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综合教程第二册第九单元答案unit9whatishappiness
Unit9WhatIsHappiness
Textcomprehension
I.A
II.1.T; 2.F; 3.F; 4.T; 5.F.
III.
1.Hemeansthatoneisgiventherighttopursuehappiness,butdoesnotknowwhatitis.
2.Becausehebelievesthatcommercialadvertisingnotonlyfailstosatisfyourdesires,butmoreimportantlyitcreatesthem,anditcreatesthemfasterthananyman’sbudgetcansatisfythem.Suchinsatiabilitymakespeopleunhappy.
3.Becausehethinksthattheproductsandpursuitsadvertisedonthefrontpagesofwomen’smagazinesaredreamlikeandcan’tbefulfilled.
4.HesettwoextremesaccordingtoThoreau,thelowlevelandthehighlevel.Theformerreferstopossessionforitsownsakeorincompetitionwiththerestoftheneighborhood,whilethelatterreferstoactivedisciplineofheighteningone’sperceptionofwhatisenduringinnature.Tofindbalanceistosavetimeandeffortonthelowlevelsandspendonthehigh.
5.Theinherentrightisnothappinessitself,butliesinthepursuitofhappiness,inthepursuitofwhatislife-engagingandlife-revealing,i.e.intheideaofbecoming.
IV.
1.JonathanSwiftseemedtosharethisviewwhenhecriticizedthisideaofhappinessasthestateofbeingcompletelycontrolledbydeception.
2.Theactiveexerciseortrainingtoimproveone’sunderstandingofwhatisoflastingvaluewouldhavebeenThoreau’sideaofthehighlevels,i.e.spiritualhappiness.
Structuralanalysisofthetext
Part1:
Theauthorpointsoutthatwhenwearenotsurewhathappinessis,wetendtobemisledbytheideathatwecanbuyourwaytoit.
Part2:
Theauthoroffersanumberofexamplestoshowhowthismisconceptionofhappinessgivesrisetothe"happiness-market〞inahighlycommercializedsociety.
Part3:
TheauthorsuggestsstrikingabalancebetweenwhatThoreaucalledthelowlevelsandthehighlevels.
Part4:
Theauthorgiveshisunderstandingofhappiness,inthelightoftheFoundingFathers’beliefthatitis"intheideaofbecoming〞.
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Vocabulary
I.Phrase
1.un-American:
nottypicaloftheattitudes,waysoflife,etc.,thatareapprovedoforconsiderednormalintheUS
2.commercialism:
theactivitiesorattitudesofpeoplewhothinkthatmakingaprofitismore
importantthananythingelse;emphasisonthemaximizingofprofit 商业主义
3.forthatmatter:
itisalsotruethat… 就此而论,在这方面,同样
4.face:
aspect
5.innature:
essentially
II.
1.perpetual; 2.functions; 3.inherent; 4.cited; 5.approaching; 6.flawless; 7.vaguely; 8.disciplining.
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III.Wordderivation
Fillintheblankswiththeappropriateformsofthegivenwords.
1.Adeersuddenlyranacrosstheroad,withahuntingdoginhotpursuit.
2.I’msuremanybusinessmenusesomekindofdeceptionattimes,toachievetheirobjectives.
3.Theprojecthasbeenasuccess,thankstothededicationofallofourstaff.
4.Hisfirstcommercialventurewasopeningasmallcornershop.
5.Theconcertendedwiththesingersandaudiencesingingpatrioticsongs.
6.ItwassoconvincingthatIhadtoremindmyselfthattheywerefictionalcharacters,notrealpeople.
7.Notmanypeopleareabletoindicatetheirdisapprovalwithoutcausingoffence.
8.Thehomelessandstarvingrefugeesofthewarwereflockingtothecities.
1.pursuev.追捕,追求；继续从事
pursuern.追赶者,追求者
pursuitn.追求,追赶
e.g.我知道她的追求者很多.
Iknowshehasmanypursuers.
我们为追求幸福生活而努力工作.
Weworkhardinpursuitofahappylife.
