快速阅读理解.docx
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快速阅读理解
Sovereignty
Internationaleconomicintegrationispopularlycriticizedonthegroundsthatitreducesacountry’snationalsovereignty（undisputedpoliticalpower）。
Whentwoormoresovereigncountriessignatreaty，theyagreetodoand/ornottodospecifiedthings.Therefore，itisnotavalidcriticismofanyinternationaltreatytosaythatitentailsalossofnationalsovereignty.Alltreatiesdosoinonewayoranother.Therealissueis：
dothecountries’concessionsconstituteamutuallybeneficialdeal.Isthesurrenderofsovereigntyjustifiedbytheresults？
Consider，forexample，theCanadiandebateleadinguptotheCanadaUnitedStatesFreeTradeAgreementinLipseyandYork（1988）。
Canadaisasmall（ineconomicterms）andopeneconomy.Thecompetitivefutureofthiscountryhasbeenseriouslyjeopardizedbytheuncertainfutureoftherelativeliberalinternationaltradingsystem.Canadathereforenegotiated，andsubsequentlysignedin1988，aFreeTradeAgreementwiththeUnitedStates.ThenegotiationsandthepreelectionperiodatthattimeweresubjecttooneofthegreatestdebatesinCanadahistory.TheopponentsofthisAgreementwouldsignificantlyreduceCanadiansovereigntyanddistinctiveness.Theadomadebytheopponentsisprobablythegreatestoneinthehistoryofinternationaleconomicintegration.GivingtheirvotetotheConservatives，theCanadians，however，supportedtheAgreement.
TherewasafearthatCanadashouldhavetoharmonizearangeofeconomicpolicieswiththeUnitedStates.Ifexperienceisareliableguide，thenthisfearisnotrelevant.TheNetherlandshasadevelopedandcostlysocialpolicywhileBelgiumspendslittleinthisarea.Yet，thesetwocountrieshavebeeninafreetradeareaformorethanahalfacenturywithoutharmonizingtheirsocialpolicies.Asforothereconomicpolicies，pressuresforharmonizationdoexist.Iftaxratesdifferamongcountriesandiffactorsareallowedtomove，then，otherthingsbeingequal，factorswillmovetocountrieswherethetaxburdenislower.Itshouldbenoted，however，thattheseharmonizingpressuresexisteveninthesituationwithoutintegration.Within，forexample，acommonmarket，apartfromtheagreedmatters，countrieswillhavetogiveeachothernationaltreatment.Thismeansthatcountriescanhaveanypolicytheywish，eventhosewhicharecompletelydifferentfrompoliciesinthepartnercountrieswithjustoneimportantcondition.Thecountryshouldnotusethesepoliciestodiscriminatebetweenpartnersonthebasisoftheirnationality.Internationaleconomicintegrationisnottheenemyofdiversityinmanyeconomicpolicies.Inothers，likefiscalpolicyoftheEC，integrationdoesnotreducethediversityofthemainpolicyinstruments.Itisthisthatraisesallsortsofproblemswheneconomiesatdifferentlevelsofdevelopment，facingdifferentproblems，becomeintegrated.Theyoughttoharmonizesuchpolicies.
