英语阅读理解技巧(事实细节题).ppt

英语阅读理解技巧(事实细节题).ppt

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,英语阅读理解技巧（事实细节题）StrategiesforQuestionsofDetailsinReadingComprehension,Instructionalobjectives:

1.KnowabouttherequirementsofreadingcomprehensionintheNEMT2.Learndifferentquestiontypes.3.Learnthestrategies（策略）ofdetailsinreadingcomprehensionandthussummarizethem.4.Telltherightanswersfromdistracters（干扰项）EmotionalGoals:

Enforceyoursolutionabilitybypracticingmore,RequirementsofreadingcomprehensionintheNEMT高考大纲之阅读,考察考生阅读理解不同文体语篇的能力，如书、报、杂志、网络中关于一般性话题的文字材料以及公告、说明、广告等（生词量不超过3），并能从中获取相关信息。

考生应能：

、理解主旨和要义；、获取具体信息；、根据语境猜测词义；、根据语境推理判断；、理解作者的意图、观点或态度；、把握文章的逻辑和结构。

重庆高考细节题近5年概况：

12-16scores33%,细节题类型,1wh细节题,2是非题,3排序题,4图表题,5计算题,6其它题,Questiontypes：

Questiontype1:

Wh-细节题,即以_、_、_、_、_、_、_等疑问词开头提问短文具体内容。

what,who,when,where,how,why,1.概念,which,Step,2Wh细节题常见的考题形式有：

How/When/Whydidsomethinghappen?

Whichofthefollowingshouldpeopledoit?

Whereshouldsomebodydosomething?

-Accordingtothetext/Fromthetext,why/when/where/how/what/who.?

.,1）先读题。

找准问题中的关键词，利用信息定位，运用略读和查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找相关出处。

2）对比所找信息中所找词汇，进行变通，即有可能用成近义词，反义词，正话反说等。

3解题方法和步骤：

1）Notlongago,mywife,PJ,andItriedanewdietnottolosealittleweightbuttoansweranannoyingquestionaboutclimatechange.,Q:

Whydidtheauthorandhiswifetryanewdiet?

A.TotakespecialkindsoffoodB.Torespondtoclimatechange.C.ToloseweightD.Toimprovetheirhealth,近义词,because,dueto.todo,4Practice,就近原则：

不推比推的好，推得近的比推得远的好,2）（2013湖北E篇）Surprisingly,comparedwiththoseinpoorhealthorwhohadlowincomes,respondentswhoenjoyedgoodhealthorincomewereassociatedwithexpectingagreaterdecline.Also,theresearcherssaidthathigherincomewasrelatedtoagreaterriskofdisability.Q:

Howdopeopleofhigherincomeseetheirfuture?

A.Theywillearnlessmoney.B.Theywillbecomepessimistic.C.Theywillsuffermentalillness.D.Theywillhavelesstimetoenjoylife.,词性变化,high/lowincome,就近原则：

不推比推的好，推得近的比推得远的好,3）（2012全国卷C篇）LastnightIwasdrivingfromHarrisburgtoLewisburg，distanceofabouteightymiles.Itwaslate.SeveraltimesIgotstuckbehindaslow-movingtruckonanarrowroadwithasolidwhitelineonmyleft,andIbecameincreasinglyimpatient.Q:

Whydidtheauthorgetimpatientwhiledriving?

Hewaslonelyontheroad.Hewassloweddownbyatruck.Hegottiredofdrivingtoolong.D.Hecameacrosstoomanytrafficlights.,语言简化/归纳总结,patient,patience.,1）先读题。

找准问题中的关键词，利用信息定位，运用略读和查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找相关住处。

2）对比所找信息中所找词汇，进行变通，即有可能用成近义词，反义词，正话反说等。

4请运用刚才的技巧分组练习,正确选项的特点与概括:

（事实细节题的考点）,_把原文中的一些词换成近义词,反义词等。

_把原文中的一些词变换一下词性，或者改变原文句子的语态，给考生制造障碍。

_把原文中的复杂语言现象进行简化，长话短说，成为正确答案。

替换关键词,词性或者语态的变化,语言简化/总结归纳,1）、（2013辽宁A篇）YetsincemyarrivalinBeijinglastyear,Ivefoundtheoppositeistrue.Therearemillionsofcars.However,peoplestillusetheirbicyclestogetaround.Formany,itstheeasiestandcheapestwaytotraveltoday.Bicyclesalsocomeindifferentcolors-silver,green,red,blue,yellow,whateveryouwant.Q:

Accordingtotheauthor,whyarebicyclesstillpopularinChinatoday?

