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Even
if
do
not
much
about
Renaissance,
they
have
heard
this
painting.
course,
just
French
word
“rebirth”
appeared
English
19th
century.
The
used
describe
period
European
history
began
with
arrival
Europeans
America,
an
age
exploration,
beginning
modern
world.
as
Europe
waking
up
after
long
sleep
Middle
Ages.
From
ideas
rapidly
spread
northwards
France,
Germany,
England,
rest
Europe.
Trade
other
parts
world
meant
getting
richer,
too.
Thismeant
had
money
spend
on
arts;
became
easier
for
artists
find
could
afford
buy
their
works
or
employ
them.
worked
important
such
Duke
Milan,
and,
towards
end
his
life,
King
France.
found
classical
Greece
Rome.
looked
forward,
too,
opening
frontiers
arts.
Painters
discovered
how
perspective
effects
light;
composers
put
different
voices
together
create
polyphony
（“many
voices"
）;
architects
preferred
designing
buildings
light
contrasted
heaviness
Gothic
cathedrals
sense
exploration
motivated
went
hand
type
philosophy.
After
centuries
accepting
medieval
view
human
life
considered
little
value
compared
greatness
God,
philosophers
asking
questions
like
“What
person?
”
“Why
am
I
here?
time,
religion,
centre
universe.
time
scientific
invention,
Leonardo,
well
being
greatest
painters
has
ever
known,
also
skilled
inventor.
Wherever
he
went,
carried
notebook
around
him,
wrote
down
ideas.
They
included
detailed
drawings
body,
plans
engineers
build
canals
bridges,
astonishing
machines
were
built
until
hundreds
later,
aeroplanes,
parachutes,
submarines
tanks.
Towards
employed
65
France
research,
did
lot
In
short,
extraordinary
genius,
what
been
described
“Renaissance
man”:
someone
interested
everything
talents.
even
only
contribution
Lisa,
would
genius
enough
all
time.
READING
AND
WRITING
（2）
Thursday
We
arrived
overnight
ferry
Hook
Holland
train
Amsterdam
Central
Station.
short
ride.
It’s
easy
your
way
town.
A
roads
follow
canals,
aren’t
straight
but
are
shaped
horseshoes.
So
you
can
walk
along
street
half
hour
so
five
minutes
from
where
started.
However,
most
don’t
walk－
three
million
bikes
town
good
bus
tram
system.
There
boats,
About
them
tourists,
others
houseboats
living
spent
whole
day
walking.
Tomorrow
we’re
going
rent
bikes.
Friday
today
looking
houses.
architecture
astonishing,
quite
countries
we’ve
to.
houses
tall
thin,
fantastically
ornate
appearance.
Ages
made
wood.
Then,
15th
huge
fire
quarters
destroyed.
that,
brick.
Unlike
places
Europe,
house
owners
taxed
size
－their
windows,
here
taxes
depended
width
－so
kept
narrow,
tall.
Well,
that'
s
Claire
says,
read
guidebook.
Saturday
visited
Van
Gogh
Museum,
instead
famous
Rijksmuseum.
astonishing.
1
hadn’t
really
Gogh’s
paintings
before.
He
seems
re-invented
art.
doesn’t
matter
whether
doing
portrait
landscape
—
he’s
genius.
last
70
days
before
shot
himself
produced
paintings,
reckon
they’re
almost
masterpieces.
Yet
sold
painting!
must
hours
museum.
When
we
came
out
told
thought
painter
history.
She
reminded
me
leaving
Paris
tomorrow,
see
...
Puzzle
subject
stories,
anecdote
remains
puzzle.
Is
Louvre
authentic
Vinci...
copy?
story
1911
noticed
missing.
spokesman
said,
“The
burglar
left
antique
frame
glass
behind.
gone
through
basement
main
courtyard.
passerby
saw
man
moustache,
carrying
parcel
under
arm,
dash
over
crossing,
crossroads.
then
fled
sideroad.
We’re
appealing
anyone
suspect
contact
us.”
stole
Lisa?
And
why?
News
loss
circulated
newspapers,
widespread
search
country.
police
“We
think
working
alone.
seeking
gang
criminals.”
Two
moustache
dealer
Florence
Italy
tentative
attempt
sell
checked
it,
agreed
...
called
police.
Why
burglar,
Vincenzo
Perugia,
wait
long?
Perugia
stolen
behalf
chief
organiser
crime,
Eduardo
de
Valfierno.
fundamental
mistake.
trusted
Valfierno
pay
him
drawback
didn’t
fact
need
painting,
news
theft.
De
six
superb
copies
them,
claiming
each
Of
substitutes
confidential.
buyers
didn'
t
paintings.
What'
more,
debt
Perugia.
two
years,
got
tired
waiting
paid,
tried
real
turned
Florence,
simply
merely
copy.
outcome
blame
crime
prison.
remained
liberty
life.
still
number
precise
painted
gifted
students
Vinci.
Part
painting’s
fascination
authentic...
stolen.
copy
Printing
Printing
process
making
single
document
using
movable
characters
letters.
China,
printing
known
early
7th
century,
during
Tang
Dynasty;
part
Renaissance.
answered
because
thirsty
Knowledge.
Before
invented,
manuscript
hand,
usually
animal
skins.
This
difficult
task
take
books
very
expensive.
possible
produce
few
weeks
lifetime
written
hand.
German,
Johann
Gutenberg,
press
adapted
farmers
squeeze
oil
olives.
paper,
suitable
（and
cheaper）
Paper,
printing,
invented
earlier
China
its
via
southeast
Asia
India.
By
10th
AD,
paper
Baghdad.
mill
12th
book
Gutenberg
Bible.
developed,
demand
Greek
Latin
classics,
largely
ignored
2,000
years.
wanted
own
languages.
invention
desire
satisfied.
Soon
presses
northern
1476
William
Caxton
set
London,
England
centres
industry.
printed
led
renewed
passion
artistic
expression.
Without
development
press,
may
never
happened.
inexpensive
make
available
large
section
society,
son
John
Shakespeare,
government
official
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