大学英语四级阅读理解试题及答案.doc

大学英语四级阅读理解试题及答案.doc

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大学英语四级阅读理解试题及答案

（二）

六

　　Asthepaceoflifecontinuestoincrease,wearefastlosingtheartofrelaxation.Onceyouareinthehabitofrushingthroughlift,beingonthegofrommorningtillnight,itishardtoslowdown.Butrelaxationisessentialforahealthymindandbody.

　　Stressisannaturalpartofeverydayliftandthereisnowaytoavoidit.Infact,itisnotthebadthingitisoftensupposedtobe.Acertainamountofstressisvitaltoprovidemotivationadngivepurposetolife.Itisonlywhenthestressgetsoutofcontrolthatitcanleadtopoorperformanceandillhealth.

　　Theamountofstressapersoncanwithstanddependsverymuchontheindividual.Somepeoplearenotafraidofstress,andsuchcharactersareobviouslyprimematerialformanagerialresponsibilities.Othersloseheartatthefirstsignsofunusualdifficulties.Whenexposedtostress,inwhateverform,wereactbothchemicallyandphysically.Infactwemakechoicebetween"fight"or"flight"andinmoreprimitivedaysthechoicemadethedifferencebetweenlifeordeath.Thecriseswemeettodayareunlikelytobesoextreme,buthoweverlittlethestress,itinvolvesthesameresponse.Itiswhensuchareactionlastslong,throughcontinuedexposuretostress,thathealthbecomesendangered.Suchseriousconditionsashighbloodpressureandheartdiseasehaveestablishedlinkswithstress.Sincewecannotremovestressfromourlives（itwouldbeunwisetodosoevenifwecould）,weneedtofindwaystodealwithit.

　　1.Peoplearefindinglessandlesstimeforrelaxingthemselvesbecause_____.

　　a.theydonotknowhowtoenjoythemselves

　　b.theydonotbelievethatrelaxationisimportantforhealth

　　c.theyaretravellingfastallthetime

　　d.theyarebecomingbusierwiththeirwork

　　2.Accordingtothewriter,themostimportantcharacterforagoodmanagerishis________.

　　a.notfearingstress

　　b.knowingtheartofrelaxation

　　c.highsenseofresponsibility

　　d.havingcontroloverperformance

　　3.Whichofthefollwingstatementsisture?

　　a.Wecanfindsomewaystoavoidstress

　　b.Stressisalwaysharmfultopeople

　　c.Itiseasytochangethehagitofkeepingoneselfbusywithwork.

　　d.Differentpeoplecanwithstanddifferentamountsofstress

　　4.InParagraph3,"suchareaction"refersbackto_______.

　　a."makingachoicebetween'flight'or'fight'"

　　b."reactiontostressbothchemicallyandphysically"

　　c."respondingtocrisesquickly"

　　d."losingheartatthesignsdifficulties"

　　5.Inthelastsentenceofthepassage,"doso"refersto______.

　　a."exposeourselvestostress"

　　b."findwaystodealwithstress"

　　c."removestressfromourlives"

　　d."establishedlinksbetweendiseasesandstress"

　　答案：

dadbc

七

　　Inthe1960s,manyyoungAmericansweredissatisfiedwithAmericansociety.TheywantedtoendtheVietnamWarandtomakeallofthepeopleintheU.S.epual.Someofthemdecidedto"dropout"ofAmericansocietyandformtheirownsocieties.Theyformedutopiancommunities,whichtheycalled"communes,"wheretheycouldfollowtheirphilosophyof"doyourownthing."AgroupofartistsfoundedacommuneinsouthernColoradocalled"DropCity."FollowingtheideasofphilosopherandarchitectBuckminsterFullertheybuiltdomeshapedhousesfrompiecesofoldcars.Othergroups,suchasauthorKenKesey'sMerryPranksters,thefollowersfoSanFranciscopoetSteveGakin,andagroupthatcalleditselftheHogFarm,livedinoldschoolhusesandtraveledaroundtheUnitedStates.TheHogFarmbecomefamouswhentheyhelpedorganizetheWoodstockRockFestivalin1969.SteveGaskin'sfollowerstriedtosettledownonafarminTennessee,buttheyhadtoleavewhensomemembersofthegruopwerearrestedforgrowingmarijuana.

　　Notallcommunesbelievedinthephilosophyof"doyouownthing,"however.TwinOaks,acommunefoundedinVirgianiainthelate1960s,wasbasedontheideasofpsychologistB.F.Skinner.ThepeoplewholivedatTwinOakswerecarefullycontrolledbySkinner's"conditioning"techniquestodothingsthatweregoodforthecommunity.In1972,ItalianarchitectPaoloSoleribegantobuildArcosanti,autopiancityArizsonawhere2500peoplewilllivecloselytogetherinonelargebuildingcalledan"archology"Soleribelievesthatpeoplemustlivecloselytogethersothattheywillallbecomeone.

　　1.WhydidsomeyoungAmericansdecideto"dropout"ofscoietyduringthe1960s?

　　a.TheywerenotsatisfiedwithAmericansociety.

　　b.Theywantedtogrowmarijuana.

　　c.TheywantedtogototheVietnamWar.

　　d.Theydidnotwantallpeopletobeequal.

