初中英语介词专项之欧阳地创编.docx
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初中英语介词专项之欧阳地创编
介词
时间:
2021.03.04
创作:
欧阳地
一.概念:
介词用来表明名词与句中其他词的关系,介词是虚词,不能独立充当句子成分
介词短语能够充当句子成分,介词短语=介词+介词宾语(名词、宾格代词、动名词等充当)
介词的作用
介词
表地点、位置、方向的介词
above,around,at,behind,between,by,down,from,in,up,infrontof,into,onto,near,off,out,over,through,under,towards,
表时间的介词
by,in,on,over,with
其他介词
like,with,without,from,next,to
二、常用
1、in在......之内
1)表示地点,表示大地点。
She’sinChinawithhermomanddad.
2)表示时间,表示在某一个时间段内Theweatheriscoldinwinter.
3)表示颜色和语言也用介词in。
Doyouknowthegirlinred?
IcanwritethisarticleinEnglish.
2、from从......中来
1)comefromIcomefromChinaandI’mChinese.
2)downloadfromIdownloadmusicfromtheInternet.
3)bedifferentfromLily’shabitsaredifferentfromLinda’s.
3.with和,用,与
1)withsb和......人在一起I’minClassOnewithDamingandLingling.
2)withsth.表示用某种工具Iwritewithmypen,andIseewithmyeyes.
4.at在......
1)表地点,主小地点。
MyfatherisateacheratBeijingInternationalSchool.
2)表时间,主指时间的一个点。
Igetupathalfpastseveninthemorning.
3)begoodat 擅长于......Iamgoodatreadingandwriting.
5.behind在......后面Theclassroomsarebehindtheoffices.
6.nextto 紧挨着Thelibraryisnexttotheclassrooms.
7.infrontof在 ......前面TheyareinfrontofTonyandDaming.
8.for为了......,因为。
。
。
。
Thankyouforyouremail.
9.on在......上,在......时
1)表示时间,表示具体的一天。
WouldyouliketogotoafootballmatchonSunday?
2)表示地点onthefarmontheplayground
10.to自,向
1)talkto与......谈论WehaveabreakandItalktomyfriends.
2)goto去Helikesfilmsandheoftengoestothecinema.
3)welcometo欢迎到......WelcometoBeijingZoo.
4)listento听Theyalwayslistentomusic.
5)connect......to.和...连接一起Pleaseconnectthemonitortothecomputerfirst.
三、.常用的介词的区别:
①in,to,on在方位名词前的区别
1.in表示A地在B地范围之内,如TaiwanisinthesoutheastofChina.
2.to表示A地在B地范围之外(有距离),如:
JapanliestotheeastofChina.
3.on表示A地与B地接壤、毗邻,如:
NorthKoreaisontheeastofChina.
②.at,in,on,by在表示时间上的区别1.at指时间表示:
(1)时间的点、时刻等。
Theycamehomeatnoon(atsunrise,atmidnight,atteno’clock,atdaybreak).
(2)较短暂的一段时间。
可指某个节日或被认为是一年中标志大事的日子。
HewenthomeatNewYear(atChristmas,attheSpringFestival).
2.in指时间表示:
(1)在某个较长的时间(如世纪、年、月、季节以及泛指的上午、下午或傍晚等)内。
in2004,inMarch,inspring,inthemorning,intheevening
(2)在一段时间之后。
一般用于将来时,谓语动词为非延续性动词,意为“在……以后”。
Hewillarriveintwohours.
(3)谓语动词为延续性动词时,in意为“在……以内”。
Theseproductswillbemadeinamonth.
3.on指时间表示:
(1)具体的时日和一个特定的时间,如某日、节日、星期几等,
OnChristmasDaytherewillbeaparty.
(2)在某个特定的早晨、下午或晚上。
Hearrivedat8o’clockonthenightofFriday.
(3)准时,按时。
Ifthetraincanbeontime,Ishouldgethomebeforedark.
4.by指时间表示:
(1)不迟于,在(某时)前。
如:
Hewillcomebysixo’clock.
(2)在……间,在……的时候。
如:
Heworkedbydayandstudiedbynight.
