20xx年考研英语一真题及参考答案解析.docx

20xx年考研英语一真题及参考答案解析.docx

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20xx年考研英语一真题及参考答案解析

20xx年考研英语一

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblank.and

mark[A]，[B]，[C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.（10points）

In1924AmericanNationalResearchCouncilsenttoengineertosupervisea

seriesofexperimentsatatelephone-partsfactorycalledtheHawthornePlantnear.

Ithopedtheywouldlearnhowstop-floorlighting__1__workersproductivity.

Instead，thestudiesended__2__givingtheirnametothe“Hawthorneeffect”the

extremelyinfluentialideathevery__3__tobeingexperimenteduponchanged

subjects'behavior

Theideaarosebecauseofthe__4__behaviorofthewomeninthe

plant.Accordingto__5__oftheexperimentstheirhourlyoutputrosewhenlighting

wasincreased,butalsowhenitwasdimmed.Itdidnot__6__whatwasdoneinthe

experiment.__7__somethingwaschangedproductivityrose.A（n）__8__thatthey

werebeingexperimenteduponseemedtobe__9__toalterworkers'behavior

__10__itself

Afterseveraldecades，thesamedatawere__11__toeconometrictheanalysis

Hawthorneexperimentshasanothersurprisestore12thedescriptionsonrecord，nosystematic__13__wasfoundthatlevelsofproductivitywererelatedtochangesin

lighting

1.[A]affected[B]achieved[C]extracted[D]restored

2.[A]at[B]up[C]with[D]off

3.[A]truth[B]sight[C]act[D]proof

4.[A]controversial[B]perplexing[C]mischievous[D]ambiguous

5.[A]requirements[B]explanations[C]accounts[D]assessments

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6.[A]conclude[B]matter[C]indicate[D]work

7.[A]asfaras[B]forfearthat[C]incasethat[D]solongas

8.[A]awareness[B]expectation[C]sentiment[D]illusion

9.[A]suitable[B]excessive[C]enough[D]abundant

10.[A]about[B]for[C]on[D]by

12.[A]contraryto[B]consistentwith[C]parallelwith[D]peculiarto

13.[A]evidence[B]guidance[C]implication[D]source

14.[A]disputable[B]enlightening[C]reliable[D]misleading

15.[A]Incontrast[B]Forexample[C]Inconsequence[D]Asusual

16.[A]duly[B]accidentally[C]unpredictably[D]suddenly

17.[A]failed[B]ceased[C]started[D]continued

20.[A]breaking[B]climbing[C]surpassing[D]hitting

SectionⅡReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions：

Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextby

choosing[A]，[B]，[C]or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.（40points）

Text1

OfallthechangesthathavetakenplaceinEnglish-languagenewspapersduring

thepastquarter-century,perhapsthemostfar-reachinghasbeentheinexorable

declineinthescopeandseriousnessoftheirartscoverage.

Itisdifficulttothepointofimpossibilityfortheaveragereaderundertheageof

fortytoimagineatimewhenhigh-qualityartscriticismcouldbefoundinmostbig-2/23

citynewspapers.Yetaconsiderablenumberofthemostsignificantcollectionsof

criticismpublishedinthe20thcenturyconsistedinlargepartofnewspaperreviews.

Toreadsuchbookstodayistomarvelatthefactthattheirlearnedcontentswere

oncedeemedsuitableforpublicationingeneral-circulationdailies.

Weareevenfartherremovedfromtheunfocusednewspaperreviewspublished

inEnglandbetweentheturnofthe20thcenturyandtheeveofWorldWarII,ata

timewhennewsprintwasdirt-cheapandstylishartscriticismwasconsideredan

ornamenttothepublicationsinwhichitappeared.Inthosefar-offdays,itwastaken

forgrantedthatthecriticsofmajorpaperswouldwriteindetailandatlengthabout

theeventstheycovered.Theirswasaseriousbusiness,andeventhosereviewers

whoworetheirlearninglightly,likeGeorgeBernardShawandErnestNewman,could

betrustedtoknowwhattheywereabout.Thesemenbelievedinjournalismasa

calling,andwereproudtobepublishedinthedailypress.“Sofewauthorshave

brainsenoughorliterarygiftenoughtokeeptheirownendupinjournalism,”

Newmanwrote,“thatIamtemptedtodefine‘journalism'as‘atermofcontempt

appliedbywriterswhoarenotreadtowriterswhoare.'”

Unfortunately,thesecriticsarevirtuallyforgotten.NevilleCardus,whowrotefor

theManchesterGuardianfrom1917untilshortlybeforehisdeathin1975,isnow

knownsolelyasawriterofessaysonthegameofcricket.Duringhislifetime,though,

hewasalsooneofEngland'sforemostclassical-musiccritics,astylistsowidely

admiredthathisAutobiography（1947）becameabest-seller.Hewasknightedin

1967,thefirstmusiccritictobesohonored.Yetonlyoneofhisbooksisnowinprint,

andhisvastbodyofwritingsonmusicisunknownsavetospecialists.

IsthereanychancethatCardus'scriticismwillenjoyarevival?

Theprospect

seemsremote.Journalistictasteshadchangedlongbeforehisdeath,and

postmodernreadershavelittleusefortherichlyupholsteredVicwardianprosein

whichhespecialized.Moreover,theamateurtraditioninmusiccriticismhasbeenin

headlongretreat.

