英语阅读作业有答案.doc

英语阅读作业有答案.doc

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Passage1

EveryonehasheardoftheSanAndreasfault（断层）,whichconstantlythreatensCaliforniaandtheWestCoastwithearthquakes.ButhowmanypeopleknowabouttheequallyseriousNewMadridfaultinMissouri?

BetweenDecemberof1811andFebruaryof1812,threemajorearthquakesoccurred,allcenteredaroundthetownofNewMadrid,Missouri,ontheMississippiRiver.Propertydamagewassevere.Buildingsintheareawerealmostdestroyed.Wholeforestsfellatonce,andhugecracksopenedintheground,allowingsmellofsulfur（硫磺）tofilterupward.

TheMississippiRiveritselfcompletelychangedcharacter,developingsuddenrapidsandwhirlpools.Severaltimesitchangeditscourse,andonce,accordingtosomeobservers,itactuallyappearedtorunbackwards.FewpeoplewerekilledintheNewMaridearthquakes,probablysimplybecausefewpeoplelivedintheareain1811;buttheseverityoftheearthquakesareshownbythefactthattheshockwavesrangbellsinchurchtowersinCharleston,SouthCarolina,onthecoast.BuildingsshookinNewYorkCity,andclockswerstoppedinWashington,D.C.ScientistsnowknowthatAmerica'stwomajorfaultsareessentiallydifferent.TheSanAndreasisahorizontalboundarybetweentwomajorlandmassesthatareslowlymovinginoppositedirections.Californiaearthquakesresultwhenthemovementofthesetwomassessuddenlylurches（倾斜）forward.

TheNewMadridfault,ontheotherhand,isaverticalfault;atsomepoints,possiblyhundredsofmillionsofyearsago,rockwaspusheduptowardthesurface,probablybyvolcanoesunderthesurface.Suddenly,thevolcanoescooledandtherockcollapsed,leavinghugecracks.Evennow,therockcontinuestosettledownwards,andsuddensinkingmotionstrigger（触发）earthquakesintheregion.Thefaultitself,alargecrackinthislayerofrock,withdozensofothercracksthatsplitofffromit,extendsfromnortheastArkansasthroughMissouriandintosouthernlllinois.

ScientistswhohavestudiedtheNewMadridfaultsaytherehavebeennumeroussmallerquakesintheareasince1811;thesesmallerquakesindicatethatlargeronesareprobablycoming,butthescientistssayhavenomethodofpredictingwhenalargeearthquakewilloccur.

1.Thispassageismainlyabout　　C　　.

A.theNewMadridfaultinMissouri　　

　B.thecausesoffaults　

　C.theSanAndreasandtheNewMadridfaults　　　　　　

　D.currentscientificknowledgeaboutfault　　

2.TheNewMadridfaultis　　A　　　.

　A.averticalfault

　B.ahorizontalfault

　C.amoreseriousfaultthantheSanAndreasfault

　D.responsibleforformingtheMississippiRiver　

　3.Wemayconcludefromthepassagethat　　　C　　.

　A.Californiawillbecomeanislandinfuture

　B.theNewMadridfaultwilleventuallydevelopamountainrangeinMissouri

C.itisprobablyasdangeroustoliveinMissouriasinCalifornia　　

D.AbigearthquakewilloccurtoCaliforniasoon　

　4.Thispassageimpliesthat　　　B　　　.

　A.horizontalfaultsaremoredangerousthanverticalfaults.

　B.Verticalfaultsaremoredangerousthanhorizontalfaults

　C.Californiawillbreakintopiecesbyaneventualearthquake

　D.Earthquakesoccuronlyaroundfaultareas　　

5.Asusedinthefirstsentenceofthefourthparagraph,thewordessentially

means　　C　　.

　A.greatly　　

　B.basically　　　

　C.extremely

D.necessarily

Passage2

In1960-1961,Chad（乍得）harvested9800tonsofcottonseedforthefirsttimeinitshistory,andputouttheflagalittletoosoon.Theeffortsoftheauthoritiestogetthepeasantsbacktowork,astheyhadslackedoff（松懈）agreatdealthepreviousyearduringindependencecelebrations,largelycontributedtoit.Also,rainswerewellspaced,andcontinuedthroughthewholemonthofOctober.Ifthe1961-1962totalisbacktotheregionof45000tons,itismostlybecauseeffortsslackenedagainandsowingwasstartedtoolate.

TheaveragedateofsowingisaboutJuly1st.Ifthisdateissimplymovedupfifteenortwentydays,30000to60000tonsofcottonaregained,dependingontheyear.ThepeasantinChadsowshismillet（小米）first,anditishardtocriticizethisinstinctiveprioritygiventohisdailybread.Anessentialreasonforhislatenesswithsowingcottonisthatatthetimewhenheshouldleavetopreparethefieldshehasjustbarelysoldthecottonofthepreviousseason.Theworkrequiredtosow,ingreatheat,ispsychologicallyfarmoredifficultifone'spocketsarefullofmoney.Thedateofcottonsalesshouldthereforebemovedforwardasmuchaspossible,andpurchasesofequipmentanddraughtanimalsencouraged.

