山东省青岛市高考英语 完形填空阅读理解训练题2文档格式.docx
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2.Thefemalemosquitoisavampireandlivesonblood.
三、利用同义词或近义词
为使自己的意思表达得更清楚,作者通常用其同义词或近义词来解释难词。
1.Motherwastall,fatandmiddle-aged.Theprincipaloftheschoolwasanoldwoman,almostasplumpasmother,andmuchshorter.
2.Allthemembersareofthesameopinions.Theyareunanimous.
四、运用定义或释义
阅读中会遇到一些不熟悉的术语。
为帮助读者理解,作者常用一个句子或一个段落来说明其内涵。
对术语下定义的句子往往出现在段首,也是主题句。
有时整个段落、甚至整篇文章都围绕这一定义展开。
因而,借助作者的定义或释义推断词义是最直接的办法。
1.Theenemysoldierssurrendered,thatis,threwtheirweaponsandwalkedoutwiththeirhandsabovetheirheads.
2.Thewordecologymeansthestudyoftherelationshipbetweenlivingthingsandtheirsurroundings.
用来表示定义或释义的提示语有:
mean,referto,bedefinedas,bedescribedas,beknownas,becalled,betermed,thatis,or,inotherwords等。
五、巧用构词法
阅读中可运用合成、转化、派生等构词法知识来猜测词义。
通过分析词缀及词根,不仅可猜测单词含义,还有利于扩大词汇量。
1.Theyoverestimatetheinterviewer’sabilityandaskedhimmanydifficultquestions.
2.Takeoutallremovablepartsandwashthemwithwarmwater.
掌握一些常见词缀及含义。
如:
形容词后缀有-ful,-less,-y,-ing,-able等;
名词后缀有-or,-er,-tion,-ist,-th,-ment,-age,-ness等;
构成反义词的前缀有un-,dis-.in-,im-,ir-,non-等。
有特定意义的词缀有re-(重新,再),co-(合作的),anti-(反对的),over-(过高的),micro-(微型的),fore-(超前的),inter-(国际的,相互的),pre-(先前的,提前的),super-(超级的),tele-(远)等。
六、巧借标点符号
有时为了让读者更清楚文中某个词或短语的含义,作者经常借助标点符号(如括号、破折号、冒号、逗号等)直接为生词提供定义或解释。
1.InRussiaifwegiveflowersasapresent,wehavetogiveanoddnumberofthem(one,three,five,etc)becauseevennumberofflowers(two,four,six,etc)areforfunerals.
2.Oneofthetouristshasjustbeenbluejacked—secretlysentatestmessageusingshort-rangewirelesstechnologycalledbluetooth.
七、妙用对比词
在文章中,作者有时会运用一些相互对应、互为反义的词语,使不同事物的特点更为突出。
我们可以通过上下文的逻辑关系,透过两种事物或现象的对比描述,从其中一个熟悉的词反推出生词词义。
1.Mostofusagreed,however,Billdissented.
2.Hervoicewasusuallysoftandsweet,butnowitishoarse.
表示对比、转折的标志词通常有yet,but,however,otherwise,despite,eventhough,unlike,instead,ratherthan,ontheotherhand,onthecontrary等。
八、找准信息词
通常情况下,某些单词或短语所引出的内容可起到解释说明的作用,能帮助我们理解生词的含义。
这样的信号词有:
forexample,forinstance,suchas,namely,and,like(像),especially,include,consistof等。
1.ManyUnitedNationsemployeesarepolyglots,Mrs.White,forexample,speaksfivelanguages.
2.But,ontheotherhand,wehavesuchcompoundwordsashandshakeandhandbag.
九、巧借经验和常识
在阅读理解中结合自己的经验和社会常识,往往也能有效地推断出生词的含义。
1.Whenyouhavetanksofaironyourback,youcanstayindeepwaterforalongtime.
2.Intheolddays,whengirlsfromrichfamiliesweremarriedtotheirhusbands,theyexpectedtobringwiththemalargequantityofdowry.
根据生活经验猜测词义时,要注意观察同一生词是否在文章中其他地方出现,把两处的语境进行比较,更容易准确地猜出词义。
十、巧用因果关系
不同的原因导致不同的结果;
反之,由结果也能够分析出原因。
我们可以巧用因果关系来推测词义。
1.SinceIcouldnotaffordtobuytheoriginalpainting,Iboughtareplica.Aninexperiencedeyecouldnottellthedifference.
2.Hewassoinfuriatedthathetorethelettersintopieces.
表示因果关系的标志词有because,so,thus,dueto,resultin/from,asaresult(of)等。
十一、活用语法知识
有些语法知识如定语从句和同位语等进一步说明的作用,可以帮助推断词义。
1.Hewasaprestidigitatorwhoamusedthechildrenbypullingrabbitsoutofhats,swallowingfire,andothersimilartricks.
2.Doyouhaveanyproofthatheisathief?
十二、注意指示代词和人称代词等
Therearepressingcallsontheresourcesofthegovernment.Usingtaxpayer’smoneytohelpasmallnumberofpeopletoearnhighincomesinthefutureisnotoneofthem.(2010北京)
一般说来it,they,this等指代的都是上文提到的人或事,但一定按句意判断是上文哪个词。
总之,我们要坚持“词不离句,句不离文”的原则,在上下文的紧密联系中猜测词义。
此外,还要训练带着问题,按意群、句子去阅读,不要把注意力集中在某个单词或短语上,这样既能加快阅读速度,又能把注意力集中在内容的理解上,从而养成良好的阅读习惯。
Plantscan’tcommunicatebymovingormakingsounds,asmostanimalsdo.Instead,plantsproducevolatilecompounds,chemicalsthateasilychangefromaliquidtoagas.Aflower’ssweetsmell,forexample,comesfromvolatilecompoundsthattheplantproducestoattractinsectssuchasbugsandbees.