③.near,by,beside,at表示“在……附近”时的区别1.near表示相对的近,实际距离可能还很远。
SuzhouisnearShanghai.
2.by和beside都表示靠近,实际距离不很远,但beside比by更具体地表示出“在……旁边”的意思。
Hewassittingbesideher.Heiswalkingbytheriver.
3.at也有“在旁边”的意思,但多表示有目的的行为所处的位置,而by和beside仅表示位置关系。
如:
Thestudentsaresittingatthetablelisteningtotheteacher.
Severalstudentsaresittingby/besidethedoortalkingaboutamusic.
④.at,in和on表示地点时的区别
1.at表示地点:
(1)用于指较小的地方。
arriveat,接小地方Iwillwaitforyouatthestation.
(2)用于门牌号码前。
Helivesat11ZhongshanRoad.
2.in表示地点:
arrivein接较大地方HelivesinShanghai.
3.on表示地点,一般指与面或线接触,意为“在……上;在……旁”。
Thepicturewashangingonthewall.⑤.besides,except,but表示“除……外”之间的区别
1.besides表示“除了……以外,还有……”,具有附加性质。
如:
Besidesxiaoming,wealsowenttoseethefilm.注意:
besides用于否定句中时,与except,but同义,可互换。
如:
Wehavenootherbooksbesides/exceptthese.
2.except表示“……除外”,具有排它性质。
如:
Weallwenttoseethefilmexceptxiaoming.(王先生没去)
3.but意为“除了”,与except同义,except强调被排除的部分,but则强调整句的内容,常修饰否定意义的代词。
Nobodyknewitbutme.
⑥.above,over,on,up表示“在……上”之间的区别
1.above指“……上方”,表示相对高度,不一定在正上方,其反义词为below。
We’reflyingabovetheclouds.
2.over指“在……正上方”,表示垂直上方,其反义词为under。
Thebridgeisovertheriver.
3.on表示“在……上面”,与物体表面接触,与beneath相对。
Thereisamaponthewall.
4.up表示动作的方向往上,反义词为down。
如:
Pleasestandup
⑦with,from,for,at表示原因的区别
1.with表示原因,指由于外界而影响到内部,意为“因为;由于”。
Thelittlegirlwasshiveringwithcold.
2.from表示动机、疲劳、痛苦等原因。
Shediditfromasenseofduty.
3.for常表示为了某一目的、事业的原因。
Idoapologizeforkeepingyouwaiting.
4.at表示原因,指“听到;看到;想到”等。
Atthenewstheyfeltveryglad.
⑧.for和of的用法区别
试比较:
It'simpossibleformetowatchTVaftereleveno'clock.It'skindofyoutohelpme.
两句中介词的选择依据其前形容词而定,一般来说,of之前的形容词往往是用于描写人的品质的好坏,人自身的特点,如聪明与否,细心与粗心等;for之前的形容词用于描写事物的特点,如可能性,必然性,难易程度等。
⑨.by,with,in的用法区别
by表示"以...的方式,方法,手段"和"乘某种交通工具";with指"借助于具体的手段或工具";in表示"以......方式,用语言,文字等媒介"。
Isolvedtheproblembythisway.Icuttheapplewithaknife.HespeakswithusinEnglish.
⑩after和in的用法区别
这两个介词都可以表示时间"在以后"的意思。
其区别是:
after以过去为起点,表示过去一段时间之后,常用于过去时态的句子;in以现在为起点,表示将来一段时间以后,常用于将来时态的句子。
Iwenthomeafter10o'clockyesterday.Thetrainwillarriveintenminutes.
小试牛刀:
一:
用by,beside,near,beyond填空
1.Thelittlegirlissitting_____hermother.
2.Thereisawhitecar______ourschool.
3.Manyshopsare______ourhome.
4._______ourcitythereisariver.
二:
1.Thepostofficeis_______thepolicestationandthelibrary.
A.betweenB.amongC.in
2.Ican’tfinishmywork_______yourhelp.
A.withB.withoutC.in
3.Thankyou____________metohavedinner.
A.forinviteB.ofinviteC.forinviting
4.Whyareyoustanding,Alice?
-Ican’tseetheblackboardclearly.Twotallboysaresitting____me.
