公共部门经济学双语教案Word下载.docx

公共部门经济学双语教案Word下载.docx

《公共部门经济学双语教案Word下载.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《公共部门经济学双语教案Word下载.docx（56页珍藏版）》请在冰点文库上搜索。

Chapter5

PublicChoiceandthePoliticalProcess

Aexerciseofspeech

Imitationofpresidentorfinanceminister

3

Chapter6

IntroductiontoGovernmentFinance

4

Chapter7

Taxation,Prices,Efficiency,andtheDistributionofIncome

Chapter8

BudgetBalanceandGovernmentDebt

Chapter9

TheTheoryofIncomeTaxation

Chapter10

FiscalFederalismandStateandLocalGovernment

合计

51

三、教材使用情况

《PublicFinance:

AContemporaryApplicationofTheorytoPolicy》（第八版），DavidN.Hyman著，北京大学出版社，2005年7月。

四、教学手段

主要采取讲授与案例教学，全部课程采用多媒体。

五、参考资料

1．《PublicFinance》（第七版），HarveyS.Rosen著，清华大学出版社，2005年8月。

2．《PublicFinanceinTheoryandPractice》，HolleyH.Ulbrich著，清华大学出版社，2004年3月。

六、教学内容安排

Chapter1IndividualsandGovernment

教学目标：

Afterstudyingthischapter,thestudentsshouldbeableto:

1.Useaproduction-possibilitycurvetoexplainthetrade-offbetweenprivategoodsandservicesandgovernmentgoodsandservices.

2.Describehowtheprovisionofgovernmentgoodsandservicesthroughpoliticalinstitutionsdiffersfrommarketprovisionofgoodsandservicesandhowgovernmentaffectsthecircularflowofincomeandexpenditureinamixedeconomy.

3.Discussthevariouscategoriesoffederal,state,andlocalgovernmentexpendituresintheUnitedStatesandthewaythoseexpendituresarefinanced.

内容提要：

Publicfinanceisthefieldofeconomicsthatstudiesgovernmentactivitiesandalternativemeansoffinancinggovernmentexpenditures.Modernpublicfinanceemphasizestherelationshipsbetweencitizensandgovernments.Governmentgoodsandservicesaresuppliedthroughpoliticalinstitutions,whichemployrulesandproceduresthathaveevolvedindifferentsocietiesforarrivingatcollectivechoices.Governmentgoodsandservicesareusuallymadeavailablewithoutchargefortheiruse,andtheyarefinancedbycompulsorypayments（mainlytaxes）leviedoncitizensandtheiractivities.Amajorgoalinthestudyofpublicfinanceistoanalyzetheeconomicroleofgovernmentandthecostsandbenefitsofallocatingresourcestogovernmentuseasopposedtoallowingprivateenterpriseandhouseholdstousethoseresources.

重点难点：

Theallocationofresourcesbetweengovernmentandprivateuse;

Thestructureofstateandlocalgovernmentexpenditure;

Marketfailureandthefunctionsofgovernment:

howmuchgovernmentisenough?

Governmenttransferpayments;

Nonmarketrationing.

有关提示：

这一部分是公共部门经济学的引言部分，应让学生明白公共部门和私人部门的区别，以及他们各自是如何配置资源的，另外也要熟悉美国政府支出的增长情况。

在这部分内容中主要应使学生对公共部门经济学有一个感性的认识。

课堂设计：

首先和学生讲明本章的教学目的和重点、难点。

结合教材相关内容提问学生如下问题：

1.Givefourexamplesofgovernmentgoodsorservicesanddiscusshowtheyaredistributedtocitizens.

2.Whatisthedifferencebetweengovernmentpurchasesandgovernmenttransferpayments?

讲稿内容：

1.Individuals,SocietyandGovernment

a.Publicfinanceisthefieldofeconomicsthatstudiesgovernmentactivitiesandthealternativemeansoffinancinggovernmentexpenditures.

b.Governmentsareorganizationsformedtoexerciseauthorityovertheactionsofpersonswholivetogetherinasocietyandtoprovideandfinanceessentialservices.

c.PoliticalInstitutionsarerulesandgenerallyacceptedproceduresthatevolvefordeterminingwhatgovernmentdoesandhowgovernmentoutlaysarefinanced

d.ExamplesofPoliticalInstitutions:

Majorityrule;

Representativegovernment

2.TheAllocationbetweenPrivateandGovernmentResources

a.Private:

Food;

Housing;

Cars;

Clothing

b.Government:

NationalDefense;

PublicSchools;

Police

c.AProduction-PossibilityFrontier

d.DistributionofGovernmentGoodsandServices

Nonmarketrationing:

Pricesandwillingnesstopaythosepricesarenotapplicabletogoodslikenationaldefense.

3.TheMixedEconomy:

MarketsandPolitics

a.PureMarketEconomy

Virtuallyallgoodsandservicesaresuppliedbyfor-profitprivatefirms.

Supplyanddemanddetermineprice.

b.MixedEconomy

Amixedeconomyisoneinwhichgovernmentsuppliesaconsiderableamountofgoodsandservicesandregulatesprivateeconomicactivity.

4.GovernmentExpendituresintheUnitedStates

a.Governmentpurchasesof

labor;

land;

capital

b.GovernmentTransferPayments

Welfare;

SocialSecurity

c.StructureofFederalGovernmentExpenditures

PurchasesofGoodsandServices;

TransferPayments;

GrantsinAidtoStateandLocalGovernments;

NetInterestPaid

d.TheStructureofStateandLocalGovernmentExpendituresintheUnitedStates

Education;

CivilianSafety;

Transportation;

Executive,Legislative,andJudicial;

IncomeSecurity;

HealthandHospitals;

RecreationalandCulturalActivities

5.FinancingGovernmentExpendituresintheUS

a.Taxes:

Income（CorporateandPersonal）;

Payroll;

Excise;

Customs

b.StateBudgetCrunchof2002

37stateswereforcedtoreducetheirbudgets.

