全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一真题及参考答案.docx

全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一真题及参考答案.docx

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全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一真题及参考答案

2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语

（一）真题及参考答案

    SectionIUseofEnglish

        Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.（10points）

    Peopleare,onthewhole,pooratconsideringbackgroundinformationwhenmakingindividualdecisions.Atfirstglancethismightseemlikeastrengththat__1_theabilitytomakejudgmentswhichareunbiasedby_2_factors.ButDrSimonsohnspeculatedthataninabilitytoconsiderthebig_3_wasleadingdecision-makerstobebiasedbythedailysamplesofinformationtheywereworkingwith._4_,hetheorisedthatajudge_5_ofappearingtoosoft_6_crimemightbemorelikelytosendsomeonetoprison__7_hehadalreadysentencedfiveorsixotherdefendantsonlytoforcedcommunityserviceonthatday.

    To__8__thisidea,theyturnedtheirattentiontotheuniversity-admissionsprocess.Intheory,the____9___ofanapplicantshouldnotdependonthefewothers___10____randomlyforinterviewduringthesameday,butDrSimonsohnsuspectedthetruthwas____11____.

    Hestudiedtheresultsof9,323MBAinterviews_12_by31admissionsofficers.Theinterviewershad_13_applicantsonascaleofonetofive.Thisscale_14_numerousfactorsintoconsideration.Thescoreswere_15_usedinconjunctionwithanapplicant’sscoreontheGMAT,astandardisedexamwhichis_16_outof800points,tomakeadecisiononwhethertoaccepthimorher.

    DrSimonsohnfoundifthescoreofthepreviouscandidateinadailyseriesofintervieweeswas0.75pointsormorehigherthanthatoftheone_17__that,thenthescoreforthenextapplicantwould_18_byanaverageof0.075points.Thismightsoundsmall,butto_19_theeffectsofsuchadecreaseacandidatewouldneed30moreGMATpointsthanwouldotherwisehavebeen_20__.

    1.AgrantsBsubmitsCtransmitsDdilivers

    2.AminorBexternalCcrucialDobjective

    3.AissueBvisionCpictureDmoment

    4.AAboveallBOnaverageCInprincipleDForexample

    5.AfondBfearfulCcapableDthoughtless

    6.AinBforCtoDon

    7.AifBuntilCthoughDunless

    8.A.testB.emphasizeC.shareD.promote

    9.A.decisionB.qualityC.statusD.success

    10.A.foundB.studiedC.chosenD.identified

    11.A.otherwiseB.defensibleC.replaceableD.exceptional

    12.A.inspiredB.expressedC.conductedD.secured

    13.A.assignedB.ratedC.matchedD.arranged

    14.A.putB.gotC.tookD.gave

    15.A.insteadB.thenC.everD.rather

    16.A.selectedB.passedC.markedD.introduced

    17.AbelowBafterCaboveDbefore

    18.AjumpBfloatCfluctuateDdrop

    19.AachieveBundoCmaintainDdisregard

    20.AnecessaryBpossibleCpromisingDhelpful

SectionIIReadingComprehension

    PartA

    Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.（40points）

    Text1

    Inthe2006filmversionofTheDevilWearsPrada,MirandaPriestly,playedbyMerylStreep,scoldsherunattractiveassistantforimaginingthathighfashiondoesn’taffecther,Priestlyexplainshowthedeepbluecoloroftheassistant’ssweaterdescendedovertheyearsfromfashionshowstodepartmentsstoresandtothebargainbininwhichthepoorgirldoubtlessfoundhergarment.

    Thistop-downconceptionofthefashionbusinesscouldn’tbemoreoutofdateoratoddswiththefeverishwoulddescribedinOverdressed,EliazabethCline’sthree-yearindictmentof“fastfashion”.Inthelastdecadeorso,advancesintechnologyhaveallowedmass-marketlabelssuchasZara,H&M,andUniqlotoreacttotrendsmorequicklyandanticipatedemandmoreprecisely.Quickerturnaroundsmeanlesswastedinventory,morefrequentrelease,andmoreprofit.Theselabelsencouragestyle-consciousconsumerstoseeclothesasdisposable-meanttolastonlyawashortwo,althoughtheydon’tadvertisethat–andtorenewtheirwardrobeeveryfewweeks.Byofferingon-trenditemsatdirt-cheapprices,Clineargues,thesebrandshavehijackedfashioncycles,shakinganindustrylongaccustomedtoaseasonalpace.

    Thevictimsofthisrevolution,ofcourse,arenotlimitedtodesigners.ForH&Mtooffera$5.95knitminiskirtinallits2,300-piusstoresaroundtheworld,itmustrelyonlow-wageoverseaslabor,orderinvolumesthatstrainnaturalresources,andusemassiveamountsofharmfulchemicals.

    Overdressedisthefashionworld’sanswertoconsumer-activistbestsellerslikeMichaelPollan’sTheOmnivore’sDilemma.“Mass-producedclothing,likefastfood,fillsahungerandneed,yetisnon-durableandwasteful,”Clineargues.Americans,shefinds,buyroughly20billiongarmentsayear–about64itemsperperson–andnomatterhowmuchtheygiveaway,thisexcessleadstowaste.

