Broadband Planar Antennas Design and Applications.pdf

Broadband Planar Antennas Design and Applications.pdf

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BroadbandPlanarAntennasDesignandApplicationsZhiNingChenandMichaelY.W.ChiaBothofInstituteforInfocommResearch,SingaporeBroadbandPlanarAntennasBroadbandPlanarAntennasDesignandApplicationsZhiNingChenandMichaelY.W.ChiaBothofInstituteforInfocommResearch,SingaporeCopyright2006JohnWiley&SonsLtd,TheAtrium,SouthernGate,Chichester,WestSussexPO198SQ,EnglandTelephone（+44）1243779777Email（forordersandcustomerserviceenquiries）:

cs-bookswiley.co.ukVisitourHomePageonAllRightsReserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystemortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recording,scanningorotherwise,exceptunderthetermsoftheCopyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988orunderthetermsofalicenceissuedbytheCopyrightLicensingAgencyLtd,90TottenhamCourtRoad,LondonW1T4LP,UK,withoutthepermissioninwritingofthePublisher.RequeststothePublishershouldbeaddressedtothePermissionsDepartment,JohnWiley&SonsLtd,TheAtrium,SouthernGate,Chichester,WestSussexPO198SQ,England,oremailedtopermreqwiley.co.uk,orfaxedto（+44）1243770620.Designationsusedbycompaniestodistinguishtheirproductsareoftenclaimedastrademarks.Allbrandnamesandproductnamesusedinthisbookaretradenames,servicemarks,trademarksorregisteredtrademarksoftheirrespectiveowners.ThePublisherisnotassociatedwithanyproductorvendormentionedinthisbook.Thispublicationisdesignedtoprovideaccurateandauthoritativeinformationinregardtothesubjectmattercovered.ItissoldontheunderstandingthatthePublisherisnotengagedinrenderingprofessionalservices.Ifprofessionaladviceorotherexpertassistanceisrequired,theservicesofacompetentprofessionalshouldbesought.OtherWileyEditorialOfficesJohnWiley&SonsInc.,111RiverStreet,Hoboken,NJ07030,USAJossey-Bass,989MarketStreet,SanFrancisco,CA94103-1741,USAWiley-VCHVerlagGmbH,Boschstr.12,D-69469Weinheim,GermanyJohnWiley&SonsAustraliaLtd,42McDougallStreet,Milton,Queensland4064,AustraliaJohnWiley&Sons（Asia）PteLtd,2ClementiLoop#02-01,JinXingDistripark,Singapore129809JohnWiley&SonsCanadaLtd,22WorcesterRoad,Etobicoke,Ontario,CanadaM9W1L1Wileyalsopublishesitsbooksinavarietyofelectronicformats.Somecontentthatappearsinprintmaynotbeavailableinelectronicbooks.LibraryofCongressCataloginginPublicationDataChen,ZhiNing.Broadbandplanarantennas:

designandapplications/ZhiNingChenandMichaelY.W.Chia.p.cm.Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.ISBN-13:

978-0-470-87174-4（cloth:

alk.paper）ISBN-10:

0-470-87174-1（cloth:

alk.paper）1.Antennas（Electronics）2.Microstripantennas.3.BroadbandcommunicationsystemsEquipmentandsupplies.I.Chia,MichaelY.W.II.Title.TK7871.6.C462005621.384?

135dc222005026868BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationDataAcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibraryISBN-13978-0-470-87174-4（HB）ISBN-100-470-87174-1（HB）Typesetin10/12ptTimesbyIntegraSoftwareServicesPvt.Ltd,Pondicherry,India.PrintedandboundinGreatBritainbyAntonyRoweLtd,Chippenham,Wiltshire.Thisbookisprintedonacid-freepaperresponsiblymanufacturedfromsustainableforestryinwhichatleasttwotreesareplantedforeachoneusedforpaperproduction.TomyfatherDrLiangChen,andmymotherMadamRuiZhiWang.AlsotomywifeLinLiu,aswellasmytwinsonsShiFengandShiYa,withspecialappreciation.ZhiNingChenTomywifeStella,andmychildrenJohnandGrace.MichaelY.W.ChiaContentsForewordixPrefacexiAcknowledgementsxiii1PlanarRadiators11.1Introduction11.2BandwidthDefinitions21.2.1ImpedanceBandwidth31.2.2PatternBandwidth31.2.3PolarizationorAxial-ratioBandwidth41.2.4Summary51.3PlanarAntennas51.3.1SuspendedPlateAntennas51.3.2BentPlateAntennas101.4OverviewofthisBook14References152BroadbandMicrostripPatchAntennas172.1Introduction172.2ImportantFeaturesofMicrostripPatchAntennas202.2.1PatchShapes202.2.2Substrates202.2.3FeedingStructures212.2.4Example:

RectangularMicrostripPatchAntennas232.3BroadbandTechniques312.3.1LoweringtheQ312.3.2UsinganImpedanceMatchingNetwork322.3.3CaseStudy:

MicrostripPatchAntennawithImpedanceMatchingStub342.3.4IntroducingMultipleResonances372.3.5CaseStudy:

MicrostripPatchAntennawithStackedElements39References43viiiCONTENTS3BroadbandSuspendedPlateAntennas473.1Introduction473.2TechniquestoBroadenImpedanceBandwidth493.2.1CapacitiveLoad493.2.2SlottedPlates513.2.3CaseStudy:

SPAwithan?

