最新中考初中英语被动语态讲解精心整理.docx
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最新中考初中英语被动语态讲解精心整理
中考初中英语被动语态讲解(精心整理)
◆定义
语态是动词的一种形式,表示主语和谓语之间的关系。
英语有两种语态:
主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是谓语的执行者。
被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者。
◆被动语态的构成:
助动词be+及物动词的过去分词
◆被动语态的时态:
“主动语态变被动语态,时态不变动”,即助动词be的时态要跟原主动语态中的时态保持一致。
请看下表:
时态
被动结构
一般现在时
am/is/are+过去分词
一般过去时
was/were+过去分词
一般将来时
will/shallbe+过去分词
现在进行时
am/is/arebeing+过去分词
现在完成时
have/hasbeen+过去分词
含情态动词
can/may/must...be+过去分词
◆主动语态变被动语态的方法
第一步:
先确定主动句的主、谓、宾,找出其中的谓语动词。
第二步:
把主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语,若宾语是人称代词,变宾格为主格。
第三步:
把主动句中的谓语动词变为“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”,时态不变。
第四步:
把主动句中的主语变为被动句中介词by的宾语(没必要说出动作的执行者时,“by+宾语”在句中常省略。
),若主语是人称代词,应把主格变为宾格。
请对比下面的主动句和被动句:
主动语态:
They(主语) grow(谓语) tea(宾语) inthesoutheastofChina.
被动语态:
Tea(主语) isgrown(谓语) bythem inthesoutheastofChina.
随堂演练(把下列句型改为被动句)
1.Brucewritesalettereveryweek.
→
2.LiLeimendedthebrokenbikethismorning.
→
3.Wegrowtreeseveryspring.
→
4.Mymothercleansourroomeverymorning.
→
补充:
S+V+IO+DO双宾语的结构变为被动语态时,可把其中一个宾语变为被动语态的主语。
若将直接宾语变为主语,需根据习惯在原间宾语前加上介词to或for。
用to的常见词有:
give,show,send,lend,pass,pay,teach,throw,bring…….
用for的常见词有:
design,choose,sing,buy,get,cook……
1.Marygavehimsomebooks.
HewasgivensomebooksbyMary.
SomebooksweregiventohimbyMary.
2.Herfatherboughtheranewbike.
Shewasboughtanewbikebyherfather.
Anewbikewasboughtforherbyherfather.
随堂演练:
(1)Hegavemeabook.
→____________________________________(间接宾语作主语)
→____________________________________(直接宾语作主语)
(2)Myfatherboughtmeanewbike.
→____________________________________(间接宾语作主语)
→____________________________________(直接宾语作主语)
S+V+O+OC带复合宾语(宾语+宾语补足语)的结构变为被动语态时,只能将宾语变为被动语态的主语,宾语补足语不可变为主语。
1.WecallhimGina.
→HeiscalledGina(byus).
2.Theymademehappy.
→Iwasmadehappy(bythem).
3.Heaskedmetocomehere.
→Iwasaskedtocomehere(byhim)
补充:
在主动语态中,使役动词和感官动词后接动词原形(即省to的动词不定式),在变成被动语态时,需将to补上。
使役动词let除外。
使役动词和感官动词有:
一感(feel),二听(hear,listento),三让(make,have,let),四看(lookat,see,watch,notice)
Isawhimplayfootballontheplaygroundjustnow.
→Hewasseentoplayfootballontheplaygroundbyme.
随堂演练:
1.Wesawthem_______(play)football.
They___________________________football.
2.Weoftenhearher_______(sing)inEnglish.
She_____often______________inEnglish.
另:
see,hear后接doing作宾补时,在变为被动语态时不加to。
Icanhearhimsinging.
He____________________________.
◆被动语态的否定句和一般疑问句
ThephotosweretakeninJapan.
1(改为否定句)
②(改为一般疑问句,并做肯定和否定回答)
◆被动语态的用法
(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。
Mybikewasstolenyesterday.
(2)强调动作的执行者时,使用“by+执行者”。
Thepenwasusedbymyfather.
【注意】只有及物动词才有被动语态。
不及物动词如rise,come,go,happen,takeplace等,没有被动语态。
◆被动语态注意点
Ø含“不及物动词+介词/副词”(短语动词)的句子变成被动语态时,介词或副词不能丢掉。
Shetookgoodcareofhergrandmother.
→Hergrandmotherwastakengoodcareofbyher.
