各国经济权利和义务宪章.docx

各国经济权利和义务宪章.docx

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各国经济权利和义务宪章

CharterofEconomicRightsandDutiesofStates

GARes.3281（xxix）,UNGAOR,29thSess.,Supp.No.31（1974）50

TheGeneralAssembly,

RecallingthattheUnitedNationsConferenceonTradeandDevelopment,initsresolution45（III）of18May1972,stressedtheurgencytoestablishgenerallyacceptednormstogoverninternationaleconomicrelationssystematicallyandrecognizedthatitisnotfeasibletoestablishajustorderandastableworldaslongasachargertoprotecttherightsofallcountries,andinparticularthedevelopingStates,isnotformulated.RecallingfurtherthatinthesameresolutionitwasdecidedtoestablishaWorkingGroupofgovernmentalrepresentativestodrawupadraftCharterofEconomicRightsandDutiesofStates,whichtheGeneralAssembly,initsresolution3037（XXVII）of19December1972,decidedshouldbecomposedoffortyMemberStates.Notingthat,initsresolution3082（XXVIII）of6December1973,itreaffirmeditsconvictionoftheurgentneedtoestablishorimprovenormsofuniversalapplicationforthedevelopmentofinternationaleconomicrelationsonajustandequitablebasisandurgedtheWorkingGroupontheCharterofEconomicRightsandDutiesofStatestocomplete,asthefirststepinthecodificationanddevelopmentofthematter,theelaborationofafinaldraftCharterofEconomicRightsandDutiesofStates,tobeconsideredandapprovedbytheGeneralAssemblyatitstwenty-ninthsession.

Bearinginmindthespiritandtermsofitsresolutions3201（S-VI）and3202（S-VI）of1May1974,containing,respectively,theDeclarationandtheProgrammedofActionontheEstablishmentofaNewInternationalEconomicOrder,whichunderlinedthevitalimportanceoftheChartertobeadoptedbytheGeneralAssemblyatitstwenty-ninthsessionandstressedthefactthattheChartershallconstituteaneffectiveinstrumenttowardstheestablishmentofanewsystemofinternationaleconomicrelationsbasedonequity,sovereignequalityandinterdependenceoftheinterestsofdevelopedanddevelopingcountries.HavingexaminedthereportoftheWorkingGroupontheCharterofEconomicRightsandDutiesofStatesonitsfourthsession,transmittedtotheGenerallyAssemblybytheTradeandDevelopmentBoardatitsfourteenthsession.ExpressingitsappreciationtotheWorkingGroupontheCharterofEconomicRightsandDutiesofStateswhich,asaresultofthetaskperformedinitsfoursessionsheldbetweenFebruary1973andJune1974,assembledtheelementsrequiredforthecompletionandadoptionoftheCharterofEconomicRightsandDutiesatthetwenty-ninthsessionoftheGeneralAssembly,aspreviouslyrecommended.AdoptsandsolemnlyproclaimsthefollowingCharter:

Charterofeconomicrightsanddutiesofstates

Preamble

TheGeneralAssembly,

ReaffirmingthefundamentalpurposesoftheUnitedNations,inparticularthemaintenanceofinternationalpeaceandsecurity,thedevelopmentoffriendlyrelationsamongnationsandtheachievementofinternationalco-operationinsolvinginternationalproblemsintheeconomicandsocialfields,Affirmingtheneedforstrengtheninginternationalco-operationfordevelopment,DeclaringthatitisafundamentalpurposeofthepresentChartertopromotetheestablishmentofthenewinternationaleconomicorder,basedonequality,sovereignequality,interdependence,commoninterestandco-operationamongallStates,irrespectiveoftheireconomicandsocialsystems,Desirousofcontributingtothecriterionofconditionsfor:

（a）Theattainmentofwiderprosperityamongallcountriesandofhigherstandardsoflivingforallpeoples,

（b）Thepromotionbytheentireinternationalcommunityoftheeconomicandsocialprogressofallcountries,especiallydevelopingcountries,

（c）Theencouragementofco-operation,onthebasisofmutualadvantageandequitablebenefitsforallpeace-lovingStateswhicharewillingtocarryouttheprovisionsofthepresentCharter,intheeconomic,trade,scientificandtechnicalfields,regardlessofpolitical,economicorsocialsystems,（d）Theovercomingofmainobstaclesinthewayofeconomicdevelopmentofthedevelopingcountries,

（e）Theaccelerationoftheeconomicgrowthofdevelopingcountrieswithaviewtobridgingtheeconomicgapbetweendevelopinganddevelopedcountries,

（f）Theprotection,preservationandenhancementoftheenvironment,

Mindfuloftheneedtoestablishandmaintainajustandequitableeconomicandsocialorderthrough:

（a）Theachievementofmorerationalandequitableinternationaleconomicrelationsandtheencouragementofstructuralchangesintheworldeconomy,

（b）Thecreationofconditionswhichpermitthefurtherexpansionoftradeandintensificationofeconomicco-operationamongallnations,