21.

ItisindicatedinParagraphs1and2that

[A]artscriticismhasdisappearedfrombig-citynewspapers.

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[B]English-languagenewspapersusedtocarrymoreartsreviews.

[C]high-qualitynewspapersretainalargebodyofreaders.

[D]youngreadersdoubtthesuitabilityofcriticismondailies.

22.

NewspaperreviewsinEnglandbeforeWorldWarIIwerecharacterizedby

[A]freethemes.

[B]casualstyle.

[C]elaboratelayout.

[D]radicalviewpoints.

23.WhichofthefollowingwouldShawandNewmanmostprobablyagree

on?

[A]Itiswriters'dutytofulfilljournalisticgoals.

[B]Itiscontemptibleforwriterstobejournalists.

[C]Writersarelikelytobetemptedintojournalism.

[D]Notallwritersarecapableofjournalisticwriting.

WhatcanbelearnedaboutCardusaccordingtothelasttwoparagraphs?

24.

[A]Hismusiccriticismmaynotappealtoreaderstoday.

[B]Hisreputationasamusiccritichaslongbeenindispute.

[C]Hisstylecaterslargelytomodernspecialists.

[D]Hiswritingsfailtofollowtheamateurtradition.

25.

Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

[A]NewspapersoftheGoodOldDays

[B]TheLostHorizoninNewspapers

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[C]MournfulDeclineofJournalism

[D]ProminentCriticsinMemory

Text2

TheBilskicaseinvolvesaclaimedpatentonamethodforhedgingriskinthe

energymarket.TheFederalcircuitissuedanunusualorderstatingthatthecase

wouldbeheardbyall12ofthecourt'sjudges,ratherthanatypicalpanelofthree,

andthatoneissueitwantstoevaluateiswhetheritshould“reconsider”itsstate

streetBankruling。

26.Business-methodpatentshaverecentlyarousedconcernbecauseof

[A]theirlimitedvaluetobusiness[B]theirconnectionwithassetallocation

[C]thepossiblerestrictionontheirgranting[D]thecontroversyover

authorization

27.WhichofthefollowingistrueoftheBilskicase?

[C]IthasbeendismissedbytheFederalCircuit[D]Itmaychangethelegal

practicesintheU.S。

28.Theword“about-face”（Line1,Paro3）mostprobablymeans

[A]lossofgoodwill[B]increaseofhostility

[C]changeofattitude[D]enhancementofdisunity

29.Welearnfromthelasttwoparagraphsthatbusiness-methodpatents

[A]areimmunetolegalchallenges[B]areoftenunnecessarilyissued

[C]lowertheesteemforpatentholders[D]increasetheincidenceofrisks

30.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethesubjectofthetext?

[A]Aloomingthreattobusiness-methodpatents

[B]Protectionforbusiness-methodpatentholders

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[C]Alegalcaseregardingbusiness-methodpatents

[D]Aprevailingtreadagainstbusiness-methodpatents

Text3

Buildingonthebasictruthaboutinterpersonalinfluence,theresearchers

studiedthedynamicsofpopulationsmanipulatinganumberofvariablesrelatingof

populations,manipulatinganumberofvariablesrelatingtopeople'sabilityto

influenceothersandtheirtendencytobe。

31.BycitingthebookTheTippingPointtheauthorintendsto

[A]analyzetheconsequencesofsocialepidemics

[B]discussinfluentials'functioninspreadingideas

[C]exemplifypeople'sintuitiveresponsetosocialepidemics

[D]describetheessentialcharacteristicsofinfluentials

32.Theauthorsuggeststhatthe“two-step-flowtheory”

[A]servesasasolutiontomarketingproblems

[B]hashelpedexplaincertainprevalenttrends

[C]haswonsupportfrominfluentials

[D]requiressolidevidenceforitsvalidity

33.Whattheresearchershaveobservedrecentlyshowsthat

[A]thepowerofinfluencegoeswithsocialinteractions

[B]interpersonallinkscanbeenhancedthroughthemedia

[C]influentialshavemorechannelstoreachthepublic

[D]mostcelebritieaenjoywidemediaattention

34.Theunderlinedphrase“thesepeople”inparagraph4referstotheoneswho

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[A]stayoutsidethenetworkofsocialinfluence

[B]havelittlecontactwiththesourceofinfluence

[C]areinfluencedandtheninfluenceothers

[D]areinfluencedbytheinitialinfluential

35.Whatistheessentialelementinthedynamicsofsocialinfluence?

[A]Theeagernesstobeaccepted[B]Theimpulsetoinfluenceothers

[C]Thereadinesstobeinfluenced[D]Theinclinationtorelyonothers

Text4

Bankershavebeenblamingthemselvesfortheirtroublesinpublic.Behindthe

scenes,theyhavebeentakingaimatsomeoneelsetheaccountingstandard-setters.

Theirrules,moanthebanks,haveforcedthemtoreportenormouslosses,andit's

justnotfair.Theserulessaytheymustvaluesomeassetsatthepriceathirdparty

wouldpay,notthepricemanagersandregulatorswouldlikethemtofetch。

Itwasbanksthatwereonthewrongplanet,withaccountsthatvastly

ov