美国宪法中英文对照版.docx

美国宪法中英文对照版.docx

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美国宪法中英文对照版

ConstitutionoftheUnitedStates

美国宪法中英文对照版

Preamble

We,thepeopleoftheUnitedStates,inordertoformamoreperfectUnion,establishjustice,insuredomestictranquility,provideforthecommondefense,promotethegeneralwelfare,andsecuretheblessingsoflibertytoourselvesandourposterity,doordainandestablishthisConstitutionfortheUnitedStatesofAmerica.

序言

我们美利坚合众国的人民，为了组织一个更完善的联邦，树立正义，保障国内的安宁，建立共同的国防，增进全民福利和确保我们自己及我们后代能安享自由带来的幸福，乃为美利坚合众国制定和确立这一部宪法。

ArticleI

Section1-Legislativepowers;inwhomvested

AlllegislativepowershereingrantedshallbevestedinaCongressoftheUnitedStates,whichshallconsistofaSenateandHouseofRepresentatives.

第一条

第一款本宪法所规定的立法权，全属合众国的国会，国会由一个参议院和一个众议院组成。

Section2-HouseofRepresentatives,howandbywhomchosenQualificationsofaRepresentative.Representativesanddirecttaxes,howapportioned.Enumeration.Vacanciestobefilled.Powerofchoosingofficers,andofimpeachment.

1.TheHouseofRepresentativesshallbecomposedofmemberschoseneverysecondyearbythepeopleoftheseveralStates,andtheelectorineachStateshallhavethequalificationsrequisiteforelectorsofthemostnumerousbranchoftheStateLegislature.

众议院应由各州人民每两年选举一次之议员组成，各州选举人应具有该州州议会中人数最多之一院的选举人所需之资格。

2.NopersonshallbeaRepresentativewhoshallnothaveattainedtheageoftwenty-fiveyears,andbeensevenyearsaCitizenoftheUnitedStates,andwhoshallnot,whenelected,beaninhabitantofthatStateinwhichheshallbechosen.

凡年龄未满二十五岁，或取得合众国公民资格未满七年，或于某州当选而并非该州居民者，均不得任众议员。

3.RepresentativesanddirecttaxesshallbeapportionedamongtheseveralStateswhichmaybeincludedwithinthisUnion,accordingtotheirrespectivenumbers,whichshallbedeterminedbyaddingthewholenumberoffreepersons,includingthoseboundtoserviceforatermofyears,andexcludingIndiansnottaxed,three-fifthsofallotherpersons.（TheprevioussentencewassupercededbyAmendmentXIV，前面语句已由宪法修正案XIV替代）.TheactualenumerationshallbemadewithinthreeyearsafterthefirstmeetingoftheCongressoftheUnitedStates,andwithineverysubsequenttermoftenyears,insuchmannerastheyshallbylawdirect.ThenumberofRepresentativesshallnotexceedoneforeverythirtythousand,buteachStateshallhaveatleastoneRepresentative;anduntilsuchenumerationshallbemade,theStateofNewHampshireshallbeentitledtochoosethree,Massachusettseight,RhodeIslandandProvidencePlantationsone,Connecticutfive,NewYorksix,NewJerseyfour,Pennsylvaniaeight,Delawareone,Marylandsix,Virginiaten,NorthCarolinafive,SouthCarolinafive,andGeorgiathree.

众议员人数及直接税税额，应按联邦所辖各州的人口数目比例分配，此项人口数目的计算法，应在全体自由人民－－包括订有契约的短期仆役，但不包括末被课税的印第安人－－数目之外，再加上所有其他人口之五分之三。

实际人口调查，应于合众国国会第一次会议后三年内举行，并于其后每十年举行一次，其调查方法另以法律规定之。

众议员的数目，不得超过每三万人口有众议员一人，但每州至少应有众议员一人，在举行人囗调查以前，各州得按照下列数目选举众议员:

新罕布什尔三人、马萨诸塞八人、罗德岛及普罗维登斯垦殖区一人、康涅狄格五人、纽约州六人．新泽西四人、宾夕法尼亚八人、特拉华一人、马里兰六人、弗吉尼亚十人、北卡罗来纳五人、南卡罗来纳五人、乔治亚三人。

4.WhenvacancieshappenintherepresentationfromanyState,theExecutiveAuthoritythereofshallissuewritsofelectiontofillsuchvacancies.

任何一州的众议员有缺额时，该州的行政长官应颁选举令，选出众议员以补充缺额。

5.TheHouseofRepresentativesshallchoosetheirSpeakerandotherofficers;andshallhavethesolepowerofimpeachment.