Ifasmallcountryacceptsalongtermpolicyofprotection，asopposedtoliberalizationorinternationaleconomicintegration，itchoosesalongtermdeteriorationinitscompetitiveposition.Itiscoupledwithareductioninlivingstandardinrelationtocountrieswhichdonotpracticeprotectionismand/ortothelevelofwelfarewhichcouldhavebeenachievedbyanalternativeeconomicstrategy.Canacountrypreserveitssovereigntyandthewelfareofitscitizenswithalongtermtrendofdeteriorationinthestandardofliving？
Theexpectationofaneteconomicgaincomparedtothesituationwithoutintegrationisthemostfundamentalincentiveforinternationaleconomicintegration.Anticipatedgainsincludeanincreaseintheefficiencyoftheuseoffactorsduetoincreasedcompetition，specialization，returnstoscale，increasesininvestment，improvementsintermsoftrade，reducedriskandequalizationoffactorprices.Integrationwillbebeneficialwhencooperationandcoordinationofpoliciestakesplaceinsteadofthedisintegratedexerciseofpowerthroughoftencontradictorypolicies.Sovereigntyispooled，ratherthangivenup.Small，opencountriesneedtorealizethatitismuchlessachoicebetweennationalsovereigntyandinternationaleconomicintegrationandmuchmoreachoicebetweenoneformofinterdependenceandanother.Ifonesaimistoincreasethecompetitivenessofasmallcountryandsecurewidestmarketsforitsgoodsandservicesinthefuture，theninternationaleconomicintegrationisaseriousalternativetothenationalfreedomtoimplementandcontinuewithbadeconomicpolicies.
1.Internationaleconomicintegrationisbasedonthetastesandtraditionsofallcountries.
2.Internationaleconomicintegrationisaprocessandameansbywhichagroupofcountriesstrivestoincreaseitslevelofwelfare.
3.Fromatechnicalpointofview，internationaleconomicintegrationisanunlimitedprocess.
4.Thedecisionaboutenteringintoanyothertypeofintegrationisinfactpoliticalfactor.
5.Internationaleconomicintegrationcanreducethecompetitivefutureofallcountriesthroughouttheworld.
6.CanadahasadevelopedandcostlysocialpolicywhiletheNetherlandsspendslittleinthisarea.
7.Internationaleconomicintegrationcannotbebasedondiversityinmanyeconomicpolicies.
8.Someonesaidinternationaleconomicintegrationwascriticizedbecauseitreduced.
9.Withrespecttoothers，likefiscalpolicyoftheEC，internationaleconomicintegrationdoesnotreducethediversityof.
10.Smallopencountriesneedtorealizethatitisnotachoicebetweennationalsovereigntyandinternationaleconomicintegrationbutachoicebetweenoneformof.
【答案与解析】
3.TheDefinitionofInternationalEconomicIntegration
1.NG本题的关键词是tastesandtraditions。
因为本文讲的就是世界经济一体化问题，因此没有必要再把internationaleconomicintegration定为关键词了。
带着本题的两个关键词，按照快速阅读理解题目的命题规律，从文章的开头搜寻。
在文章的第一段第三句中找到了上述两个关键词，通读上下文，才发现在涉及这两个关键词的有关句子讲的是对价格产生的不同影响，而没有提到世界经济一体化的问题。
因此答案为NG。
2.Y属定义题。
此题的关键词为aprocessandmeans和itslevelofwelfare。
既然是定义题，首先在文章查找有无给世界经济一体化作出定义。
文章开头的一个小标题就是世界经济一体化的定义。
因此，可把搜寻目标定位在这个小标题下的狭小范围之内了。
再按关键词寻找，在第二段第一句中找到了关键词的位置及与题目内容相同的叙述。
证明所作出的答案是正确无疑的。
3.N属判断题，关键词语是unlimitedprocess和fromatechnicalpointofview，继续顺读篇章，在第二段中下部发现有两句含有本题关键词：
一句是Theprocessofintegrationmaybepracticallyunlimited.。
..另一句是Fromatechnicalpointofview，internationaleconomicintegrationcanbealimitedprocess.。
.
