英语四级考试真题及答案精编版Word文档格式.docx

英语四级考试真题及答案精编版Word文档格式.docx

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Allchildrenare37toahigh-qualityeducationregardlessoftheirrace,zipcodeorfamilyincome.Itis38importantthatweprovideteachersandprincipalsthesupporttheyneedtohelpstudentsreachtheirfull39,"

U.S.SecretaryofEducationArneDuncansaid."

Despitetheexcellentworkanddeep40ofournation'

steachersandprincipals,studentsinhigh-poverty,high-minorityschoolsareunfairlytreatedacrossourcountry.Wehavetodobetter.Localleadersandeducatorswill41theirowncreativesolutions,butwemustworktogetherto42ourfocusonhowtobetterrecruit,supportand43effectiveteachersandprincipalsforallstudents,especiallythekidswhoneedthemmost."

Today'

sannouncementisanotherimportantstepforwardinimprovingaccesstoaqualityeducation,a44ofPresidentObama'

syearofaction.Latertoday,SecretaryDuncanwillleadaroundtablediscussionwithprincipalsandschoolteachersfromacrossthecountryaboutthe45ofworkinginhigh-needschoolsandhowtoadoptpromisingpracticesforsupportinggreateducatorsintheseschools.

A.AnnouncingB.beneficialC.challengesD.commitment

E.componentF.contestsG.criticallyH.develop

I.distributingJ.enhanceK.entitledL.potential

M.properlyN.qualifiedO.retain

SectionB

Directions:

Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.

TheChangesFacingFastFood

A）Fast-foodfirmshavetobeathick-skinnedbunch.Healthexpertsregularlycriticizethemseverelyforsellingfoodthatmakespeoplefat.CriticsevencomplainthatMcDonald'

s,whoselogosymbolizescalorieexcess,shouldnothavebeenallowedtosponsortheWorldCup.Thesearethingsfast-foodfirmshavelearnttocopewith.Butnotperhapsformuchlonger.Theburgerbusinessfacesmorepressurefromregulatorsatatimewhenitisalreadyadaptingstrategiesinresponsetoshiftsintheglobaleconomy.

B）Fastfoodwasoncethoughttoberecession-proof.Whenconsumersneedtocutspending,thelogicgoes,cheapmealslikeBigMacsandWhoppersbecomeevenmoreattractive.Such"

tradingdown”provedtrueformuchofthelatestrecession,whenfast-foodcompaniespickedupcustomerswhocouldnolongeraffordtoeatatcasualrestaurants.TrafficwasboostedinAmerica,thehomeoffastfood,withdiscountsandpromotions,suchas$1menusandcheapcombinationmeals.

C）Asaresult,fast-foodchainshaveweatheredtherecessionbetterthantheirmoreexpensivecompetitors.In2009salesatfull-servicerestaurantsinAmericafellbymorethan6%,buttotalsalesremainedaboutthesameatfast-foodchains.Insomemarkets,suchasJapan,FranceandBritain,totalspendingonfastfoodincreased.Same-storesalesinAmericaatMcDonald'

s,theworld'

slargestfast-foodcompany,didnotdeclinethroughoutthedownturn.PaneraBread,anAmericanfast-foodchainknownforitsfreshingredients,performedwell,too,becauseitoffershigher-qualityfoodatlowerpricesthanrestaurants.

D）Butnotallfast-foodcompanieshavebeenasfortunate.Many,suchasBurgerKing,haveseensalesfall.Inasevererecession,whilesomepeopletradedowntofastfood,manyotherseatathomemorefrequentlytosavemoney.DavidPalmer,ananalystatUBS,abank,sayssmallerfast-foodchainsinAmerica,suchasJackintheBoxandCarl'

sJr.,havebeenhitparticularlyhardinthisdownturnbecausetheyarecompetingwiththeglobalgiantMcDonald'

s,whichincreasedspendingonadvertisingbymorethan7%lastyearasotherscutback.

E）Somefast-foodcompaniesalsosacrificedtheirownprofitsbytryingtogivecustomersbettervalue.Duringtherecessioncompaniessetpriceslow,hopingthatoncetheyhadtemptedcustomersthroughthedoortheywouldbepersuadedtoordermoreexpensiveitems.Butinmanycasesthatstrategydidnotwork.LastyearBurgerKingfranchisees（特许经营人）sued（起诉）thecompanyoveritsdouble-cheeseburgerpromotion,claimingitwasunfairforthemtoberequiredtosellthesefor$1whentheycost$1.10tomake.InMayajudgeruledinfavorofBurgerKing.Nevertheless,thecompanymaystillbecursingitsdecisiontopromotecheapchoicesovermoreexpensiveonesbecauseitemsonits"

valuemenu"

nowaccountforaround20%ofallsales,upfrom12%lastOctober.

F）Analystsexpectthefast-foodindustrytogrowmodestlythisyear.Butthedownturnismakingcompaniesrethinktheirstrategies.Manyarenowintroducinghigher-priceditemstoentice（引诱）consumersawayfrom$1specials.KFC,adivisionofYum!