Peasantsshouldalsobeencouragedtosavemoney,tohelpthemthroughthedifficultperiodbetweenharvests.Ifnecessarytheyshouldbeforcedtodoso,byhavingthepaymentsforcottongiventothemininstallments（分期付款）.Thelastpaymentwouldbemadeafterproofthatthepeasanthasplantedbeforethedeadline,thedatebeingadvancedtotheendofJune.Thosewhohavedonesowouldreceiveextramoneywhereasthelastplanterswouldnotreceivetheirlastpaymentuntillater.

Onlythefirststepsarehard,becauseonceworkhasstartedthepeasantscontinuewillinglyontheirway.Educationalcampaignsamongthepeasantswillplayanessentialroleinthisbasicadvance,earlysowing,onwhichalltheothersdepend.Itisnotamatterofcontrollingthepeasants.Eachpeasantwillremainmasterofhisfields.Onecould,however,suggesttheneedforthetimebeingofkindbutfirmrule,which,aslongasitcannotberealizedbythepeople,shouldatleastbeforthepeople.

6.In1960-1961,Chadhadagoodharvestofcottonbecause　　C　　　　.

　A.thegovernmentgreatlyencouragedpeasants

　B.rainsfavoredthegrowthofcotton

　C.BothA）andB）

　D.Chadgainedindependenceinthepreviousyear　　

7.Welearnfromthepassagethatthedateofsowingcottonisusually　B　　.

　A.onJune15th　　

　B.onJuly1st　　　

　C.onJuly15th　

　D.onJuly20th　　

8.Asusedinthethirdsentenceofthesecondparagraph,dailybreadrefersto　　　C　　.

　A.breakfast　　

　B.breadandbutter　　

　C.millet　　

　D.rice　　

9.Inordertohelpthemthroughthedifficulttimebetweenharveststhepeasantshaveto　A　　.

　A.beencouragedtosavemoney　

　B.sellcottoninadvance　

　C.sowcottonintime　　　

　D.plantmilletfirst　

10.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

C

　A.Educationalcampaignsareveryimportanttoearlysowing.

　B.Peasantsshouldremainthemastersoftheirfields.

　C.Ofalltheadvancesthatthewriterhopesfor,earlysowingisthemostimportant.

D.Governmentmightaswellmakegoodandfirmruleforpeasants.

Passage3

Formostpeoplelearningtodrive,thedrivingtestarisesaheadasamajorbarrier.Itisalsoageneralsourceofconversationwheneverdriversaregatheredtogether.Thereareprobablymoretallstoriesaboutthedrivingtestthanaboutanyothermotoringsubjects;themostremarkablethingaboutthosestoriesisthenumberoftimestheoldonesappearagain,yearsaftertheywerefirstheard,innewandexaggeratedforms.

Alldrivingexaminershavehadtopassaverystrictselectionprocess,followedbyatleastsixweeks'training.InthecourseofthistrainingtheDepartmentmakessurethattheirdrivingisofaconsistentlyhighstandard.

Drivingtestcentersarechosenwithequalcare.Itwouldbenicetohavecentersandexaminerstownbytown.Butthisisjustnotpossible,becausethecentershavetobeatplaceswherethereisenoughparkingspaceforcandidates（考生）andwherethereareenoughtestroutes.Routesarecarefullychosentomakesurethattheyareallroughlycomparable-theproportionofrightandleftturns,hills,pedestrian（行人）crossingsandsoon.Theobjectofallthisistomakesure,asfaraspossible,thatallcandidatesinthedrivingtesthavetocopewiththesamesortofconditionswhethertheytakethetestinNewYorkorCalifornia.

Theworkthatexaminersdoinactuallycarryingouttestsischeckedcontinuouslybysupervisingexaminers.Thisistomakeassureaspossiblethateverycandidateforthedrivingtesthasaproperandequalchanceofshowingtheexaminer,inthewordsoftheRegulations,"thatheiscompetenttodrivewithoutdangertoandwithdueconsiderationforotherusersoftheroad."Thisisallthattheexaminerisconcernedwith.

11.Itcanbelearnedfromthepassagethat___A____.

A.wheneverpeoplelearningtodrivegettogether,theyoftentalkaboutthedrivingtest

B.newandexaggeratedstoriesaboutthetestarealwaysappearing

C.therearemoretallstoriesaboutthedrivingtestthananyothersubject

D.thesamestoriesaboutthetestreappearyearslater

12.Accordingtothepassage,drivingexaminers___C____.

A.aretrainedforsixweeks,thenhaveadifficultselectioninterview

B.aregivenregulardrivingteststhemselvesbysupervisingexaminers

C.sometimeshavemorethansixweeks'training

D.aretestedduringtheselectionprocesstoseeiftheirdrivingisofahighstandard

13.Thereisn'tatestcenterineverytownbecause____D____.

A.someexaminerscangotooccasionalcentersfromthepermanentcenters

B.routesandconditionshavetobethesameeverywhere

C.therehastobeenoughparkingspaceforthecandidatesandtheexaminers

D.noteverytowncouldprovideenoughtestroutesclosetopermanentcenters

14.Wecanjudgefromthispassagethat___D_____.

A.thedetailedrecordsarecheckedaftereachtestbyasupervisingexaminer

B.sometimescandidatesaretestedbyasupervisingexaminer

C.it'struethatsomeexaminersneverpassanyoneonThursdayafternoons

D.examinersareonlyconcernedwithacandidate'sabilitytodrive

15.It