英语四级模拟题带答案一至五.docx

英语四级模拟题带答案一至五.docx

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英语四级模拟题带答案一至五

大学英语四级考试模拟题一

PartⅠWriting（30minutes）

Directions：

Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonthetopic:

ONE–OFFCHOPSTICKS.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese：

1.你和你的朋友在餐厅就餐，你的朋友对餐厅提供的非一次性筷子不满。

2.餐厅的负责人解释说这是为了节约资源，并保证这些餐具已经严格消毒；

3.你对此事的看法和采取的做法。

　　One-offChopsticks

注意：

此部分试题在答题卡1上。

PartⅡReadingComprehension（SkimmingandScanning）（15minutes）

Directions：

Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

考试就注意：

此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答；8-10题在答题卡1上。

　　PlasticBagPollution

Theuseofplasticbagshasincreasedatanalarmingratesincetheybecamepopularinthe1980s.Bigblackbinliners,plasticcarrierbagscarryingadvertisinglogos,clearsandwichbagsandavarietyofotherforms.They’relightweight,handyandeasilydiscarded.Tooeasilydiscarded.Justtakealookaroundyou.Plasticbagscanbeseenhangingfromthebranches,flyingintheair,settledamongstbushes,andfloatingonrivers.Theyblockupdrainscausingwaterandsewagetooverflowandbecomethebreedinggroundsofbacteriathatcausediseases.

Plasticbagsaredifficultandcostlytorecycleandmostenduponlandfillsiteswheretheytakearound300yearstodecay.Theybreakdownintotinytoxicparticlesthatpollutethesoilandwaterwaysandenterthefoodchainwhenanimalsaccidentallyconsumethem.Buttheproblemssurroundingwasteplasticbagsstartlongbeforetheydecay.Ourplanetisbecomingincreasinglyendangeredbyourover-useofplasticbags.

ProductionofPlasticBags

Plasticbagsaremadefromethylene（乙烯），agasthatisproducedasaby-productofoil,gasandcoalproduction.Ethyleneismadeintopolymers（聚合体）—chainsofethylenemolecules—calledpolyethylene.Thissubstance,alsoknownaspolythene,isusedtoproducearangeofitems,includingplasticbags.

Youhaveprobablynoticedtwotypesofplasticshoppingbags—thelighter,filmybagsyougetfromsupermarketsandfoodoutlets,andtheheavierbagsfromotherretailoutlets,likeclothingstores.Thesupermarketbagsaremadefromhighdensitypolyethylene（HDPE）,whilethethickerbagsaremadefromlowdensitypolyethylene（LDPE）.UnlikeHDPE,LDPEcannotberecycled.Whileplasticbagsmaynotbethemosthightechapplicationofplasticstechnology,itiscertainlyoneofthemostprevalent.AccordingtoCleanUpAustralia,Australiansuseinexcessof6billionplasticbagsperyear.Iftiedtogetherthesebagswouldformachainthatislongenoughtogoaroundtheworld37times.Morethanhalfofthesebags（3.6billion）aremadefromHDPE.

DangerstoSeaLife

Plasticbagsarenowamongstthetop12itemsofwastemostoftenfoundalongthecoastlines.Animalsandseacreaturesarehurtandkilledeverydaybydiscardedplasticbags—adeadturtlewithaplasticbaghangingfromitsmouthisn’tapleasantsightbutmistakingplasticbagsforfoodiscommonplaceamongstmarineanimals.Plasticblockstheirintestines（肠道）andleadstoslowstarvation.Othersbecomeentangledinplasticbagsanddrown.

Becauseplasticbagstakehundredsofyearstobreakdown,everyyearourseasbecome“home”tomoreandmorebagsthatfindtheirwaytherethroughoursewersandwaterways.Everybagthat’swasheddownadrainduringrainfallendsupinthesea;everybagthat’sflusheddownatoiletendsupinthesea;everybagthat’sblownintoariverwillmostlikelyendupinthesea.Onedisquietingfactstemmingfromthisisthatplasticbagscanbecomeserialkillers.Onceananimaldietofplasticbags,itdecaysatamuchfasterratethanthebag.Oncetheanimalhasdecomposed,thebagisreleasedbackintotheenvironmentmoreorlessintact,readytobeeatenbyanothermisguidedorganism.Theincrediblyslowrateofdecayofplasticbagsalsomeansthateachbagweusecompoundstheproblem,becausethebagssimplyaccumulate.

PollutionTaxes&Bans

Differentcountrieshaveadoptedarangeofapproachestodiscouragetheuseofplasticbagsinanattempttocutdownonthenumberofbagsfindingtheirwayintotheenvironment.InSouthAfricaforinstance,whereanestimatedeightbillionplasticbagsareusedannually,thegovernmenthasimplementednewregulationsthatwillseeonlythicker,moredurableplasticbagsproduced.Aswellasmakingthemmoresuitableforreuse,itishopedthattheextracostassociatedwiththeirproductionandsupplywillpreventretailersgivingthehigherqualitybagsaway,makingtheiruseamoreexpensiveoptionforconsumers.