上句话讲的是没有限制的，观其全句和上下文义才发现上句指的是从实践上看的。
而下句说的是从技术方面看是一个有限制的过程，而且下句话把几个关键词语全包含进去了。
所以答案是N。
4.Y关键线索词是decision和political。
题义是：
实际上，决定加入其他一体化形式是一种政治行为。
即使你还不能完全把握这句话的汉语意思，那么根据关键词的线索去寻找，也能找到正确答案。
依次搜寻，跳过一体化各种类型的描述。
在这些一体化类型列举之后，可能有一个概括性的结论或总体论述。
结果在表格的上方果然有一句包含2个关键词的句子。
观其句义，尽管不完全一样，但把题中的内容全部包含进去了。
5.NG关键词是reduce和thecompetitivefuture.在Sovereignty（主权）这个小标题下面的句子中找到reduce一词，是说一体化是否削减了国家主权，在这个小标题下的下一个段落中找到thecompetitivefuture这个关键词语，但并未提及世界经济一体化减少了未来各国的竞争。
因此，确定答案是NG。
6.N本题关键词语是Canada，Netherlands和adevelopedandcostlysocialpolicy，依照关键线索词语，把范围锁定在倒数第三段和倒数第四段。
迅速跨越无关的内容，在倒数第三段第三句找到TheNetherlandshasadevelopedandcostlysocialpolicywhileBelgiumspendslittleinthisarea.因此确定答案是N。
7.N本题的关键词是diversity和economicpolicies.在倒数第三段倒数第六行的Internationaleconomicintegrationisnottheenemyofdiversityinmanyeconomicpolicies，这句话中包含了本题的两个关键词。
句子的意思是世界经济一体并不是经济政策多样化的敌人。
与本题意思相反。
故答案为N。
8.acountry’snationalsovereignty本题的关键词为iscriticized，和sovereignty.根据sovereignty一词可以很快地把本题定位在Sovereignty（主权）这个副标题下。
再根据另外两个关键词找到Sovereignty下面的第一句话，因此，就很快地找到了答案。
9.mainpolicyinstruments本题的关键词EC，这个词是最易查找的信号词。
不再确定其他关键词也足以定位了。
根据关键词EC很快找到它所在的句子。
10.interdependenceandanother本题的关键词语是small，opencountries，realize和achoice。
PartⅡReadingComprehension（SkimmingandScanning）（15minutes）
Directions:
Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.
Forquestions1-7,mark
Y（forYES）ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage;
N（forNO）ifthestatementcontradictstheinformationgiveninthepassage;
NG（forNOTGIVEN）iftheinformationisnotgiveninthepassage.
Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.
Airplane
AirplaneInstruments
Modernairplanesarecomplicatedmachines.Pilotsneedmanygauges（量表）andelectronicaidstohelpflythem.Theflightdeckofalargepassengerplanecontainsmanyindicatordialsandwarninglights.Oneofthemostimportantinstrumentsisthealtimeter,whichtellsthepilothowhightheplaneisofftheground.Theairspeedindicatormeasurestheplane’sspeed.Theartificialhorizonshowsthepositionoftheplanerelativetothehorizon.Theturnandbackindicatorshowshowmuch,ifatall,theplaneisturningandtilting.Indensecloudsandfog,apilotwouldnotalwaysknowwhichwaytheplaneisheadingifitweren’tforthisinstrument.Agyrocompass（旋转罗盘）andvariousradiodevicesarenecessaryfornavigation.
Mostlargeplanesalsohaveanautomaticpilot.Thisisadeviceoperatedbyacomputer.Itwillflytheplanewithoutthepilotstouchingthecontrols.Theseautopilotscanevencontroltakeoffsandlandings.Theflightdeckalsocontainsmanygaugesandmetersthattellthepilotwhetherthemanypiecesofequipmentontheplaneareoperatingproperly.Theymeasurefuellevel,temperatures,cabinpressure,electriccurrent,etc.Indicatorsshowwhetherthelandinggearisupordown.Theradioequipmentallowsthepilottotalktogroundcontrollersandtoreceivenavigationsignals.
AirplaneConstruction
Earlyairplanesweremadeofwoodframescoveredbyfabricandheldinshapebywire.AfterWorldWarI,airplanedesignersstartedtouselightweightmetalslikealuminum,titanium,andmagnesiumalloys.Athinskinofmetalwasrivetedintoplaceovermetalribs.Strongepoxy（环氧的）gluesarenowusedforsomejoints,insteadofrivets.Asplane
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