07 Unit 3 Section A 高二英语人教版选择性必修第二册解析版.docx

07 Unit 3 Section A 高二英语人教版选择性必修第二册解析版.docx

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07Unit3SectionA高二英语人教版选择性必修第二册解析版

Unit3Foodandculture

3.1ReadingandThinking

I.阅读理解

1

Whydoyouthinkpeoplewholiveinsomehotcountrieseatveryspicy（辛辣的）food?

Isitbecausethespicesmakethefoodtastebetter?

Isitjustbecausetheirparentsandgrandparentsandgreat-grandparentslikedhotfood，oristheresomeconnectionbetweenspicesandhealthyfood?

ResearchersfromCornellUniversitythinkthatitisbecausespiceplantshavesomeimportantchemicals.Thesechemicalscankillbacteria（细菌）whichspoilfood.“Mostcommonspicescankill75to100percentofthebacteriainfood，”explainsoneofthescientists.Thebacteriagrowmoreeasilyandspoilfoodmorequicklyathighertemperatures.Forthisreason，itismoredifficulttokeepfoodfromspoilinginhotclimates.

Doyoulikeyourfoodspicy?

Youranswerprobablytellssomethingaboutthecountryyoucomefrom.Ifyoulikespicyfood，itispossiblethathundredsofyearsago，whentherewerenofridges，peopleinyourcountrystartedusingspicestokeepthefoodfromspoiling.Thetraditionalspicydisheshelpedthosepeopletolivelonger，healthierlives.Today，inatimeoffridges，thespicesjustmakethefoodtastegood.

1.Thechemicalsinspiceskeepfoodfromspoilingby_________.

A.makingfoodtastebetter

B.makingfoodhotter

C.preventingbacteriagettingintofood

D.killingbacteriainfood

2.Foodgoesbadmorequicklyinhotclimatesbecause_______.

A.coldtemperaturemakesbacteria

B.bacteriagetusedtohotfood

C.hightemperaturehelpsbacteriagrowfaster

D.bacteriaspoilfoodonlyathightemperature

3.Accordingtothepassage，spicesareusefulinthefollowingthingsexcept_____.

A.helpingyoutolivelonger

B.helpingtokeepyouhealthier

C.makingyourfoodtastebetter

D.replacingfridges

【答案】1.D2.C3.D

【分析】

试题分析:

解析文章讲的是为什么人们喜欢吃辛辣的食物的原因

1.D考查细节理解题，根据第二段提到Thesechemicalscankillbacteria（细菌）whichspoilfood可知它们可以杀死食物中的细菌，故选D项。

2.C考查细节理解题。

根据第二段提到Thebacteriagrowmoreeasilyandspoilfoodmorequicklyathighertemperatures可知气温越高细菌越容易越快生长，从而导致食物的变质，故选C项。

3.D考查细节理解题。

根据最后一段提到Today，inatimeoffridges，thespicesjustmakethefoodtastegood今天把辛辣的食物放在冰箱，只是让食物更好今天，在冰箱的时代，辣椒只是为了让食物更好吃，故选D项。

2

Upto40%ofallfoodintheUnitedStatesiswasted.Producingfoodthatpeopledon’tconsumeswallowsuproughly20%ofAmerica’scroplandandagriculturalwater,andproducesgreenhousegasemissions（排放物）equalto37millionpassengervehicleseachyear.Yet,37millionAmericanslackconsistentaccesstoadequateandnutritiousfood.

NRDC’sFoodMattersInitiativepartnerscitiestoconfrontfoodwaste.FoodMattersispilotingall-round,cutting-edgestrategiesthatareeasytofollowandshare.Thefirsttwostrategies--andarguablythemostcriticalones--aretoestimatealocalbaselineleveloffoodwasteandthenassessthepotentialforrescuingsurplusfood.Abaselineisnecessaryinordertounderstandthescaleandnaturaloftheproblem.Itisalsoaprerequisite（先决条件）toassessinganyprogressmade,whichwillhelpinformfutureprogramdevelopment.

UsingacalculatortoolNRDCdevelopedbasedontheFoodMattersresearchmodels,theAtlanta’sMayor’sOfficeofResiliencehadabetterunderstandingofthequalitiesofwastedfoodandwhereitwaslikelyoccurring.ThisallowedthecitytofocustheattentiononthesolutionsthatweremorecloselyrelatedtothesituationinAtlanta.