-shapedSlot523.2.4ElectromagneticCoupling563.2.5NonplanarPlates593.2.6VerticalFeedSheet623.3TechniquestoEnhanceRadiationPerformance653.3.1RadiationCharacteristicsofSPAs663.3.2SPAwithDualFeedProbes723.3.3CaseStudy:

Center-concavedSPAwithDualFeedProbes753.3.4SPAwithHalf-wavelengthProbe-fedStrip773.3.5SPAwithProbe-fedCenterSlot813.3.6CaseStudy:

Center-fedSPAwithDoubleL-shapedProbes923.3.7SPAwithSlotsandShortingStrips1003.4ArrayswithSuspendedPlateElements1113.4.1MutualCouplingbetweenTwoSuspendedPlateElements1123.4.2Reduced-sizeArrayaboveDouble-tieredGroundPlane117References1314PlanarInverted-L/FAntennas1354.1Introduction1354.2TheInverted-L/FAntenna1374.3BroadbandPlanarInverted-F/LAntenna1414.3.1PlanarInverted-FAntenna1414.3.2PlanarInverted-LAntenna1444.4CaseStudies1544.4.1HandsetAntennas1544.4.2LaptopComputerAntennas171References1745PlanarMonopoleAntennasandUltra-widebandApplications1795.1Introduction1795.2PlanarMonopoleAntenna1815.2.1PlanarBi-conicalStructure1815.2.2PlanarMonopoles1815.2.3RollMonopoles1835.2.4EMCFeedingMethods1925.3PlanarAntennasforUWBApplications1935.3.1Ultra-widebandTechnology1935.3.2ConsiderationsforUWBAntennasandSourcePulses1955.3.3PlanarUWBAntennaandAssessment2125.4CaseStudies2185.4.1PlanarUWBAntennaPrintedonaPCB2205.4.2PlanarUWBAntennaEmbeddedintoaLaptopComputer2275.4.3PlanarDirectionalUWBAntenna232References237Index241ForewordWiththerapidgrowthofwirelesscommunications,broadbandplanarantennasareinstrongdemandtocovervariousapplicationswithfewerantennas.ThisbookdescribesrecentadvancesinbroadbandplanarantennasforwirelessphonesandLANs.Inaddition,thebookhasauniquefeatureinthatitcoversthespecialdesignrequirementsforbroadbandplanarantennasinUWBradiosystems.Theauthors,DrZhiNingChenandDrMichaelY.W.Chia,havealotofcomputationalandexperimentalexperienceinthedesignoftheseantennas.DrChenstudiedbroadbandplanarantennasattheUniversityofTsukubafrom1997to1999asaJSPS（JapanSocietyforthePromotionofScience）FellowandstartedtoworkattheInstituteforInfocommResearchwithDrChiain1999.Sincethenwehavecollaboratedcloselyonbroadbandantennaresearch.In2003,DrChenobtainedaDoctorofEngineeringdegreeattheUniversityofTsukuba,thetitleofhisdissertationbeingBroadbandDesignofMonopolesinTwo-PlateWaveguidesandSuspendedPlateAntennas.Someofthecontentofhisdissertationisincludedinthisbook,andIamgreatlyhonoredandhappytowritethisforeword.Chapter1explainsthefundamentalantennaindicesandtheinherentrelationshipsbetweendifferenttypesofplanarantenna.Chapter2coversimportantfeaturesandbroadbandtechniquesformicrostrippatchantennas.Chapter3discussesbroadbandsuspendedplateantennasandarrays,whichhavebeenstudiedextensivelybytheauthors.Techniquesaredescribedtogetbroadbandimpedance,toenhanceradiationperformanceandtoimprovediversityperformance.Chapter4discussesbroadbandplanarinverted-L/Fantennasandtheirapplicationtohandsetsandlaptopcomputers.Chapter5coversplanarmonopoleantennasandtheirUWBapplications.AntennadesignconsiderationsforUWBradiosystemsarediscussedinthefrequencyandtimedomains.Ibelievethatthisisthefirstcomprehensivebookonplanarantennasthatshowsvariousbroadbandtechniquestodesigntheseantennasforpracticalapplications.Itiswellorganizedandhasplentifuldiagramswithnumericalandexperimentalresultstohelpunderstandtheconcepts.TherearemanyreferencesattheendofeachchaptertoassistwithfurtherxFOREWORDstudyofeachtopic.Ibelievethatthisbookwillbeofinterestandusefultoanyonewhoworksonplanarantennas,theirbroadbandtechniquesandtheirapplicationtoUWBradiosystems.ProfessorKazuhiroHirasawaGraduateSchoolofSystemsandInformationEngineeringUniversityofTsukubaJapanPrefaceWehavebeenfortunatetowitnessandbepartoftheadvancesincommunicationstechnologyoverthelasttwodecades.Inparticular,mobilecommunicationswhichhavedrasticallychangedthelifestylesofpeoplethroughthewidespreaduseofwirelesspersonalterminalsforbothvoiceanddataservices.Connectingpeopleanytimeandanywherehasbecomeareality,beittalkingtofriendsonamobilephonewhileonatrain,orchattingwithastrangerataninternetcaf.Asantennaengineers,weareabletocontributetothiswirelessrevolutionbydesigninghighperformanceantennasforfixedbase-stationsandmobileportableterminals.Thedemandsplacedonmobilecommunicationsystemshaveincreasedremarkably,soantennadesignersfacemanychallenges:

smallortinysize,low-orultra-low-profilefeatures,wide-orultra-wideoperatingbandwidth,multiplefunctions,purepolarization,lowcost,etc.Asaresult,antennaresearchanddevelopmenthasbecomeahottopicinbothacademiaandindustry,asdemonstratedbytheincreasingnumberofpublicationsandstart-upcompanies.Oneoftheauthors（ZhiNingChen）startedhisresearchintoantennasformobilecommunicationsystemsattheCentreforWirelessCommunication,Singapore,in1999,withparticularemphasisonbroadbandtechnology.Planarstructureswereselectedasthebroadbandsolutionbecauseofth