8模块八课文原文Word文件下载.docx
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satmospherebythefactoriesandvehicleshavebeenspeedinguptheprocessofglobalwarmingandaffectingourclimate.Lookingahead,scientistsbelievethatglobalwarmingcouldbeoneofthebiggestenvironmentalproblemsfacingthe21stcentury.Butwhatexactlyisglobalwarming,whyisitseenasadanger,andhowisitrelevanttoourlives
GlobalwarmingreferstoanaverageincreaseintheEarth'
stemperaturethat,inturn,leadstoclimatechange.ScientistsfoundthatthetemperatureoftheEarthiscontrolledbygreenhousegasessuchascarbondioxidewhichtrapheatfromthesunintheEarth'
satmosphere.Withoutthesenaturallyoccurringgases,thesun'
srayswouldbouncebackintospaceleavingtheEarthcoldandimpossibletoliveon.Whenthepresenceofthesegasesintheatmosphereincrease,however,moreheatistrappedandtheEarth'
stemperaturerises.
Overthelast100years,theglobalaveragetemperaturehasincreasedby1°
Fandmanyexpertsinsistthattheblameforthisglobalwarmingcanmostlybepinnedonhumanactivities.Asaresultofincreasedindustry,agriculture,thecuttingdownofforests,theincreaseintransportandtheburningoffuels,nearly6tonnesofcarbondioxidegoesintotheatmosphereeveryyearforeveryoneoftheEarth'
s6billionpeople.Theamountofcarbondioxideintheatmospherehasrisenbymorethan30%inthelast250yearswithhalfofthisincreaseoccurringsince1960.Giventhisdata,itseemsthatthelinkbetweenhumanactivitiesandrisingglobaltemperaturesisnotmerelyacoincidence.
Atemperatureincreaseof1ЎFmaynotsoundlikealot,butifwecontinuetoproducecarbondioxideandothergasesinsuchhugequantities,wearecondemninglifeonEarthandshouldexpectsevereconsequences.Recentreportswarnedthatglobalwarmingwillcauseterribleclimatechangesincludingmorefrequentflooding,heatwavesanddroughts.Seriousdiseaseswillspreadandindustriesthatrelyonnaturesuchasfishingwillbebadlyaffected.Increasedtemperatureswillalsocausethepolaricetomelt,raisingsealevelsandfloodingmanyislandsandcities.Howcanwestopthesedisastersfromhappening
Governmentsallovertheworldhavearesponsibilitytoreducetheamountofcarbondioxidewhichtheircountriesareproducing.Iflesscarbondioxidegoesintotheatmosphere,globalwarmingwillslowdown.Thisisnoeasytask,however,andsomegovernments,forexample,theUSA'
sfederalgovernment,expressreservationsaboutwhetherglobalwarmingisreallycausedbyhumanactivities.
ManypeoplebelievethattheyaresimplynotpreparedtosacrificetheamountofmoneytheymakefromindustrytosavetheEarth.ButwhywaitaroundforgovernmentstotakeactionExpertsadvocatethateachpersonplaytheirpart.Theysuggestmakingsmallchangesliketakingpublictransport,recycling,usinglow-flowshowerheads,andbuyinglightbulbsthatuselessenergy.Evensimplethingslikeusingrecycledpaperorswitchingoffthelightswhenyouleavearoomcanhelp.Ifweaddupallthesesmallchangesmadebyeveryoneworldwide,theywon'
tbesuchsmallchanges.Theycouldbethechangesthatsaveourfuture.Afterall,there'
snosubstituteforourEarth.It'
sallwe'
vegottoliveon.
Unit22Lesson3NaturalDisasters
Natureisturningonus
Thelastfewyearshaveseenenvironmentaldisastersonagrandscale,andexpertsarepredictingfarworsetocome.JinLireportsonourEarth'
schangeableweatherpatterns.
Inthelastdecade,thunderstorms,floods,earthquakes,typhoons,volcaniceruptions,tsunamisandforestfireshavebecomeincreasinglyhasbeenterriblefloodinginAsia,Africa,AmericaandOceania.
(1)__________Stormshavebeengettingworseeverywheretoo,withagrowingnumberofhurricaneshittingtheUS,andCentralAmerica.ReducedrainfallhasaffectedlargeareasofAfricaforyearsleavingirrigationcanalsdryandmanyotherzonesarebecomingdrier.
(2)__________Anumberofnationshavealreadybeeninarmedconflictoverwater,andreducedrainfallinthewestoftheUShasresultedinhugeforestfires.
Volcaniceruptionsandearthquakeshavealwaysbeenathreatincertainpartsoftheworld.AvolcaniceruptionnearlywipedoutthesmallislandofMontserratin1997,andtherehavebeenseriousearthquakesinmanypartsofAsia,EuropeandSouthAmerica.Inthelastthreeyears,Indonesiahashadaroughtime,sufferingseveralkillerquakesanditisstillrecoveringfromtheAsiantsunamicausedbyanoffshoreearthquakeonDecember26th,tsunamikilled132,000Indonesiansandanother100,000peopleofothercatastropheisstillveryfreshinthemindsofpeopleworldwidewhohavenotyetgotovertheirseparationfromlovedoneslostinthetsunami.
