长难单词真题语境记忆精读部分学生打印Word文件下载.docx
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[真题例句]Telecommunicationsdevelopmentsenablethesendingofmessagesviatelevision,radio,andveryshortly,electronicmailtobombardpeoplewithmultitudesofmessages.
5.transcendentalista./n.先验论者（的）
[真题例句]RalphWaldoEmersonandothertranscendentalistphilosophersthoughtschoolingandrigorousbooklearningputunnaturalrestraintsonchildren:
“Weareshutupinschoolsandcollegerecitationroomsfor10or15yearsandcomeoutatlastwithabellyfulofwordsanddonotknowathing.”
6.controversialistn.争论者，好争论者
[真题例句]Inhislatestbook,DoingOurOwnThing:
TheDegradationofLanguageandMusicandWhyWeShould,Like,Care,JohnMcWhorter,alinguistandcontroversialistofmixedliberalandconservativeviews,seethetriumphof1960scounter-cultureasresponsibleforthedeclineofformalEnglish.
7.disproportionatea.不成比例的
[真题例句]Byfartheworstformofcompetitioninschoolsisthedisproportionateemphasisonexaminations.
8.enthusiasticallyad.热心地，狂热地
[真题例句]70.Fromthelastparagraphtheconclusioncanbedrawnthatambitionshouldbemaintained_____.
[B]openlyandenthusiastically
8.environmentalistn.环境保护论者，环境论者
[真题例句]Theenvironmentalists,inevitably,respondtosuchcritics.
9.irresponsibilityn.无责任
[真题例句]Thisdoesnotmeanthatadultsmustacceptirresponsibility.
10.pretechnologicala.前技术时代的
[真题例句]FewwoulddisputethatthetermappliestotheUnabomber,whosemanifesto,publishedin1995,scornsscienceandlongsforreturntoapretechnologicalutopia.
11.unpredictabilityn.不可预测性
[真题例句]Unpredictabilityispartoftheessentialnatureofresearch.
12.anthropologicala.人类学的，人类学上的
[真题例句]Anthropologicalanalysesrestheavilyupontheconceptofculture.
13.appropriatenessn.适应性
[真题例句]（72）Howwellthepredictionswillbevalidatedbylaterperformancedependsupontheamount,reliability,andappropriatenessoftheinformationusedandontheskillandwisdomwithwhichitisinterpreted.
14.competitivenessn.竞争
[真题例句]Bythemid-1980sAmericanshadfoundthemselvesatalossovertheirfadingindustrialcompetitiveness.
15.differentiationn.区别
[真题例句]Arathersimilarprocessofdifferentiationhasledtoprofessionalgeologistscomingtogethernationallywithinoneortwospecificsocieties,whereastheamateurshavetendedeithertoremaininlocalsocietiesortocometogethernationallyinadifferentway.
16.dissatisfactionn.不满，不平，令人不满的事物
[真题例句]Inaddition,farmoreJapaneseworkersexpresseddissatisfactionwiththeirjobsthandidtheircounterpartsinthe10othercountriessurveyed.
17.environmentallyad.周围地，环境地
[真题例句]Ifweareevergoingtoprotecttheatmosphere,itiscrucialthatthosenewplantsbeenvironmentallysound.
18.experimentationn.实验，试验
[真题例句]67.Whatdoestheauthorprobablymeanby“untaughtmind”inthefirstparagraph?
[A]Apersonignorantofthehardworkinvolvedinexperimentation.
19.instantaneouslyad.立即
[真题例句]Butthehumanmindcanglimpsearapidlychangingsceneandimmediatelydisregardthe98percentthatisirrelevant,instantaneouslyfocusingonthemonkeyatthesideofawindingforestroadorthesinglesuspiciousfaceinabigcrowd.
20.intellectualismn.①智力活动；
②才智主义，知性主义
[真题例句]Ravitch’slatestbook,LeftBack:
ACenturyofFailedSchoolReforms,tracestherootsofanti-intellectualism（②）inourschools,concludingtheyareanythingbutacounterbalancetotheAmericandistasteforintellectualpursuits.Buttheycouldandshouldbe.
21.interprovinciala.各省之间的，省际的
[真题例句]But“national”doesn’thavetomeanthat.“National”couldmeaninterprovincial——provincescombiningeffortstocreateonebody.[2005年新题型]
22.miniaturizationn.小型化
[真题例句]Andthankstothecontinualminiaturizationofelectronicsandmicro-mechanics,therearealreadyrobotsystemsthatcanperformsomekindsofbrainandbonesurgerywithsubmillimeteraccuracy—fargreaterprecisionthanhighlyskilledphysicianscanachievewiththeirhandsalone.
23.overcrowdednessn.过度拥挤
[真题例句]Theflightfromovercrowdednessaffectsthemigrationfromsnowbelttomorebearableclimates.
24.straightforward（s）a.①正直的，坦率的；
②简单的，易懂的；
ad.坦率地
[真题例句]Decisionsbasedonutilityasopposedtolackofutilityarestraightforward（a.②）.
25.underprivilegeda.贫困的，下层社会的
[真题例句]（75）Forexample,theydonotcompensateforgrosssocialinequality,andthusdonottellhowableanunderprivilegedyoungstermighthavebeenhadhegrownupundermorefavorablecircumstances.