Brands,whichalsoownsTacoBellandPizzaHut,haslaunchedachickensandwichthatcostsaround$5.AndinMayBurgerKingintroducedbarbecue（烧烤）porkribsat$7foreight.

G）Companiesarealsotryingtogetcustomerstobuynewandmoreitems,includingdrinks.McDonald’sstartedsellingbettercoffeeasachallengetoStarbucks.Its"

McCafe"

linenowaccountsforanestimated6%ofsalesinAmerica.StarbuckshassoldrightstoitsSeattle'

sBestcoffeebrandtoBurgerKing,whichwillstartsellingitlaterthisyear.

H）Asfast-foodcompaniesshiftfrom"

supersize"

to"

morebuys"

theyneedtokeepcustomertraffichighthroughouttheday.Manyseebreakfastasabigopportunity,andnotjustforfattyfood.McDonald’swillstartsellingporridge（粥）inAmericanextyear.Breakfasthasthepotentialtobeveryprofitable,saysSaraSenatorofBernstein,aresearchfirm,becausethemarginscanbehigh.Fast-foodcompaniesarealsoaddingmiddayandlate-nightsnacks,suchasblendeddrinksandwraps.Theideaisthatbyhavingagreaterrangeofthingsonthemenu,"

wecanselltoconsumersproductstheywantallday,"

saysRickCarlucci.,the.chieffinancialofficerofYum!

Brands.

I）Butwhataboutthosegrowingwaistlines?

Sofar,fast-foodfirmshavecleverlyavoidedgovernmentregulation.Byprovidinghealthyoptions,likesaladsandlow-caloriesandwiches,theyhaveatleastgiventheimpressionofdoingsomethingabouthelpingtofightobesity（肥胖症）.Theseofferingsarenotnecessarilyloss-leaders,astheybroadentheappealofoutletstogroupsofdinersthatincludesomepeoplewhodon'

twanttoeataburger.Butcustomerscannotbeforcedtoordersaladsinsteadoffries.

J）Inthefuture,simplyofferingahealthyoptionmaynotbegoodenough."

Everypackaged-foodandrestaurantcompanyIknowisconcernedaboutregulationrightnow,"

saysMr.PalmerofUBS.America’shealth-reformbill,whichCongresspassedthisyear,requiresrestaurantchainswith20ormoreoutletstoputthecalorie-contentofitemstheyserveonthemenu.AstudybytheNationalBureauofEconomicResearch,whichtrackedtheeffectsonStarbucksofasimilarcalorie-postinglawinNewYorkCityin2007,foundthattheaveragecalorie-countpertransactionfell6%andrevenueincreased3%atStarbucksstoreswhereaDunlinDonutsoutletwasnearby--asign,itissaid,thatmenu-labelingcouldfavorchainsthathavemorehealthyofferings.

K）InordertoavoidotherlegislationinAmericaandelsewhere,fast-foodcompanieswillhavetocontinueinnovating（创新）.WaltRikerofMcDonald'

sclaimsthechangeithasmadeinitsmenumeansitoffersmorehealthyitemsthanitdidafewyearsago."

Weprobablysellmorevegetables,moremilk,moresalads,moreapplesthananyrestaurantbusinessintheworld,"

hesays.ButtherecentproposalbyacountyinCaliforniatobanMcDonald'

sfromincludingtoysinitshigh-calorie”HappyMeals"

becauselegislatorsbelieveitattractschildrentounhealthyfood,suggeststhereisalotmorelefttodo.

46.SomepeopleproposelawsbemadetostopMcDonald'

sfromattachingtoystoitsfoodspecialsforchildren.

47.Fast-foodfinsmaynotbeabletocopewithpressuresfromfoodregulationinthenearfuture.

48.BurgerKingwillstarttosellSeattle'

sBestcoffeetoincreasesales.

49.Somefast-foodfirmsprovidehealthyfoodtogivetheimpressiontheyarehelpingtotackletheobesityproblem.

50.Duringtherecession,manycustomersturnedtofastfoodtosavemoney.

51.Manypeopleeatoutlessoftentosavemoneyintimesofrecession.

52.Duringtherecession,BurgerKing'

spromotionalstrategyofofferinglow-priceditemsoftenprovedineffective.

53.Fast-foodrestaurantscanmakealotofmoneybysellingbreakfast.

54.Manyfast-foodcompaniesnowexpecttoincreasetheirrevenuebyintroducinghigher-priceditems.

55.Anewly-passedlawasksbigfast-foodchainstospecifythecaloriecountofwhattheyserveonthemenu.

SectionC

PassageOne

Questions56to60arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Ifyouthinkahigh-factorsunscreen（防晒霜）keepsyousafefromharmfulrays,youmaybewrong.Researchinthisweek'

sNatureshowsthatwhilefactor50reducesthenumberofmelanomas（黑瘤）anddelaystheiroccurrence,itcan'

tpreventthem.Melanomasarethemostaggressiveskincancers.Youhaveahigherriskifyouhaveredorblondhair,fairskin,blueorgreeneyes,orsunburneasily,orifacloserelativehashadone.Melanomasaremorecommonifyouhaveperiodicintense