随堂演练
1.Peopleoftentalkaboutthatfilm.
Thatfilmisoftentalked______.
2.Helooksaftermeverywell.
I________________________________.
3.Thenursetookgoodcareofthesickman.
Thesickman__________________.
4.Weshouldspeaktotheoldpeoplepolitely.
Theoldpeopleshould_______________politely.
Ø主动形式表示被动意义.(强调动作自然发生,或事物本身性质)
a)某些连系动词:
look,smell,taste,feel,sound。
主动形式表示被动意义。
Themusic________(听起来)interesting.
b)说明主语特征、状态的词。
这类词通常主动表被动。
growwell,,washwell,writewell,sellwell,readwell,breakeasily,hurtbadly(疼得厉害)
随堂演练
1.Wegrowriceeveryyear.Anditgrowswell.
2.Theglasswasbrokenbyaboy.Thiskindofglass______easily.(容易碎)
3.Thepenissoldhere.Itwell.(写起来好)
4.Thatbookissoldhere.It________/_______well.(卖得好)(读起来好)
5.Theshirtiswashedeveryday.Andit_______well.(洗起来好)
6.Ilikeeatingthefood.Andit______well(吃起来好)
7.He_______byacaryesterday.Now,hishead_________(疼)badly.
c)当open,close,shut,lock,move等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时,通常主动表被动。
d)need,want,require等动词以及形容词worth(值得)后面,跟-ing的主动形式表达被动意义。
needdoingsth=needtobedone
wantdoingsth=wanttobedone
requiredoingsth=requiretobedone
beworthdoingsth值得被做某事
Myoldbikeneedsrepairing=Myoldbikeneedstoberequired。
我的旧自行车需要修一下。
随堂演练
Myclothesneed___________(wash).
Thebookisworth___________(read)twice.
Thehouseneeds__________(repair).
Ø表示动作自然发生的动词,如:
appear,comeout,happen,takeplace,die,disappear,fall,breakdown,itch,rise,belongto
随堂演练
1.Insummer,leaves________(落下).
2.Hiscar________(抛锚了)onthewayhere.
3.Anaccident_____(发生)andhe_____(死了).
4.Greatchanges__________(发生)overtheyears.
5.Abigcloud________(出现)whenthesun_______(消失).
6.Ourteachertoldusthesun________(升起)intheeast.
一、英语阅读理解专项练习试卷
1.阅读理解
Ihaveaneighbourwecall"Happy".Ihaveneverseenherangryatanythingandneverheardhersayabadwordtoanyoneoraboutanyone.
HappyandherhusbandBen,70,haveahugegarden.Theyspentmanyhappyhourstogetherworkingonit.MostoftheneighbourswatchedinterestinglyasBendoubledthesizeoftheirgarden.AsthecostoffoodclimbedfasterthanBen'sbeans,weallwishedwealsohadsuchalargegarden.Astherestofusspentourdollarsatthemarket,Happycouldbeseenpickingbeansinherbackyard.
Lastmonth,HappyandBeninvitedmostoftheneighboursoverforan"all-dayfoodfest(聚会)".Weweretoldtobringglovesandarriveveryearlyinthemorning.Wedidn'tknowwhatwasabouttotakeplace.
By9:
00a.m.,therewerenineofusinthegardenpickingtomatoes,beans,cabbages,carrotsandpumpkins.By10:
00a.m.,therewaslotsoflaughter.Wesharedalotofstories.By5:
00p.m.,everyonewasalittledrunkfromthewineandbeer.Afterdinner,weplayedgames.Aswewereleaving,HappyandBenhandedeachofusashoppingbagfilledwithvegetablespickedthatday.Whatadelightfulgift!
Well,thepointwasn'tsomuchaboutthefood.Thetruegiftwasadayoffriendsgettingtogether.ThispartywouldnothavehappenedifithadnotbeenforHappyandBen'sgarden.Nowtheyhaveablogaboutgardening.Wecanreadtheirblogforadviceonplantingourgarden.Thankstothem,Iamsoproudofmynewtomatoplants!
(1)WecaninferthatHappyandherhusbandBen .
A. don'tlikespendingtimewithothers.
B. sometimesquarrelwitheachother.
C. liveonthefoodtheygrowintheirgarden.
D. arehappytosharewhattheyhavewithothers.
(2)Accordingtoparagraph2,peoplewishtheyalsohadagardensothat .