AsinmanycitiesacrosstheU.S.,muchofthefoodwastedinAtlantaoccursinhouseholdsandconsumer-facingbusinessessuchasrestaurants.Armedwiththisinformation,theMayor’sOfficeofResilience,createsarestaurantchallengeencouragingrestaurantstoworkontheentiresystemofreduction,rescue,andrecycling.After90daysandparticipationfrom6restaurantsatAtlanta’sHartsfieldJacksonairport,theprogramrescue21,000mealsandsavedownersover$62000.

Atlanta’srestaurantchallengeisoneofahandfulofexampleswherecitieshaveengaged（吸引）consumer-facingfoodbusinessestoreducetheirfoodwaste.NewYorkledthechargewithaMayor’schallengetorestaurants.Denverrecentlycompletedaseriesofneighborhoodrestaurantchallenges.NashvillehasanongoingMayor’sFoodSaverChallengeincludingnotjustrestaurantsbutotherfoodbusinessesaswell.Severalothercitiesandcountriesthroughoutthecountryhavesimilarbusinessengagementsuccessstories.

4.Whatarethedatamainlyaboutinparagraph1?

A.theharmoffoodwasteB.thecauseoffoodpollution

C.theimportanceoffoodsafetyD.thesolutiontofoodwaste.

5.HowdoesAtlantabenefitfromthecalculatortoolofNRDC?

A.Itmakesnewplansforbanningfoodwaste

B.Ithelpsthecitybetterworkonthesolutions.

C.Itteststheworkefficiencyofthegovernment

D.Itincreasesthepotentialforrecyclingfoodwaste.

6.Whatistherestaurantchallengemainlyabout?

A.Inspiringcustomerstoorderfoodbasedonactualneed

B.Teachingwaiterstodealwithfoodwasteinthegreenerway.

C.Encouragingrestaurantstoreducefoodwasteineveryprocess.

D.Makingrestaurantscompetewitheachotherinwasterecycling.

7.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?

A.RestaurantchallengesonlyworkinAmerica

B.Moreandmorecitiesarefocusingonfoodwaste.

C.Foodbusinessesarethemainsourcesoffoodwaste.

D.Itisdifficulttocompletetherestaurantchallenges.

【答案】4.A5.B6.C7.B

【分析】

本文是说明文。

在美国，高达40%的食物被浪费了。

文章介绍了美国一些城市为应对食品浪费所作出的努力。

4.推理判断题。

文章第一段中提到一系列的数据“高达40%的食物被浪费了。

生产并不吃的粮食消耗了大约20%的农作物耕地和农业用水，产生的温室气体排放物等于3700万车辆一年的排放量。

而另一方面，3700万美国人并不能持续获得充足和有营养的食物。

”由此可知，这些数据是说明食物浪费造成的损失。

故选A项。

5.细节理解题。

文章第二段中提到“theAtlanta’sMayor’sOfficeofResiliencehadabetterunderstandingofthequalitiesofwastedfoodandwhereitwaslikelyoccurring.ThisallowedthecitytofocustheattentiononthesolutionsthatweremorecloselyrelatedtothesituationinAtlanta.”；根据其中的“focustheattentiononthesolutions”可知，亚特兰大市通过使用NRDC的计算器工具，对浪费食物的性质和可能发生的地点有更好的了解，这有助于该市更好地解决问题。

故选B项。

6.细节理解题。

文章第四段中提到“theMayor’sOfficeofResilience,createsarestaurantchallengeencouragingrestaurantstoworkontheentiresystemofreduction,rescue,andrecycling.（市长办公室创造了一个餐馆挑战，鼓励餐馆在整个系统中减少，防止浪费和回收。

）”。

由此可知，餐馆挑战主要是鼓励餐馆在整个过程中减少食物浪费。

故选C项。

7.推理判断题。

文章最后一段中提到“Atlanta’srestaurantchallengeisoneofahandfulofexampleswherecitieshaveengaged（吸引）consumer-facingfoodbusinessestoreducetheirfoodwaste.（亚特兰的餐厅挑战是吸引面向消费者的食品企业减少食物浪费的少数几个城市的例子之一。