A.Becausetheyaretraditionalandsafe.B.Becausetheyareconvenientandinexpensive.C.Becausetheyarecolorfulandavailable.D.Becausetheyarefastandenvironmentfriendly.,近义词,2）（重庆2013年高考C篇）Theoldestknowntransportwheelwasdiscoveredin2002inSlovenia.Itisover5,100yearsold.Evidencesuggeststhatwheelsfortransportdidntbecomepopularforawhile,though.Thiscouldbebecauseanimalsdidaperfectlygoodjobofcarryingfarmingtoolsandhumansaround.64.Whatmightexplainwhytransportwheelsdidntbecomepopularforsometime?

A.Fewknewhowtousetransportwheels.B.Humanscarriedfarmingtoolsjustaswell.C.Animalswereagoodmeansoftransport.D.Theexistenceoftransportwheelswasnotknown.,语言简化/归纳总结,3）（2012山东A篇）Unfortunately,theleadersinvestedthemoneyunwiselyandlostmillionsofdollars.Inaddition,theyusedmillionsmoredollarsforpersonalexpenses.Soonpeoplerealizedthattheyhadaterribleproblemtheirphosphate磷酸盐wasrunningout.Ninetypercentoftheirislandwasdestroyedandtheyhadnothing.By2000,Nauruwasfinanciallyruined.Expertssaythatitwouldtakeapproximately$433,600,000andmorethan20yearstorepairtheisland.Thiswillprobablyneverhappen.59.WhichofthefollowingwasacauseofNaurusfinancialproblem?

A.ItsleadersmisusedthemoneyB.ItspenttoomuchrepairingtheislandC.Itsphosphate（磷酸盐）miningcostmuchmoneyD.Itlostmillionsofdollarsinthecivilwar.,语言简化,economy,money,cost,expenses,4）（2011全国）SoftwareTrainerIfyouareaged24-45andhaveexperienceinteachingandtraining,youcouldbethepersonwearelookingfor.Youshouldbegoodatthecomputerandhavesomeexperienceinprogrammewriting.Youwillbeallowedtomakeyouowndecisions,andtodesigncoursesaswellaspresentthem.Payupwardsof15,000poundsfortherightperson.PleaseapplybysendingyouCV（简历）toMrs.R.Lglivie,PalmlaceLimited.,Q:

WhatkindofpersonwouldprobablyapplytoPalmlaceLimited?

A.OnewithGCSEgradeClevel.B.Onewithsomeofficeexperience.C.Onehavinggoodcomputerknowledge.D.Onetrainedinproducingmusicprogramme.,无中生有,无中生有,正误并存,1常见的设问方式：

三对一错或三错一对1）Whichofthefollowingistrue/false/mentioned?

2）Allofthefollowingstatementsmaybetrue/falseexcept_.Whichofthefollowingisnottheresultof.?

Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedinthetext?

Step是非题,_。

即把选项内容和原文内容进行对比分析，判断是否符合相关句的意义或在原文中提到过，然后进行排队解答。

项。

2解题方法：

原文定位法,Enlisted（征募）inthearmyin1997,Liuwasanexperiencedpilotwith1,680hoursofflyingexperienceandthedeputyheadofaflightunitofthePLAsAirForcebeforebeingenlistedintoChinassecondgroupofprospectiveastronautsinMay2010.Sheisnowanairforcemajor.,3Practice,Q:

WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutLiuYangfromthepassage?

LiuoncewasheadofaflightunitofthePLAsAirForce.Liuhasbecomeanairforcemajorin1997.ShewasenlistedintoChinassecondgroupofprospectiveastronautsin2010.AfterthreeyearsoftrainingLiuwasselectedasacandidate.,删减细节/缩小范围,正误并存,now,_明显不是文章的信息，与文中事实相反或不符,4干扰项的特点,正误并存,扩大（缩小）范围,偷换概念,以偏概全,无中生有,_信息部分正确，部分错误,_是原文信息，但故意增加或减少细节,_符合常识，但不是文章的内容,_与原句的内容极为相似，但在程度、态度、褒贬色彩上有变动,_是原文信息，但不是题干要求的内容,答非所问,1）（2010年广东C篇）Foodsometimesgetspoisonedwithharmfulthings.Apersonwhoeatssuchfoodcangetanillnesscalledfoodpoisoning.Foodpoisoningisusuallynotserious,butsometypesaredeadly.Thesymptomsoffoodpoisoningusuallybeginwithinhoursofeatingthepoisonedfood.Feverisoneofthemostcommonsymptoms.,5分组练习,Q:

WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

A.Foodwhenpoisonedcanmakepeoplesick.B.Foodpoisoningmeansdeath.C.Foodpoisoningcomesinvarieties.D.Foodpoisoningcanbeserious.,以偏概全,Foodpoisoningisusuallynotserious,butsometypesaredeadly.,有时命题者故弄玄虚，在选项中加些夸大其词的说法，把“大约”说成“绝对，肯定”（要留意选项中诸如all,absolutely,only,never,completely,definitely等词），把抽象说成具体，或者把人名、地名、时间等张冠李戴，误串起来，从而构成形是实非的干扰项。

注意“陷阱”：

2）（2013河南质检）Itiseasytofindorganicmulch（覆盖）materials.Cut-upleavesandsmallpiecesoftreebarkcanbeused.Grasscuttingsarealsoagoodmulchforplants.Mulchfromnewspapersworkswellincontrollingweeds.4.ThefollowingcanbeusedasorganicmaterialstomakemulchEXCEPT_.A.TreebarksB.cut-upleavesC.grasscuttingsD.plastic,3（2013山西高三质检）Traditionally,peoplehavedrunkbottledwatertohealthreasons.Thepracticeof“takingthewaters”originatedwiththeRoans,whobelievedthatapersondevelopedahealthymindbybuildingahealthybody.AcrossEurope,drinkingorbathinginmineralwaterhasbeenassociatedwithpowertocurevariousdiseases.,Q:

WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

ABottledwaterwasoncedrunkbothbytherichandthepoor.B.Bottledwatersaleshaverisen,foritscheaperthantapwater.C.Europeansbelievedinthepoweroftreatmentofmineralwater.D.Americanshavehadthehabitofdrinkingbottledwaterforlong.,词性转化,无中生有,AcrossEurope,drinkingorbathinginmineralwaterhasbeenassociatedwithpowertocurevariousdiseases.,4）（2012合肥质检）Thenewtechnologyhasproducedvariousoptionsforstudents.CollegeBooksellers,whichoperates636campusbookstoresnationwide,isnowmarketingitsnewsoftwareapplication,whichallowsstudentstoreade-textbooksonPCs.Thecompanyintroducedthefreeapplicationlastsummerinthehopeofattractingmorestudentstobuyitselectronictextbooks.“Nowthebiggestbarrierisgettingthemtotryit.”saidthecompanysvicepresident.,Q:

WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothisparagraph?

A.CollegeBooksellersoperatesmorethan600bookstoresincampus.B.Thefreeapplicationwasintroducedtoincreasesalesofelctronictextbooks.C.Campusstudentsnowfancyatryofthefreesoftwareapplication.D.Thecompanysmanagementstillhastodomoretosellthee-textbooks.,want,Nowthebiggestbarrierisgettingthemtotryit,summary,Wh-细节题解题方法,1找题干中的关键词，用略读和查读方法锁定出处。

2对比词汇，仔细分析题干和原文的共同点和差异。

是非题解题方法：

原文定位法,正确选项特征,替换关键词,词性变化,语言简化/总结归纳,错误选项特征,1正误并存,2扩大/缩小范围,3无中生有,4以偏概全,5偷换概念,6答非所问,做阅读理解细节题，除了掌握技巧以外，最主要是要有足够的词汇量，辅以语法知识，认真分析，仔细思考，才能得高分。

不然，只是舍本逐末。

Practicemakesperfect!

Mayyousucceedinyourstudies!

Thankyou!

事实细节题解题技巧1.若针对特殊标点符号,举例子,名人名言出题,只需要阅读符号，例子,名言前后的内容，然后与选项核对。

2.在出现一些关键词，如however、but、moreover、therefore、thus时，要特别注意句子前后意义的转折，递进，因果等关系。

3.细节题的答案一般是同义替换项或者同义转换项,summary,4.选项中有绝对语气词的一般不是答案。

如：

must,never,themost,all,merely,only,haveto,any,no,completely,none,等。

但不是绝对，也有例外。

5.注意选项中的副词，形容词和介词短语等与原文是否一致。

如：

must,may,often,should,usually,might,most,moreorless,likely,all,never，few等存在程度不同，经常被偷换，往往被忽视。

6.细节题干扰项特点：

与原文内容相反；与原文内容一半相符，一半不同；叙述过于绝对化；原文没有提及.,解题办法：

首尾定位法+排除法即：

先找出最先发生的事和最后发生的事，通过排除法迅速缩小范围，从而快速选出正确答案。

Questiontype1:

排序题,B篇Candogsandcatsliveinperfectharmonyinthesamehome?

Peoplewhoarethinkingaboutadoptingadogasafriendfortheircatsareworriedthattheywillfight.Arecentresearchhasfoundanewrecipeofsuccess.Accordingtothestudy,ifthecatisadoptedbeforethedog,andiftheyareintroducedwhe