（c）Thestrengtheningoftheeconomicindependenceofdevelopingcountries,

（d）Theestablishmentandpromotionofinternationaleconomicrelations,takingintoaccounttheagreeddifferencesindevelopmentofthedevelopingcountriesandtheirspecificneeds,Determinedtopromotecollectiveeconomicsecurityfordevelopment,inparticularofthedevelopingcountries,withstrictrespectforthesovereignequalityofeachStateandthroughtheco-operationoftheentireinternationalcommunity,Consideringthatgenuineco-operationamongStates,basedonjointconsiderationofandconcertedactionregardinginternationaleconomicproblems,isessentialforfulfillingtheinternationalcommunity'scommondesiretoachieveajustandrationaldevelopmentofallpartsoftheworld.Stressingtheimportanceofensuringappropriateconditionsfortheconductofnormaleconomic

relationsamongallStates,irrespectiveofdifferencesinsocialandeconomicsystems,andforthefullrespectoftherightsofallpeoples,aswellasstrengtheninginstrumentsofinternationaleconomicco-operationasameansfortheconsolidationofpeaceforthebenefitofall.Convincedoftheneedtodevelopasystemofinternationaleconomicrelationsonthebasisofsovereignequality,mutualandequitablebenefitandthecloseinterrelationshipoftheinterestsofallStates,Reiteratingthattheresponsibilityforthedevelopmentofeverycountryrestsprimarilyuponitselfbutthatconcomitantandeffectiveinternationalcooperationisanessentialfactorforthefullachievementofitsowndevelopmentgoals.Firmlyconvincedoftheurgentneedtoevolveasubstantiallyimprovedsystemofinternationaleconomicrelations,SolemnlyadoptsthepresentCharterofEconomicRightsandDutiesofStates.

Chapter1

FundamentalsofinternationaleconomicrelationsEconomicaswellaspoliticalandotherrelationsamongStatesshallbegoverned,interalia,bythefollowingprinciples:

（a）Sovereignty,territorialintegrityandpoliticalindependenceofStates;

（b）SovereignequalityofallStates;

（c）Non-aggression;

（d）Non-intervention;

（e）Mutualandequitablebenefit;

（f）Peacefulcoexistence;

（g）Equalrightsandself-determinationofpeoples;

（h）Peacefulsettlementofdisputes;

（i）Remedyingofinjusticeswhichhavebeenbroughtaboutbyforceandwhichdepriveanationofthenaturalmeansnecessaryforitsnormaldevelopment;

（j）Fulfillmentingoodfaithofinternationalobligations;

（k）Respectforhumanrightsandinternationalobligations;

（l）Noattempttoseekhegemonyandspheresofinfluence;

（m）Promotionofinternationalsocialjustice;

（n）Internationalco-operationfordevelopment;

（o）Freeaccesstoandfromtheseabyland-lockedcountrieswithintheframeworkoftheaboveprinciples.

ChapterII

Economicrightsanddutiesofstates

Article1

EveryStatehasthesovereignandinalienablerighttochooseitseconomicsystemaswellasitpolitical,socialandculturalsystemsinaccordancewiththewillofitspeople,withoutoutsideinterference,

coercionorthreatinanyformwhatsoever.

Article2

1.EveryStatehasandshallfreelyexercisefullpermanentsovereignty,includingpossession,useanddisposal,overallitswealth,naturalresourcesandeconomicactivities.

2.EachStatehastheright:

（a）Toregulateandexerciseauthorityoverforeigninvestmentwithinitsnationaljurisdictioninaccordancewithitslawsandregulationsandinconformitywithitsnationalobjectivesandpriorities.NoStateshallbecompelledtograntpreferentialtreatmenttoforeigninvestment;

（b）Toregulateandsupervisetheactivitiesoftransnationalcorporationswithinitsnationaljurisdictionandtakemeasurestoensurethatsuchactivitiescomplywithitslaws,rulesandregulationsandconformwithitseconomicandsocialpolicies.TransnationalcorporationsshallnotinterveneintheinternalaffairsofahostState.EveryStateshould,withfullregardforitssovereignrights,cooperatewithotherStatesintheexerciseoftherightsetforthinthissubparagraph;

（c）Tonationalize,expropriateortransferownershipofforeignproperty,inwhichcaseappropriatecompensationshouldbepaidbytheStateadoptingsuchmeasures,takingintoaccountitsrelevantlawsandregulationsandallcircumstancesthattheStateconsiderspertinent.Inanycasewherethequestionofcompensationgivesrisetoacontroversy,itshallbesettledunderthedomesticlawofthenationalizingStateandbyitstribunals,unlessitisfreelyandmutuallyagreedbyallStatesconcernedthatotherpeacefulmeansbesoughtonthebasisofthesovereignequalityofStatesandinaccordancewiththeprincipleoffreechoiceofmeans.

Article3

Intheexploitationofnaturalresourcessharedbytwoormorecountries,eachStatemustco-operateonthebasisofasystemofinformationandpriorconsultationsinordertoachieveoptimumuseofsuchres