    TowardstheendofOverdressed,Clineintroducedherideal,aBrooklynwomannamedSarahKateBeaumont,whosince2008hasmadeallofherownclothes–andbeautifully.ButasClineisthefirsttonote,ittookBeaumontdecadestoperfecthercraft;herexamplecan’tbeknockedoff.

    Thoughseveralfast-fashioncompanieshavemadeeffortstocurbtheirimpactonlaborandtheenvironment–includingH&M,withitsgreenConsciousCollectionline–Clinebelieveslastingchangecanonlybeeffectedbythecustomer.Sheexhibitstheidealismcommontomanyadvocatesofsustainability,beitinfoodorinenergy.Vanityisaconstant;peoplewillonlystartshoppingmoresustainablywhentheycan’taffordnotto.

    21.Priestlycriticizesherassistantforher

    [A]poorbargainingskill.

    [B]insensitivitytofashion.

    [C]obsessionwithhighfashion.

    [D]lackofimagination.

    22.AccordingtoCline,mass-maketlabelsurgeconsumersto

    [A]combatunnecessarywaste.

    [B]shutoutthefeverishfashionworld.

    [C]resisttheinfluenceofadvertisements.

    [D]shopfortheirgarmentsmorefrequently.

    23.Theword“indictment”（Line3,Para.2）isclosestinmeaningto

    [A]accusation.

    [B]enthusiasm.

    [C]indifference.

    [D]tolerance.

    24.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthelaseparagraph?

    [A]Vanityhasmoreoftenbeenfoundinidealists.

    [B]Thefast-fashionindustryignoressustainability.

    [C]Peoplearemoreinterestedinunaffordablegarments.

    [D]Pricingisvitaltoenvironment-friendlypurchasing.

    25.Whatisthesubjectofthetext?

    [A]Satireonanextravagantlifestyle.

    [B]Challengetoahigh-fashionmyth.

    [C]Criticismofthefast-fashionindustry.

    [D]Exposureofamass-marketsecret.

 Text2

    Anoldsayinghasitthathalfofalladvertisingbudgetsarewasted-thetroubleis,nooneknowswhichhalf.Intheinternetage,atleastintheory,thisfractioncanbemuchreduced.Bywatchingwhatpeoplesearchfor,clickonandsayonline,companiescanaim“behavioural”adsatthosemostlikelytobuy.

    Inthepastcoupleofweeksaquarrelhasillustratedthevaluetoadvertisersofsuchfine-grainedinformation:

Shouldadvertisersassumethatpeoplearehappytobetrackedandsentbehaviouralads?

Orshouldtheyhaveexplicitpermission?

    InDecember2010America'sFederalTradeCornmission（FTC）proposedaddinga"donottrack"（DNT）optiontointernetbrowsers,sothatuserscouldtelladwertisersthattheydidnotwanttobefollowed.Microsoft'sInternetExplorerandApple'sSafaribothofferDNT;Google'sChromeisduetodosothisyear.InFebruarytheFTCandDigltalAdwertisingAlliance（DAA）agreedthattheindustrywouldgetcrackingonrespongingtoDNTrequests.

    OnMay31stMicrosoftSetofftherow:

ItsaidthatInternetExplorer10,theversionduetoappearwindows8,wouldhaveDNTasadefault.

    Itisnotyetclearhowadvertiserswillrespond.GetingaDNTsignaldoesnotobligeanyonetostoptracking,althoughsomecompanieshavepromisedtodoso.UnabletotellwhethersomeonereallyobjectstobehaviouraladsorwhethertheyarestickingwithMicrosoft’sdefault,somemayignoreaDNTsignalandpressonanyway.

    AlsouncleariswhyMicrosofthasgoneitalone.Atterall,ithasanadbusinesstoo,whichitsayswillcomplywithDNTrequests,thoughitisstillworkingouthow.IfitistryingtoupsetGoogle,whichreliesalmostwhollyondefaultwillbecomethenorm.DNTdoesnotseemanobviouslyhugesellingpointforwindows8-thoughthefirmhascomparedsomeofitsotherproductsfavourablywithGoogle'sonthatcountbefore.BrendonLynch,M

    Microsoft'schiefprivacyofficer,bloggde:

"webelieveconsumersshouldhavemorecontrol."Coulditreallybethatsimple?

    26.Itissuggestedinparagraph1that“behavioural”adshelpadvertisersto:

    [A]easecompetitionamongthemselves

    [B]lowertheiroperationalcosts

    [C]avoidcomplaintsfromconsumers

    [D]providebetteronlineservices

    27.“Theindustry”（Line6,Para.3）refersto:

    [A]onlineadvertisers

    [B]e-commerceconductors

    [C]digitalinformationanalysis

    [D]internetbrowserdevelopers

    28.BobLiodiceholdsthatsettingDNTasadefault

    [A]manycutthenumberofjunkads

    [B]failstoaffecttheadindustry

    [C]willnotbenefitconsumers

    [D]goesagainsthumannature

    29.whichofthefollowingistureaccordingtoParagraph.6?

    [A]DNTmaynotserveitsintendedpurpose

    [B]AdvertisersarewillingtoimplementDNT

    [C]DNTislosingitspopularityamongconsumers

    [D]Advertisersareobl