众议院应选举该除议长及其他官员，只有众议院具有提出弹劾案的权力。

Section3-Senators,howandbywhomchosen.Howclassified.StateExecutive,whentomaketemporaryappointments,incase,etc.QualificationsofaSenator.PresidentoftheSenate,hisrighttovote.Presidentprotem.,andotherofficersoftheSenate,howchosen.Powertotryimpeachments.WhenPresidentistried,ChiefJusticetopreside.Sentence.

1.TheSenateoftheUnitedStatesshallbecomposedoftwoSenatorsfromeachState,forsixyears;andeachSenatorshallhaveonevote.

合众国的参议院由每州选举两名参议员组成之，参议员的任期为六年，每名参议员有一票表决权。

2.Immediatelyaftertheyshallbeassembledinconsequenceofthefirstelection,theyshallbedividedasequallyasmaybeintothreeclasses.TheseatsoftheSenatorsofthefirstclassshallbevacatedattheexpirationofthesecondyear,ofthesecondclassattheexpirationofthefourthyear,andofthethirdclassattheexpirationofthesixthyear,sothatone-thirdmaybechoseneverysecondyear;andifvacancieshappenbyresignation,orotherwise,duringtherecessoftheLegislatureofanyState,theExecutivethereofmaymaketemporaryappointmentsuntilthenextmeetingoftheLegislature,whichshallthenfillsuchvacancies.（ThewordsinitalicsweresupercededbyAmendmentXVII）

合众国的参议院由每州的州议会选举两名参议员组成之，参议员的任期为六年，每名参议员有一票表决权。

参议员于第一次选举后举行会议之时，应当立即尽量均等地分成三组。

第一组参议员的任期，到第二年年终时届满，第二组到第四年年终时届满，第三组到第六年年终时届满，俾使每两年有三分之一的参议员改选，如果在某州州议会休会期间，有参议员因辞职或其它原因出缺，该州的行政长官得任命临时参议员，等到州议会下次集会时，再予选举补缺（宪法修正案XVII对本条款做了部分修改）。

3.NopersonshallbeaSenatorwhoshallnothaveattainedtotheageofthirtyyears,andbeennineyearsaCitizenoftheUnitedStates,andwhoshallnot,whenelected,beaninhabitantofthatStateforwhichheshallbechosen.

凡年龄未满三十岁，或取得合众国公民资格未满九年，或于某州当选而并非该州居民者，均不得任参议员

4.TheVice-PresidentoftheUnitedStatesshallbePresidentoftheSenate,butshallhavenovote,unlesstheybeequallydivided.

合众国副总统应为参议院议长，除非在投票票数相等时，议长无投票权。

5.TheSenateshallchoosetheirotherofficers,andalsoaPresidentprotempore,intheabsenceoftheVicePresident,orwhenheshallexercisetheofficeofthePresidentoftheUnitedStates.

参议院应选举该院的其他官员，在副总统缺席或执行合众国总统职务时，还应选举临时议长。

6.TheSenateshallhavethesolepowertotryallimpeachments.Whensittingforthatpurpose,theyshallbeonoathoraffirmation.WhenthePresidentoftheUnitedStatesistried,theChiefJusticeshallpreside:

andnopersonshallbeconvictedwithouttheconcurrenceoftwo-thirdsofthememberspresent.

所有弹劾案，只有参议院有权审理。

在开庭审理弹劾案时，参议员们均应宣誓或誓愿。

如受审者为合众国总统，则应由最高法院首席大法官担任主席，在末得出席的参议员的三分之二的同意时，任何人不得被判有罪。

7.Judgementincasesofimpeachmentshallnotextendfurtherthantoremovalfromoffice,anddisqualificationtoholdandenjoyanyofficeofhonor,trust,orprofitundertheUnitedStates:

butthepartyconvictedshallneverthelessbeliableandsubjecttoindictment,trial,judgementandpunishment,accordingtolaw.

弹劾案的判决，不得超过免职及取消其担任合众国政府任何有荣誉、有责任或有俸禄的职位之资格，但被判处者仍须服从另据法律所作之控诉、审讯、判决及惩罚。

Section4-Times,etc.,ofholdingelections,howprescribed.Onesessionineachyear.

1.Thetimes,placesandmannerofholdingelectionsforSenatorsandRepresentatives,shallbeprescribedineachStatebytheLegislaturethereof;buttheCongressmayatanytimebylawmakeoraltersuchregulations,exceptastotheplacesofchoosingSenators.