A.behindB.nexttoC.infrontof
5.Ifyoudothings_____,usuallyyoucan’tdothemwell.
A.inahurryB.fromnowonC.justnow
6.Whataniceday!
Weshouldgosightseeing_____watchingTVinthehotel.
A.becauseofB.insteadofC.togetherwith
7.Yourcoatlooksverynice.What’sitmade______?
-Cotton,anditismade_____Wuhan.
A.from,inB.of,inC.from,on
8.-Whenandwhereyouborn?
-Iwasborn____October1st,1998____Suzhou.
A.on,onB.in,inC.on,in
9.Therewillbemanyrobots____people’shomes____tenyears.
A.in,/B.in,inC.in,after
10.Alltheworkerswenthomeyesterday____MrWhite.Why?
-Becausehewasonduty.
A.exceptB.besidesC.exceptfor
11.It’sverykind____themtopickmeupattherailwaystationanddrivemehome.
A.forB.toC.of
12.AUFOlanded___theCenterStreet.
A.atB.onC.in
13._____theSpringFestival,theheavysnowstoppedmanypeoplefrom_____backhome.
A.During,goingB.In,goC.On,goes
24.Thinkitover_______youwritetheanswer.
A.beforeB.afterC.on
答案:
一:
1.by,2.beside,3.near,4.beyond
二:
1.A2.B3.C4.C5A6.B7B8C9C10A11C12B13.A14.A
勤加磨练:
1. The teacher is not only strict ____ his pupils but also strict ____ his own work.A. with, with B.in,in C. in, with D. with, in2. My father began to work ____ a bus driver when he was twenty years old.A.for B.to C.at D.as3.I don' t think Xiao Li is ____ the other students ____ mathematics.A. after, on B. after, with C. behind, in D. behind, at4. Nobody knows it ____ me.
A. except for B. except that C. besides D. but5. The window is never opened ____ in summer.
A. but B. except C. except for D. but for
6. We go to school ____ a bike.
A.in B.on C.by D.ove7. It's very kind____ you to repair the bike ____ me.A.for.for B.of,of C.of,for D.for,of8. Fresh air is good ____ your health.
A.at B.for C.of D.to9.The boy is waiting ____ his sister and they will go to the hospital to wait ____ their sick mother.A.for,on B.on,for C.for,for D.on.on10.The PLA man saved the boy ____ death.
A. of B.from C.to D.on11. He will come ____ three days.
A.before B.after C. in D. later12 He went to Beijing and returned ____ three days.A. in B. before C. later D. after13. He will return____ three o'clock.
A.after B.in C.on D.at14 He wrote the article ____ three days.
A.at B.in C.on D.by15I agree ____ what you said.
A.to B.on C.with D.at16. Do you agree____ this plan (arrangement)?
A.at B.with C.on D.to17. Finally they agreed ____ the terms of the contract.
A.on B.to C.with D.at18. Do you often hear____ your brother?
A. of B. from C. out of D. about19.1 heard ____ the book long ago, but I have never read it. A. out B.from C.of D.with20. The plane flew ____ the city.
A. across B.past C. through D.over21. We walked ____ the Tian An Men Square to the Museum of Chinese History.A. across B. through C.by D.past22.I was wandering ____ the streets when I caught sight of a tailor's shop.A. across B. through C.by D.past23. Our bus drove ____ the Great Hall of the People.A. across B. through C. past D.over24. ____ the sun, nothing would grow.. For B.With C. Under D. Without25. The teacher is busy ____ teaching.A.with B.for C.on D.of26. The teacher is busy ____ correcting papers.A. for B.in C.on D.of27. We left Xi' an _.___ a very hot summer afternoon.A. on B.in C. during D.by28. His teacher was angry ____ him ____ his being late.A.at,with B.at,for C.with,for D.with,about29. My father was disappointed ____ the news.A. by B. about C. at D. o30. Mr Wang went to Nanjing ____ October,1998 and came back home ____ the morning of Nov. 5.A.at;in B.on;at C.in;on D.by;from31 .My uncle lives ____ 105 Huanghe Street. His room is ____ the fifth floor.A.at;on B.td;at C.on;in D.of;to32. I