　　2.WheredidthemembersoftheHogFarmcommunelive?

　　a.Indome-shapedhouse

　　b.Inoldschoolhuses

　　c.OnafarminTennessee

　　d.InanarchologyinArizona

　　3.WhogavethepeopleofDropCitytheideatobuliddome-shapedhouse?

　　a.PaoloSoleri

　　b.B.G.Skinner

　　c.SteveGaskin

　　d.BuckminsterFuller

　　4.WhatwastheTwinOakscommunebaseon?

　　a.Thephilosophyof"doyourownthing"

　　b.Virginaiainthelate1960s

　　c.Theideasofpsychologist

　　d.Thebeliefthatpeoplemustlivecloselytogerher.

　　5.Whatisan"archology"?

　　a.Apersonwhostudiesarchaeology

　　b.Alargebuildingwherepeoplelivecloselytogether

　　c.AcityinArizona

　　d.Atechniquetocontorlpeople

　　答案：

abdcb

八

　　Therearetwofactorswhichdetermineanindividual'sintelligence.Thefirstisthesortofbrainheisbornwith.Humanbrainsdifferconsiderably,somebeingmorecapablethanothers.Butnomatterhowgoodabrainhehastobeginwith,anindividualwillhavealoworderofintelligenceunlesshehasopportunitiestolearn.Sothesecondfactoriswhathappenstotheindividual—thesortofenvironmentinwhichheisreared.Ifanindividualishandicappedenvionmentally,itislikelythathisbrainwillfailtodevelopandhewillneverattainthelevelofintelligenceofwhichheiscapable.

　　Theimportanceofenvironmentindetermininganindividual'sintellingencecanbedemonstratedbythecasehistoryoftheidenticaltwins,PeterandMarkX.Beingidentical,thetwinshadidenticalbrainsatbirth,andtheirgrowthprocesseswerethesame.Whenthetwinswerethreemonthsold,theirparentsdied,andtheywereplacedinseparatefosterhomes.Peterwasreatedbyparentsoflowintelligenceinanisolatedcommunitywithpooreducationalpooprtunities.Markwasrearedinthehomeofwell-to-doparentswhohadbeentocollege.Hewasreadtoasachild,senttogoodschools,andgiveneveryopportunitytobestimulatedintellectually.Thisenviromentaldifferencecontinueduntilthetwinswereintheirlateteens,whentheyweregibentesetstomeasuretheirintelligence.Mark'sI.Q.was125,twenty-fivepointshigherthantheaverageandfullyfortypointshigherthanhisidenticalbrother.Givenequalopportunities,thetwins,havingidenticalbrains,wouldhavetestedatroughlythesamelevel.

　　1.Thisselectioncanbestbetitled_________.

　　a.MeasuringYourIntelligence

　　b.IntelligenceandEnvironment

　　c.TheCaseofPeterandMark

　　d.HowthebrainInfluencesIntelligence

　　2.Thebeststatementofthemainideaofthispassageisthat_____.

　　a.humanbrainsdifferconsiderably

　　b.thebrainapersonisbornwithisimprotantindetermininghisintelligence

　　c.environmentiscrucialindeterminingaperson'sintelligence

　　d.personshavingidenticalbrainswillhaveroughlythesameintelligence

　　3.Accordingtothepassage,theaverageI.Q.is_____.

　　a.85

　　b.100

　　c.110

　　d.125

　　4.Thecasehistoryofthetwinsappearstosupporttheconclusionthat_______.

　　a.individualwithidenticalbrainsseldomtestatsamelevel

　　b.anindividual'sintelligenceisdeterminedonlybyhisenviroment

　　c.lackofopportunityblocksthegrowthofintelligence

　　d.changesofenviromentproducechangesinthestructureofthebrain

　　5.Thispassagesuggeststhatanindividual'sI.Q.______.

　　a.canbepredictedatbirth

　　b.staysthesamethrouthouthislife

　　c.canbeincreasedbyeducation

　　d.isdeterminedbyhischildhood

　　答案：

bcbcc

九

　　Asshewalkedroundthehugedepartmentstore,EdithreflectedhowdifficultitwastochooseasuitableChristmaspresentforherfather.Shewishthathewasaseasytopleaseashermother,whowasalwaysdelightedwithperfume

　　Besides,shoppongatthistimeoftheyearwasamostdisgreeableexperience:

peopletrodonyourtoes,pokedyouwiththeirelbowsandalmostknockedyouoverintheirhastetogettoabargainaheadofyou.

　　Partlytohavearest,Edithpausedinfrontofacounterwheresomeattracivetieswereondisplay."Theyarerealsilk,"theassistantassuredher,tryingtotempther."Worthdoubletheprice."Buteditknewfrompastexperiencethatherchoiceoftieshardlyeverpleasedherfather.

　　Shemovedonreluctantlyandthenquitebychance,stoppedwhereasmallcrowdofmanhadgatheredroundacounter.Shefoundsomegoodqualitypipesonsale-----andthepriceswereveryreasonable.Edithdidnothesitateforlong:

althoughherfatheronlysmokedapipeoccasionally,sheknewthatthiswasapresentwhichwasbundtopleasehim.

　　Whenshegothome,withhersmallwell-chosenpresentconcealedinherhandbag,herparentswerealreadyatthesuppertable.Hermotherwasinanespeciallycheerfulmood,"Yourfatherhasatlasttodecidedtostopsmoking."Sheinformedherdaughter.

　　1.Edith'sfather_______.

　　a.didnotlikepresent

　　b.nevergotpresent

　　c.preferredties

　　d.wasdifficulttochooseapresentfor

　　2.TheassistantspoketoEdithbecausesheseemed_______.

　　a.attractive

　　b.interestedinties

　　c.tired

　　d.inneedofcomfort

　　3.Edithstoppedatthenextcounter_________.

　　a.purosely

　　b.suddenly

　　c.unwillingly

　　d.accidentally