Sowhyisnaturebeginningtoturnonus(3)__________Thepopulationoftheworldisgrowingatthedisturbingrateof10,000peopleanhour,nearly90millionayear,withmostofthegrowthinthedevelopingworld.Peopleinagriculturalareas,withoutanymeanstoearntheirliving,movetothecities,andthenconstructshabbyhomesfromwhatevermaterialstheycanfindonpoorclayhomes,seldommadeofbricks,caneasilyfalldowninearthquakesorslipandslidedownhillinlandslides,especiallyinmountainousareas.(4)__________Thishasmainlybeencausedbythehugeamountsofcarbondioxideproducedbyfactoriesandvehicles,andthedestructionoftheworld'
sforests.Asaresult,ahotteroceancausesmorepowerfulwinds.Atlantichurricanes–theirhowlingwindswithspeedsofover300kilometresanhour–are40%strongernowthantheywere30yearsago.
Volcanoesandearthquakesareevenmoredangerousthaninthepastasaroundhalftheworld'
spopulationnowlivesinaremorethan300activevolcanoes,aboutfiftyofwhicherupteachyear,andmorethan500millionpeoplenowlivewithintherangeofavolcaniceruption.Becausethesenaturaldisastersoccuratrandomtimes,itisdifficulttowarnpeopleinadvance.InMay2006,thousandsofIndonesianslivingnearMtMerapi(whichmeansmountainoffire)hadtofleeastheythoughtitwasabouttoerupt.Anevengreaternumberofpeopleliveatrisk,tosomedegree,fromearthquakeswhichhaveclaimedmorethanmillionlivesinthelasthundredyears.
Mostdisasterexpertsbelievethereisthepotentialthatthingscouldgetalotworse.ProfessorHouMing,ofBeijingUniversitystudiesvolcanoesandhewarnsthattheworldhasnotseentheworstnaturecanworsteruptioninhumanhistorywasprobablyMtTamborain1815,inIndonesia.DustfromthevolcanorolledacrosstheEarth'
sskiesandprettymuchcancelledthefollowingsummerinEuropeandAmerica.(5)__________“Itreducedtemperaturesbymaybe6ЎCinsomeplacesandthewholeplanetwassentintowinterforyears.Andthereareabouttwooftheseeventsevery100,000years...”
Unit23Lesson1LivinginaCommunity
Drummerhitstheroad
YangMing,drummerfortherockband“Storm”,haspackedhisbags.He'
sbidhisfurnishedapartmentgoodbyeaftercomplaintsfromhisneighboursaboutlossofsleep.Beingabachelor,YangMingheldpartieseverynightbutthebiggestproblemwashislatenightdrumming.
Seldomhasdrummingcausedsuchconflict.YangMing'
sneighbourssaytheywerebeingdrivenmadbeingexposedtosuchnoise.Hadtheyknowntheirneighbourwasadrummer,theywouldn'
thavemovedintothebuilding.Nosoonerhadtheymovedinthanthenoisebeganandrarelydidtheygetafullnight'
ssleep.Neithercouldtheyrelaxorreadabookwithoutpluggingtheirears.OneneighbouralsoclaimsthatYangMingisanalcoholicandwasabadinfluenceonhisadolescentson.
Intheend,thelocalcounciltookaction.“ItwasonlyaftercarefulconsiderationthatwegaveYangMingawarning,”acouncilmembersaid.“Gettingenoughsleepisimportantforpeople'
shealthandaftersuchachorusofcomplaints,wehadtotakeaction.”YangMing'
sdeparturehaspleasedhisneighbours.“Lifewillgobacktonormalnow,”theysay.
ForYangMing'
sversionofthestory,wefoundhimintheloungeofhissuiteatShanghai'
sHolidayInnHotel.YangMingfeelsthathisrightshavebeenignored.YangMinghatesbeingcalledanalcoholic,butitisthefactthatpeoplehaveclassifiedhismusicas“noise”thatupsetshimmost.Otherwisehedoesn'
treallymindhavingtoleavehisapartment.“LivinginahotelmeansamaidmakesmybedeverydayandIdon'
thavetodomyownlaundry!
”ButhowlongwillthehoteltoleratehimWewonder.
Grandpajailedafteroneshowertoomany
Eighty-year-oldretiredtailor,JamesMcKay,spentSaturdaynightinjailafterhittingthirty-year-oldKeithSmithovertheheadwithhiswalkingstick.McKay'
swife,LaurenetoldusthatwhileMcKayisusuallyapeacefulperson,hehadbeendriventothisactofviolencebygettingwetjustoncetoooften.
SmithlivesabovetheMcKaysanditappearsthatnotonlyisheakeengardener,heisalsoafishcollector.Unfortunatelyforhim,thewaterhesentoverhisbalconyeverydayendedupontheMcKay'
s,ortoooften,ontheMcKaysthemselves.
“Forthelastfortnight,sinceSmithmovedintotheflataboveus,wehavehardlydaredgoontoourbalcony,”saidLaurene.Sheaddedthatitwasn'
tsomuchthewaterfallingontotheirbalconyfromSmithwateringhisplantsthatbotheredthem,itwasmorethewayhecleanedhisfishtanks.“We'
dbesittingtherehappilyreadingournewspapers,whensuddenlysomuchwaterwouldcomefromab