26.accomplishmentn.成就，完成，技艺
[真题例句]（48）Ihaveexcludedhimbecause,whilehisaccomplishmentsmaycontributetothesolutionofmoralproblems,hehasnotbeenchargedwiththetaskofapproachinganybutthefactualaspectsofthoseproblems.
27.administrationn.①管理，经营；
②行政（机关，部门）；
③政府
[真题例句]IftheAdministration（②）won’ttakethelegislativeinitiative,Congressshouldhelptobeginfashioningconservationmeasures.
28.administrativea.管理的，行政的
[真题例句]So,iftheprovinceswanttorunthehealth-careshow,theyshouldprovetheycanrunit,startingwithaninterprovincialhealthlistthatwouldendduplication,saveadministrativecosts,preventoneprovincefrombeingplayedoffagainstanother,andbargainforbetterdrugprices.
29.alphabeticallyad.按字母顺序地
[真题例句]Onetheory,dreamtupinallthesparetimeenjoyedbythealphabeticallydisadvantaged,isthattherotsetsinearly.
30.anthropologistn.人类学者，人类学家
[真题例句]Twoanthropologist-linguists,FranzBoasEdwardSapir,werepioneersindescribingmanynativelanguagesofNorthandSouthAmericaduringthefirsthalfofthetwentiethcentury.
31.astrophysicistn.天体物理学家
[真题例句]（75）Oddthoughitsounds,cosmicinflationisascientificallyplausibleconsequenceofsomerespectedideasinelementary-particlephysics,andmanyastrophysicistshavebeenconvincedforthebetterpartofadecadethatitistrue.
32.centralizationn.集中，聚集
[真题例句]Witheconomicgrowthhascomecentralization;
fully76percentofJapan’s119millioncitizensliveincitieswherecommunityandtheextendedfamilyhavebeenabandonedinfavorofisolated,two-generationhouseholds.
33.characteristica.（of）特有的，独特的；
n.特征，特性
[真题例句]Withoptimismcharacteristic（a.）ofallindustrializedcountries,wecametoacceptthateveryoneisfittobeeducated.
[真题例句]Suchcharacteristics（n.）makethemperfectcandidatesforDr.Brosnan’sandDr.deWaal’sstudy.
34.constitutionala.构成的，增强体质的，宪法的，拥护宪法的
[真题例句]Althoughitruledthatthereisnoconstitutionalrighttophysician-assistedsuicide,theCourtineffectsupportedthemedicalprincipleof“doubleeffect”,acenturies-oldmoralprincipleholdingthatanactionhavingtwoeffects—agoodonethatisintendedandaharmfulonethatisforeseen—ispermissibleiftheactorintendsonlythegoodeffect.
35.counterbalancevt.使平均，使平衡，弥补；
n.平衡，势均力敌
[真题例句]“Schoolshavealwaysbeeninasocietywherepracticalismoreimportantthanintellectual,”sayseducationwriterDianeRavitch.“Schoolscouldbeacounterbalance（n.）.”
36.discriminationn.①识别力，辨别力；
②（against）歧视
[真题例句]Railroadsjustifyratediscrimination（②）againstcaptiveshippersonthegroundsthatinthelongrunitreduceseveryone’scost.
37.electronicallyad.电子地
[真题例句]Itseemsthatnowacountry’seconomydependsmuchon_____.[2001年阅读2]
[A]howwell-developeditiselectronically
38.fundamentalistn.原教旨主义者
[真题例句]Virtuallyallscientistsandthemajorityofnon-fundamentalistreligiousleadershavecometoregard“scientific”creationismasbadscienceandbadreligion.
39.generalizationn.一般化，普遍化，概括，广义性
[真题例句]“Benefits”havebeenweighed（40：
against）“harmful”outcomes.Andgeneralizationshaveproveddifficult.
40.homogenizationn.（均）匀化，同质化
[真题例句]Themassmedia,advertisingandsportsareotherforcesforhomogenization.
41.implementationn.执行
[真题例句]Alsocommoninthenaturalsciences,thetechnicistfallacymistakenlyidentifiesthedisciplineasawholewithcertainpartsofitstechnicalimplementation.
42.infrastructuren.基础设施
[真题例句]ThemoreforeigncapitalyouhavehelpingyoubuildyourThirdWaveinfrastructure,whichtodayisanelectronicinfrastructure,thebetteroffyou’regoingtobe.
43.interpretationn.①解释，阐明；
②口译，通译
[真题例句]Nevertheless,anevolutionaryinterpretation（①）mightmakeitdifficulttounderstandhowthecommonlygradualprocessofforgettingsurvivednaturalselection.[1995年阅读5]
44.microbiologistn.微生物学家
[真题例句]“Ihavegreatconfidencethatbytheendofthedecadewe’llknowinvastdetailhowcancercellsarise,”saysmicrobiologistRobertWeinberg,anexpertoncancer.
45.microprocessorn.微处理器
[真题例句]Despiteaspellofinitialoptimisminthe1960sand1970swhenitappearedthattransistorcircuitsandmicroprocessorsmightbeabletocopytheactionofthehumanbrainbytheyear2010,researcherslatelyhavebeguntoextendthatforecastbydecadesifnotcenturies.
46.misinformationn.报错，错误的消息
[真题例句]Theyshouldbequicktorespondtoletterstotheeditor,lestanimalrightsmisinformationgounchallengedandacquireadeceptiveappearanceoftruth.
47.neuroscientis
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