）”，下文提到NewYork、Denver、Nashville以及Severalothercitiesandcountries等城市成功的做法，说明越来越多的城市致力于减少食物浪费。

故选B项。

3

Manyanimalsrecognizetheirfoodbecausetheyseeit.Sodohumans.Whenyouseeanappleorapieceofchocolateyouknowthatthesearethingsyoucaneat.Youcanalsouseothersenseswhenyouchooseyourfood.Youmaylikeitbecauseitsmellsgoodorbecauseittastesgood.Youmaydislikesometypesoffoodbecausetheydonotlook,smellortasteverynice.Differentanimalsusedifferentsensestofindandchoosetheirfood.Afewanimalsdependononlyoneoftheirsenses,whilemostanimalsusemorethanonesense.

Althoughtherearemanydifferenttypesoffood,someanimalsspendtheirliveseatingonlyonetype.Thegiantpandaeatsonlyoneparticulartypeofbamboo.Otheranimalseatonlyonetypeoffoodevenwhengiventhechoice.Akindofwhitebutterflywillstayontheleavesofacabbage,eventhoughthereareplentyofothervegetablesinthegarden.However,mostanimalshaveamorevarieddiet.Thebeareatsfruitsandfish.Thefoxeatssmallanimals,birdsandfruits.Thedietoftheseanimalswillbedifferentdependingontheseason.

Humanshaveaveryvarieddiet.Weofteneatfoodbecausewelikeitandnotbecauseitisgoodforus.IncountriessuchasFranceandBritain,peopleeatfoodswithtoomuchsugar.Thismakesthemoverweight,whichisbadfortheirhealth.Eatingtoomuchredmeatandanimalproducts,suchasbutter,canalsobebadforthehealth.Choosingtherightfood,therefore,hasbecomeanareaofstudyinmodernlife.

8.Wecaninferfromthetextthathumansandanimals____.

A.dependononesenseinchoosingfood

B.arenotsatisfiedwiththeirfood

C.choosefoodinsimilarways

D.eatentirelydifferentfood

9.Whichofthefollowingeatsonlyonetypeoffood?

A.Awhitebutterfly.B.Asmallbird.

C.Thebear.D.Thefox.

10.Certainanimalschangetheirchoiceoffoodwhen____.

A.theseasonchanges

B.thefoodcolorchanges

C.theymovetodifferentplaces

D.theyareattractedbydifferentsmells

11.Wecanlearnfromthelastparagraphthat____.

A.foodischosenforagoodreason

B.FrenchandBritishfoodisgood

C.somepeoplehavefewchoicesoffood

D.somepeoplecarelittleabouthealthydiet

12.Whatwillmostprobablybetalkedaboutinthenextparagraph?

A.Whychoosingtherightfoodisimportant.

B.Howtochoosetherightfood.

C.Therightamountoffoodforaperson.

D.Vegetablesmattermorethanmeatandsugar.

【答案】8.C9.A10.A11.D12.B

【分析】

试题分析：

文章大意：

本文主要描述动物和人识别食物的方法以及动物和人不同的饮食习惯。

8.C推理题。

根据第一段第一、二句Manyanimalsrecognizetheirfoodbecausetheyseeit.Sodohumans.可以知道人和动物在选择食物方面具有相似的方法。

故C正确。

9.A细节题。

根据文章第二段中Akindofwhitebutterflywillstayontheleavesofacabbage,eventhoughthereareplentyofothervegetablesinthegarden一种白蝴蝶只吃白菜的叶子，故A正确。

10.A细节题。

根据文章第二段最后一句Thedietoftheseanimalswillbedifferentdependingontheseason.可以知道动物的饮食是随季节而改变的。

故A正确。

11.D推理题。

根据文章最后一段Weofteneatfoodbecausewelikeitandnotbecauseitisgoodforus及举例法国和英国人的饮食习惯，可以推测一些人是不在乎健康的饮食习惯，故D正确。

12.B推理题。

本文最后一段主要讲述不良的饮食习惯，故可以推测出下面一段可能会讲述如何选择正确的食物，养成良好的饮食习惯。

故B正确。

II.七选五

TheSlowFoodMovementstartedinRome,Italyin1986.WhenanewMcDonaldswasopeningnearabeautifulhistoricplace,somepeoplestoodout