A. theydidn'thavetospendsomuchmoneyonfood.
B. theycouldgrowvegetablesandsellatthemarket.
C. theycouldinvitetheirneighboursandholdpartiesinit.
D. theycouldspendhappytimestogetherwiththeirfamilyinit.
(3)HappyandBeninvitedtheneighbourstotheirgarden .
A. toattendabirthdayparty. B. tohelpthemgettoknoweachother.
C. toenjoywhattheygrewinthegarden.
D. tosharesomeinterestingstories.
(4)Whichofthefollowingistherightorderaccordingtothepassage?
a.Wedrankwineandbeer,sharedstoriesandlaughter.
b.Wepickedtomatoes,beans,cabbages,carrotsandpumpkins.
c.WereceivedHappyandBen'sinvitation.
d.HappyandBengaveeachofusashoppingbagfilledwithvegetables.
e.Wewenttotheirhousewithglovesveryearlyinthemorning.
A. e﹣b﹣c﹣a﹣d B. c﹣b﹣e﹣a﹣d C. c﹣e﹣b﹣a﹣d D. e﹣b﹣c﹣d﹣a
(5)Whatdidthewritermostprobablythinkofthetimehespentinthegarden?
A. Itwastoolong.
B. Itwaswonderful.
C. Itwasnotasgoodashethought. D. Itwastooterrible.
【答案】
(1)D
(2)A
(3)B
(4)C
(5)B
【解析】【分析】短文大意:
文章主要讲述的是两个老人在种菜,之后邀请周围的邻居到家里做客,他们采摘并分享新鲜的蔬菜,分享生活中快乐的瞬间。
(1)细节理解题。
Aswewereleaving,HappyandBenhandedeachofusashoppingbagfilledwithvegetablespickedthatday.两个人发起了一场聚会,客人走的时候,每人发给一袋子蔬菜,由此可知两个人乐于分享,选择D。
(2)细节理解题。
AsthecostoffoodclimbedfasterthanBen'sbeans,weallwishedwealsohadsuchalargegarden因为价格蔬菜猛涨,他们希望有一个自己的花园种菜。
有了花园之后他们自己种菜就不用话那么多钱在食物上了。
选择A。
(3)细节理解题。
thepointwasn'tsomuchaboutthefood.Thetruegiftwasadayoffriendsgettingtogether最重要的不是赠予实物,而是聚在一起,相互分享开心的事。
选择B。
(4)细节理解题。
首先应该是人们得到邀请,之后戴着手套去他们家采摘蔬菜,吃饭,分享,并且获得新鲜的蔬菜,选择C。
(5)推理判断题。
thepointwasn'tsomuchaboutthefood.Thetruegiftwasadayoffriendsgettingtogether最重要的不是赠予实物,而是聚在一起,相互分享开心的事,所以这件事情是极好的,有意义的。
选择B。
【点评】此题考查阅读理解。
阅读题首先要快速浏览一遍文章,特别是对首尾段的浏览,因为主旨通常暗藏在首尾段;再带着问题有目的性地阅读,边读边找答案,通常问题的答案都暗含在原文中。
2.阅读理解
Lastweekend,ItookLucytoapark,whereshediscoveredatrackwithlargebumps(凸块)andsharptums.Atfirst,IthoughtLucywasabletorideherbikealongthetrack,butshequicklyfoundthatherbikewastoolowtothegroundandkeptgettingstuckontopofthebump.
Lucylookedatmewithfearbecauseshewasstillabikingnewbie.Itriedtoencouragehertoo,butreally,Iwasthinking﹣thisisgoingtobeadisaster.NotbecauseIthoughtshewouldgethurt.MorebecauseIthoughtshewouldn'tbeabletopickupenoughspeedtobalance,thengetreallydiscouraged,andgiveupquickly.Iimaginedherthrowingherbicycletothegroundandthencryingallthewayhome.
ButIwasonlyhalfright.Lucydidhavealotoftroubleridingthebike.Shecouldn'tfindherbalance.Shefellmanytimes.Atonepoint,shealmoststartedcryingbecauseyoungerkidsweregettingangrythatshewasslowingeveryoneelsedown.Butshedidnotgiveup.Shekeptpickingherselfupandtryingagain.Sheeventookthebikeoffthetrackandintothemainparktopracticepushingoffandpickingupspeedonaflatground.Whenshefeltmoreconfident,shecameback.Thenshediditoverandoveragainuntilshefinallyreachedhergoalofgoingaroundthewholetrackwithoutfallingonce.Thenshedidn'twanttoleav