2.deceivev.欺骗
deceptionn.骗局,诡计,欺诈
deceptivea.迷惑的,虚伪的,诈欺的
deceptivenessn.迷惑
e.g.他骗我买了一个假冒产品.
Hedeceivedmeintopayingforthefakeproduct.
他靠欺骗拿钱.
Hegetsthemoneybydeception.
3.dedicatev.献出；致力于
dedicateda.专注的；献身的
dedicationn.奉献
e.g.她毕生致力于教授英语.
ShededicatedherlifetoteachingEnglish.
我们尊敬他是因为他以无私奉献的精神廉正地为民众服务.
Werespecthimbecauseheservesthepublicwithdedicationandintegrity.
4merciala.商业的
commercializev.使商业化
commercialismn.商业主义,营利主义
e.g.商业电视是有效的广告宣传工具.
Commercialtelevisionisaneffectivemediumforadvertising.
教育近几年更加商业化了.
Educationhasbecomemuchmorecommercializedinrecentyears.
5.patriotismn.爱国主义,爱国心
patriotn.爱国者
patriotica.爱国的
e.g.我们都被他的爱国精神深深感动了.
Wearealldeeplymovedbyhispatriotism.
她热爱她的祖国.
Sheisapatriottohercountry.
6.fictionn.虚构,杜撰；小说
fictionala.虚构的；小说的
e.g.我喜欢读科幻小说.
Ienjoyreadingsciencefiction.
7.disapprovev.不赞成
disapprovaln.不赞成
disapprovinglyad.不以为然地,不赞成地
e.g.我母亲不同意我们俩人的婚事.
Mymotherdisapprovedofourmarriage.
他对你的建议很不以为然.
Heshoweddisapprovalofyourproposal.
8.starvev.挨饿,受饿,饿死
starvationn.饿死,饥饿
starvinga.饥饿的
e.g.那个可怜的老妇人被饿死了.
Thepooroldladydiedofstarvation.
我的钱不够用.
I’mstarvedformoney.
IV.
1.C; 2.B; 3.D; 4.B; 5.D; 6.A; 7.C; 8.D.
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V.Synonym/Antonym
Giveasynonymoranantonymofthewordunderlinedineachsentenceinthesenseitisused.
1.AndatthesametimetheforcesofAmericancommercialismarehugelydedicatedtomakingusdeliberatelyunhappy.
Hugely--Synonym:
enormously,tremendously;
Deliberately--Antonym:
unintentionally,accidentally
2.These,theflawlessteeth.
Synonym:
perfect,spotless
3.This,theperfumedbreathshemustexhale.
Antonym:
inhale
4.Happinessisnevermorethanpartial.
Antonym:
impartial,unbiased
5.Thoreau—acreatureofbothEasternandWesternthought—hadhisownfirmsenseofthatbalance.
Antonym:
imbalance
6.Wearetaughtthattopossessistobehappy,andthenwearemadetowant.
Synonym:
have,own
7.Hesitsimmobile,raptincontemplation,freefromhisownbody.
Synonym:
fixed,stationary,quiet
VI.Prefix/Suffix
Writeineachspaceonewordthathasthesamestemasunderlinedineachgivenword.
1.containobtain
2.concedeprecede
3.compelrepel
4.suspenddepend
5.includeconclude
6.insistconsist
7.descendascend
8.evolverevolve
Page175
GrammarExercises
1.Personalpronouns
Personalpronounsrefertothepersonwhoisdoingtheactionortowhomtheactionaffects.Inthatwaywedistinguishtwotypesofpersonalpronouns:
Personal"SubjectPronouns〞andPersonal"ObjectPronouns〞.
PersonalPronouns
assubject
I
You
he
she
it
we
you
they
We havesomebooks.
asobject
me
you
him
her
it
us
you
them
Thebooksarefor us.
Apersonalpronounreferstoaspecificpersonorthingandchangesitsformtoindicateperson,number,gender,andcase.
I.Completethesentencesbelowwithsuitablepronouns.
1.yourself;
2.__You/We__can’talwaysgetwhat__you/we__want.