Revenuesweretypically10%lessthananticipated.

Stateswiththemostseveredeficits:

AK,AZ,CA,NY,NC,OK,OR,VA,andWA

c.Causes

a）Cutsintaxesonbusinessandindividualsinthe1990s

b）Nosalestaxcollectionsonservices

c）GrowthincostsofMedicaid

d.ImplicationsofaGrayingAmerica

SocialSecurity

a）In2008baby-boomersstarttoretireandcollect

b）Theratioofworkerstoretireefalls

e.Medicare

Healthcareinflationissubstantiallyhigherthanoverallinflation

f.Medicaid

Increaseduseoflong-termcareforbaby-boomers

6.HowMuchGovernmentisEnough?

Thequestionofhowmuchgovernmentisenoughisanimportantoneinanysociety.Itisthetradeoffbetweenpublicandprivategoods.Whengovernmentgetsbigger,itsincreasedinvolvementcomesattheexpenseoflessprivateconsumption.

课后思考题：

1.Howdoesthemechanismfordistributingandrationingmostgovernmentservicesdifferfromthatfordistributinggoodsthroughmarkets?

2.Whatisaproduction-possibilitycurve?

Showhowsuchacurvecanbeusedtoexplainhowprivategoodsandservicesmustbesacrificedtoobtaingovernmentgoodsandservices.

3.DiscussthetrendsingovernmentexpendituresandoutlaysasapercentageofGDP.

Chapter2Efficiency,Markets,andGovernments

1.Discussthedifferencebetweenpositiveandnormativeeconomics.

2.Definetheefficiencycriterionandshowthemarginalconditionsforefficiencycanbeusedtoidentifytheefficientoutputofagoodsorservice.

3.Demonstratehowtaxesandsubsidiesaffectincentivesandhowtheycanpreventcompetitivemarketsfromachievingefficientoutcomes.

Resourcesareefficientlyallocatedwhenthewell-beingofanyonepersoncannotbeincreasedwithoutharminganother.Thisconditionisattainedwhenallgoodsareconsumedoveranyperioduptothepointatwhichthemarginalsocialbenefitofeachgoodequalsitsmarginalsocialcost.

Whenpricesincompetitivemarketsreflectmarginalsocialcostsandbenefits,marketexchangeachievesefficiency.Individualsopposingactionsthatimproveefficiencyactrationally.Theyaresimplybetterofwithalargershareofasmallerpie.Topredictoutcomesanypoliticalprocess,itisnecessarytoknowthebenefitsofanychangesproposed,towhomtheyaccrue,andwhatchangesinthedistributionofincomeresult.

Normativeevaluationofresourceuse:

theefficiencycriterion;

Markets,prices,andefficiencyconditions;

Marketfailure:

apreviewofthebasisforgovernmentactivity;

compensationcriteria;

Utility-possibilitycurve.

这一部分是公共部门经济学的基础理论部分，应着重培养学生对相关概念的辨别能力和记忆能力，要提示学生帕累托最优只存在于理论当中，在现实当中是很难达到的。

这部分应结合课件中的大量图示来给学生讲明本章中出现的大量重要概念和基本理论，以老师讲解为主。

1.Underwhatcircumstanceswillaresourceallocationbeefficient?

2.Whatarethemarginalconditionsforefficiency?

3.Describehowtaxescanaffectincentivesandcauselossesinnetbenefits.

1.PositiveandNormativeEconomics

a.PositiveEconomicsexplains“whatis,”withoutmakingjudgmentsabouttheappropriatenessof“whatis.”

b.NormativeEconomics:

designedtoformulaterecommendationsaboutwhat“shouldbe.”

2.NormativeEvaluationofResourceUse:

TheEfficiencyCriterion

a.ParetoOptimality

Theefficiencycriterionissatisfiedwhenresourcesareusedoveranygivenperiodoftimeinsuchawayastomakeitimpossibletoincreaseanyoneperson’swell-beingwithoutreducinganyotherperson’swell-being.

b.MarginalConditionsforEfficiency

TotalSocialBenefit;

TotalSocialCost

NetBenefit=TSB–TSC

MaximumNetBenefitoccurswhereMSB=MSC

3.ConditionsunderwhichtheMarketisParetoOptimal

a.Aperfectlycompetitivemarketsystemexistsif:

a）Allproductiveresourcesareprivatelyowned.

b）Alltransactionstakeplaceinmarkets,andineachseparatemarketmanycompetingsellersofferastandardizedproducttomanycompetingbuyers.

c）Economicpowerisdispersedinthesensethatnobuyersorsellersalonecaninfluenceprices.

d）Allrelevantinformationisfreelyavailabletobuyersandsellers.

e）Resourcesaremobileandmaybefreelyemployedinanyenterprise.

b.IfTheseConditionsareMet

P=MPB=MSBandP=MPC=MSC

SoP=MSB=MSC

c.WhenDoesMarketInteractionFailtoAchieveEfficiency?

Monopoly;

Taxes;

Subsidies

4.MarketFailure:

APreviewoftheBasisforGovernmentActivity

a.Governmentinterventionmaybewarrantedifamarketexhibits:

a）Monopolypowerbyonesupplier

b）Effectsofmarkettransactionsonthirdparties

c）LackofamarketforagoodwhereMSB>

MSC（i.e.apublicgood）

d）Incompleteinformationab