各州州议会应规定本州参议员及众议员之选举时间、地点及程序，但国会得随时以法律制定或变更此种规定，惟有选举议员的地点不在此例。

2.TheCongressshallassembleatleastonceineveryyear,andsuchmeetingshallbeonthefirstMondayinDecember,（ThewordsinitalicsweresupercededbyAmendmentXX，宪法修正案对此有修改）unlesstheybylawappointadifferentday.

国会应至少每年集会一次，开会日期应为十二月的第一个星期一，除非他们通过法律来指定另一个日期。

Section5-Membership,Quorum,Adjournments,Rules,Powertopunishorexpel.Journal.Timeofadjournments,howlimited,etc.

1.EachHouseshallbethejudgeoftheelections,returnsandqualificationsofitsownmembers,andamajorityofeachshallconstituteaquorumtodobusiness;butasmallernumbermayadjournfromdaytoday,andmaybeauthorizedtocompeltheattendanceofabsentmembers,insuchmanner,andundersuchpenaltiesaseachHousemayprovide.

参众两院应各自审查本院的选举、选举结果报告和本院议员的资格，每院议员过半数即构成可以议事的法定人数，不足法定人数时，可以一天推一天地延期开会，并有权依照各该议院所规定的程序和罚则，强迫缺席的议员出席。

2.EachHousemaydeterminetherulesofitsproceedings,punishitsmembersfordisorderlybehavior,and,withtheconcurrenceoftwo-thirds,expelamember.

参众两院得各自规定本院的议事规则，处罚本院扰乱秩序的议员，并且得以三分之二的同意，开除本院的议员。

3.EachHouseshallkeepajournalofitsproceedings,andfromtimetotimepublishthesame,exceptingsuchpartsasmayintheirjudgementrequiresecrecy;andtheyeasandnaysofthemembersofeitherHouseonanyquestionshall,atthedesireofone-fifthofthosepresent,beenteredonthejournal.

参众两院应各自保存一份议事记录，并经常公布，惟各该院认为应保守秘密之部分除外，两院议员对于每一问题之赞成或反对，如有五分之一出席议员请求，则应记载于议事记录内。

4.NeitherHouse,duringthesessionofCongress,shall,withouttheconsentoftheother,adjournformorethanthreedays,nortoanyotherplacethanthatinwhichthetwoHousesshallbesitting.

在国会开会期间，任一议院未得别院同意，不得休会三日以上，亦不得迁往非两院开会的其他地点。

Section6-Compensation,Privileges,Disqualificationincertaincases.

1.TheSenatorsandRepresentativesshallreceiveacompensationfortheirservices,tobeascertainedbylaw,andpaidoutoftheTreasuryoftheUnitedStates.Theyshallinallcases,excepttreason,felonyandbreachofthepeace,beprivilegedfromarrestduringtheirattendanceatthesessionoftheirrespectiveHouses,andingoingtoandreturningfromthesame;andforanyspeechordebateineitherHouse,theyshallnotbequestionedinanyotherplace.

参议员与众议员得因其服务而获报酬，报酬的多寡由法律定之，并由合众国国库支付。

两院议员除犯叛国罪、重罪以及扰乱治安罪外，在出席各该院会议及往返各该院途中，有不受逮捕之特权，两院议员在议院内所发表之演说及辩论，在其它场合不受质询。

2.NoSenatororRepresentativeshall,duringthetimeforwhichhewaselected,beappointedtoanycivilofficeundertheauthorityoftheUnitedStates,whichshallhaveincreasedduringsuchtime;andnopersonholdinganyofficeundertheUnitedStates,shallbeamemberofeitherHouseduringhiscontinuanceinoffice.

参议员或众议员不得在其当选任期内担任合众国政府任何新添设的职位，或在其任期内支取因新职位而增添的俸禄，在合众国政府供职的人，不得在其任职期间担任国会议员。

Section7-Housetooriginateallrevenuebills.Veto.Billmaybepassedbytwo-thirdsofeachHouse,notwithstanding,etc.Bill,notreturnedintendaystobecomealaw.Provisionsastoorders,concurrentresolutions,etc.

1.AllbillsforraisingrevenueshalloriginateintheHouseofRepresentatives;buttheSenatemayproposeorconcurwithamendmentsasonotherbills.

有关征税的所有法案应在众议院中提出，但参议院得以处理其它法案的方式，以修正案提出建议或表示同意。

2.Everybillwhi