimesbeambiguous.Althougheveryculturearoundtheworldusesthesamegesturesandexpressions,theyusethemindifferentways.Forexample,anAmericantouristataGermanhotelmightgivean"OK"signbymakingacirclewiththeirfingers.UnlikeinAmericanwherethissignmeanseverythingisfine,inGermany,thisgesturecancauseoffence.Anotherexampleisthatinmostculturestonodone'sheadmeans"Yes"andshakeone'sheadmeans"No"whileinsomeculturestheoppositeistrue!

Regardlessofthesedifferences,expertsagreethatacrosstheglobethereisoneformofbodylanguagethatreceivesuniversalapproval—thesmile.Smilinghasahighsuccessratesoneverbeafraidtouseit—evenwhenyouarenervous—andespeciallyinforeigncountries!

Unit20Lesson1Futurology

HannahJoneslooksintothefuture.

Ilovetalkingaboutthefuture—andIamnottheonlyone.Overthecenturies,peoplehavealwayswonderedaboutthefuture.Someliketoreadfantasystoriesandimaginewhattheworldwillbelikein10,50oreven1,000years'time.Otherswriteaboutthefuturethemselves.Inthe18thand19thcenturies,especiallythelatter,themostcommonthemeinsciencefictionnovelswasthefuture.Someauthorsevenpredictedthingsthathavesincehappened,forexample,landingonthemoon!

Butforsomepeople,thinkingaboutthefutureisnotjustforfun.Theyplanthefutureoftheworldforaliving.Thesepeoplearecalledfuturologists.

Thisweekend,hundredsoffuturologistsaremeetingatNewcastleUniversity.TheseminarstartsonFridayandtheexpertswillbediscussingtheendlesspossibilitiesofthefuture.Thefutureisnowbigbusinessandmanypeoplewillattendtheseminarwithdreamsofstartingnewenterprisesbasedonthepredictionstheywillhearthisweekend.Iclickedintothewebsitesofafewfuturologistsandhere'swhatthey'repredicting:

•Inthenextfewyears,computerswillbecomehandier.Shortlyallofusaregoingtouseourvoicestogiveinstructionstocomputers.

Wewillbeabletodownloadanyfileorupdateourcomputersjustbysayingafewwords.

•Bytheyear2015,theclothingindustrywillhaveproducednewtypesofmaterialthatwillremainstainlessnomatterwhatyouspillonthem.Redwinestainswillnolongerruinclothes.Garmentswillalsobesostrongthattheywillnevergetoldandworn.

•Bytheyear2025,noonewilldieofstarvationbecausetherewillbefoodforeveryone.Noonewillhavetoliveonwelfareaseveryonewillhavejobsanddiscriminationwillbeapartofthepast.Therewillthereforenolongerbeanyconflictandpeoplewillbeabletolivetogetherinpeaceandequality.

•Bytheyear2030,developmentinbiochemistryandmedicalsciencewillhavemadeittheoreticallypossibleforustoliveforatleast150years.Tiny,insect-likerobotsmaybesentaroundthecellsofourbodiestoassessourhealthandcarryoutrepairstokeepushealthy.

•Bythemiddleofthecentury,computersthataremillionsoftimessmarterthanuswillhavebeendeveloped.Wewillbelinkingourbrainstothesecomputersandahugedatabase.Anewtypeofelectronichumanmighthavedeveloped!

•Bytheendofthecentury,wewillhavediscoveredotherplacesinoursolarsystemsuitableforlivingandwewillhavediscoveredwaystogofurtherintospace.

I'llbethereinNewcastlethisweekend.Atnineo'clockonSaturdaymorning,I'llbesittinginthefrontrowandlisteningtothegreatProfessorWillardtalkingaboutthefutureofmybrain.Ifyoucan'tbeatthefuture,joinit—it'sthedawnofanewworld.

Unit20Lesson3ScientificBreakthroughs

PIONEERSOFSCIENCE

Ifyouhadtochoosethesinglemostimportantdiscoveryofthe20thcentury,youwouldhavearealdilemmaonyourhands.Injust100years,theworldchangedcompletely.Amazingdiscoveriesweremadeinmedicine,communicationsandtransport,nottomentionourknowledgeoftheworldandspace.Medicaladvancesrangedfromdiscoveringthecausesofdiseasesundermicroscopestosurgicalproceduresreplacingdiseasedorganswithdonatedchangedwiththeintroductionofmobilephonesandthewaywecorrespondwentfromwritingletterstostartedflyingaroundtheworldandmeanwhile,scientistsfiguredouthowtosplittheatom,previouslythoughttobethesmallestparticleofmatterintheuniverse.

Althoughitisimpossibletochoosethemostimportantdiscovery,itispossibletosingleoutafewpioneersofthe20thcentury.Herearefiveofthem.