3.you/one/we
4.it
5.Wealloughttobemoretoleranttowards__oneanother____.
6.They/We
7.myself
8.yourself
9.Someone’satthedoor.Whocan___it___beatthistime?
10.I;We;They;us;They;it;we
2.Impersonalitvs.there
InmanyEnglishsentences,youwillfindtheword"it〞ortheword"there〞inthesubjectposition.Theseareusually"impersonal〞sentences—sentenceswherethereisnonaturalsubject.
Impersonal"it〞
Whentouseit
Examples
Talkingaboutweather
It’sraining/cold/sunny.
Identifyingsomething
"Whoisit?
〞"It’sme.〞
"Whatisit?
〞"It’sacat.〞
Talkingabouttime
"Whattimeisit?
〞"It’sfiveo’clock.〞"Whatdayisit?
〞"It’sThursday.〞
Talkingaboutdistance
"HowfarisittoToronto?
〞"It’s4000kilometers.〞
Impersonal"there〞
Impersonal"there〞isusedtosaythatsomethingexistsinaparticularplace:
e.g.Thereisabookonthetable.
Therearethreemeninthecar.
II.
There;there;there;There;There;It;there;There;It;there;There
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III.Replacetheunderlinedpartsinthefollowingsentenceswithnon-finiteclausesorverblessclauses.
1.Whileflattered,…
2.IwaswonderingwhetherIshouldgoupstairsorfollowMr.Maximtothelibrary.
…whethertogoupstairsortofollow…
3.Wheneverpossible,…
4.Itisanillnessthatcanresultintotalblindnessifitisleftuntreated.
…ifleftuntreated.
5.…ifready.
6.Thoughnoswimmer,…
7.Onceyouareoverthepass,youwillseethetownbelowyou.
Onceoverthepass,…
8.Whetherbyaccidentorbydesign,…
IV.
1.Once; 2.Though; 3.If; 4.when; 5.whether; 6.Unless; 7.Before; 8.After.
V.
1.c; 2.b; 3.b; 4.c; 5.a; 6.d; 7.d; 8.d.
Page178
Translation
I.
1.Advertisingisoneofourmajorindustries,andadvertisingexistsnottosatisfydesiresbuttocreate激起欲望them—andtocreatethemfasterthananyman’sbudget预算资金cansatisfythem.
广告是一项主要产业,它的存在与其说是为了满足人们的欲望；不如说是为了激发他们的欲望——而且是以超出任何人的收入所能承受的速度激发这些欲望.
2.TheywerecallinguponAmericans,asanactapproachingpatriotism实践爱国主义,tobuyatonce,withmoneytheydidnothave,automobiles汽车theydidnotreallyneed,andwhichtheywouldberequiredtogrowtiredof变得厌倦bythetimethenextyear’smodelswerereleased发布、面世.
他们号召美国公众采取爱国行动,立即用他们并没有的钱去购买他们并不需要的汽车,而且要求他们在第二年的新款汽车问世之前就对它们厌倦.
3.Thoreaucertainlydisapprovedof不赞成starvation,buthewouldputintofeedinghimselfonlyasmucheffortaswouldkeephimfunctioningformoreimportantefforts.
梭罗无疑不赞同挨饿,但他花在食物上的精力只是为了让自己得以从事更重要的活动.
4.Whattheymighthaveunderlined,couldtheyhaveforeseenthehappiness-market,isthecardinalfact最重要的事实thathappinessis存在于inthepursuititself,inthemeaningfulpursuitofwhatislife-engagingandlife-revealing揭示人生的,whichistosay,intheideaofbecoming.
倘若他们能预见到"幸福市场〞的话,他们或许会强调这个至为重要的事实,即幸福存在于追求它的过程中,存在于追求值得用生命去追寻、揭示生命真谛的富有意义的过程中,换言之,幸福是一种过程.
II
1.1935年10月,中国红军历尽苦难和牺牲,最后终于到达了陕北.〔endure,make/fightone’swayto〕
Translation:
InOctober,1935,the
升级会员 