TheuseofplasticbagsisbeingdiscouragedinotherplacessuchasSingaporeandTainwan,whilethetaximposedontheuseofplasticshoppingbagsinIrelandhasresultedintheuseofplasticshoppingbagsbeingreducedby90%injustsixmonths.Priortothe15eurocentperbagtax,itwasestimatedthat1.2millionplasticshoppingbagswerebeinghandedoutinIrelandperyear.Themoneyraisedfromthetaxwillbeusedtofundenvironmentalinitiatives.

Whileanythingthatlowersourconsumptionisgood,whywaituntilwe’rehitfinanciallybeforewechangeourhabitswhenchangesaren’tdifficulttomake?

Howabouttakingpreviouslyusedbagswithyounexttimeyougototheshops?

Orevenbetter—turnbacktimeanddoasgrandmadidandtakeabamboobasketwithyoueverytimeyougoshopping.Shop-ownerswouldratheryouusetheirbagsasthey’reaconvenientandcheapformofadvertising,butwhat’smoreimportant,shareholderprofitsortheenvironment?

Plasticbagscanbere-cycledalthoughonlyaboutoneinevery200everfindsitswaytoarecyclingunit.Findoutifthere’sare-cyclingbinnearyouand,ifnot,askyourlocalauthorityforone.

GreenhouseGases

Somecountrieshaveintroducedsocalled“environmentallyfriendlyplasticbags”thatarebiodegradable（可生物降解）.Thesebagstakeaboutthreeyearstobreakdownintopracticallynothingandwhilethatsoundslikeanattractivesolution,thetruthisthattheprocessofbreakingdownthesepetrol-basedbagscausescarbontobecomemethane（甲烷）whichisagreenhousegas.

It’salsopossibletoget“plastic”bagsmanufacturedfromcorn.Thesebreakdownveryquicklyandgiveoffnomoremethanethananothercornproductonlandfillsites.Unfortunately,they’remoreexpensivetoproduceandfewshopsusethem.

GarbageBins

Onequestionthat’softenraisedinconnectionwiththeplasticbagdilemmaiswhatshouldbeusedtolinebinsifnotplasticbags?

Toanswerthat,let’sgobackintimetowhenplasticbagswereyettobecomecommonplace.Whatdidwedo?

Forone,wehadfarlessgarbage.Goodshadmuchlesspackagingthanisthecasetodaysowedidn’tfillourbinsasquickly.Peelings,eggshells,teabagsandcoffeegroundswereallusedascompost（肥料）forcrops,aswasanypaperthatwasn’tneededforlightingfires.Whatwasleftwentintoanunlinedbinwithanythingdirtyorwetbeingwrappedinnewspaperfirst.

Ifwechoosecarefullywhenshoppingsoasnottobringhomemorepackagingthannecessary—there’sreallynopointinbringithomejusttothrowitstraightinthebinwhenweunpack,theamountofwastethatgoesintothekitchenbinwillbehalved,atleast.

IndividualEffort

Byrefusingtouseplasticbags,youcanmakeahugedifferencetothepollutionproblem.Rememberthateachpersonusesabout83bagsayear.Iftherearefourpeopleinyourfamily,that’s332plasticbagslesseveryyear.That’s332bagslessthatwill:

—releasetoxinsintothegroundwaterfromlandfillsites

—stayintheenvironmentforhundredsofyears

—getintothefoodchainthroughanimals

—wasteenergyduringthemanufacturingprocess

—killanyoftheestimated100,000marineanimalsthatdieeachyearofplasticpollution

Theseareall-importantfactorsthathaveaprofoundaffectonourenvironmentandthecreaturesweshareourplanetwith.Shouldwereallyputourownselfishneedsbeforetheneedsofeverythingaroundusnowandthelivesoffuturegenerations?

That’suptoyoutodecide.

1.Manythick,clothing-carryingplasticbags,madefrom________,canhardlyberecycled.

A.highdensitypolyethyleneB.lowdensitypolyethylene

C.oilandcoalD.gasandcola

2.Theannualuseofplasticbagsin________exceeds6billion.

A.SingaporeB.AustraliaC.IrelandD.Taiwan

3.Plasticbagscanbecomeahorribleserialkillerbecauseof________.

A.theirtoxicparticlesB.theirlightweight

C.theirincrediblyslowrateofdecayD.theiroverusebypeople

4.InSouthAfrica,inlinewithanewgovernmentregulation,________willbebannedfromproduction.

A.thicker,moredurableplasticbagsB.plasticbagssuitableforreuse

C.thinner,short-livingplasticbagsD.thicker,higher-qualityplasticbags

5.________,thoughfriendlytotheenvironment,costtoomuchinmanufacturetowidelyused.

A.ThepetrolbasedbagsB.Themethane-releasingbags

C.Thecarbon-releasingbagsD.hecorn-basedbags

6.Whatisbotheringpeopleinconnectionwithplasticbagdilemma?

A.Thequestionofwhatshouldbeusedtoreplaceplasticbagsasgarbagebinliners.

B.Thefactthatonlyoneinevery200plasticbagsendupbeingrecycled.

C.Theincreasingamountofgarbage.

D.Thehighcostinvolvedinproducingenvironmentallyfriendlybags.

7.It’sestimatedthateveryyearabout________arekilledbydiscardedplasticbags.

A.10,000animalsB.100,000seaanimals

C.100,000landanimalsD.10,000wildlife

8.Thefinaldestinationofmanycarelesslydiscardedplasticbagsis______________