Plantscanalsodetectvolatilecompoundsproducedbyotherplants.Atreeunderattackbyhungryinsects,forinstance,maygiveoffvolatilecompoundsthatletothertreesknowabouttheattack.Inresponse,theothertreesmaysendoffchemicalstokeepthebugsaway—orevenchemicalsthatattractthebugs’naturalenemies.
Nowscientistshavecreatedaquickwaytounderstandwhatplantsaresaying:
achemicalsensor(传感器)calledanelectronicnose.The“enose”cantellcompoundsthatcropplantsmakewhenthey’reattacked.Scientistssaytheenosecouldhelpquicklydetectwhetherplantsarebeingeatenbyinsects.Buttodaytheonlywaytodetectsuchinsectsistovisuallyinspectindividualplants.Thisisachallengingtaskformanagersofgreenhouses,enclosedgardensthatcanhousethousandsofplants.
Theresearchteamworkedwithanenosethatrecognizesvolatilecompounds.Insidethedevice,13sensorschemicallyreactwithvolatilecompounds.Basedontheseinteractions,theenosegivesoffelectronicsignalsthatthescientistsanalyzeusingcomputersoftware.
Totestthenose,theteampresenteditwithhealthyleavesfromcucumber,pepperandtomatoplants,allcommongreenhousecrops.Thenthescientistscollectedsamplesofairarounddamagedleavesfromeachtypeofcrop.Theseplantshadbeendamagedbyinsects,orbyscientistswhomadeholesintheleaveswithaholepunch(打孔器).
Theenose,itturnsout,couldidentifyhealthycucumber,pepperandtomatoplantsbasedonthevolatilecompoundstheyproduce.Itcouldalsoidentifytomatoleavesthathadbeendamaged.Butevenmoreimpressive,thedevicecouldtellwhichtypeofdamage—byinsectsorwithaholepunch—hadbeendonetothetomatoleaves.
Withsomefinetuning,adeviceliketheenosecouldonedaybeusedingreenhousestoquicklyspotharmfulbugs,theresearcherssay.Adevicelikethiscouldalsobeusedtoidentifyfruitsthatareperfectlyripeandreadytopickandeat,saysNataliaDudareva,abiochemistatPurdueUniversityinWestLafayette,Ind.whostudiessmellsofflowersandplants.Hopefully,scientistsbelieve,thedevicecouldbringlargebenefitstogreenhousemanagersinthenearfuture.
[语篇解读] 植物会说话吗?
植物如何“交流”?
本文中的科学家们正在尝试用enose来测试植物受到伤害时的反应。
1.Welearnfromthetextthatplantscommunicatewitheachotherby________.
A.makingsomesounds
B.wavingtheirleaves
C.producingsomechemicals
D.sendingoutelectronicsignals
[解析] 事实细节题。
从文章第一段中的“Instead,plantsproducevolatilecompounds,chemicalsthat...”可知,植物通过它本身所产生的一种化学物质来进行交流,所以答案选C。
[答案] C
2.Whatdidthescientistsdotofindoutiftheenoseworked?
A.Theypresenteditwithallcommoncrops.
B.Theyfixed13sensorsinsidethedevice.
C.Theycollecteddifferentdamagedleaves.
D.Theymadetestsondamagedandhealthyleaves.
[解析] 逻辑推理题。
从文章第五段可知,为了证实enose的效果,科学家用受到伤害的叶子与健康的叶子来测试。
所以选D。
[答案] D
3.Accordingtothewriter,themostamazingthingabouttheenoseisthatitcan________.
A.pickoutripefruits
B.spottheinsectsquickly
C.distinguishdifferentdamagestotheleaves
D.recognizeunhealthytomatoleaves
从倒数第二段中的“Butevenmoreimpressive,thedevicecouldtellwhichtypeofdamage...”可知,最令人惊奇的是enose能够分辨叶子受到的不同的“伤害”。
4.Wecaninferfromthelastparagraphthattheenose________.
A.isunabletotellthesmellofflowers
B.isnotyetusedingreenhouses
C.isdesignedbyscientistsatPurdue
D.ishelpfulinkillingharmfulinsects
从文章最后一段中的“couldonedaybeusedingreenhousesto...”推断可知,enose还没有运用到greenhouses中,由此推断B是答案。
[答案] B
***************************************************************结束
每日一句
Thoughheknewitwassuchanexcitingfootballmatchthathecouldn’tmissit,hefelttootiredtoinsistonwatchingit.
虽然他知道这是场不能错过的足球赛,但他太累了以至于无法坚持看下去。
基础词汇强化练习
1.DoAmericansneedv________tovisitCanada?
2.Experienceinarelatedfieldisa______________(要求)forthisjob.
3.Itake____________(安慰)fromthefactthathisfriendsaretheretohelphim.
4.Passengersmayb__________theshipat4:
00p.m.
5.Moneyisnos_____________forhappiness.
6.Britainisg___________byPrimeMinisterandtheCabinet.
7.Wasgoingtocollegeagoodp____________foryourcareer?
8.Thecountryisa____________innaturalresources.
9.Theteacherr_____________thestudentstoreadthefollowingbooks.
10.Thestudentsattendedahistoryl_______________today.
参考答案
1.visas
2.requirement
3.comfort4.board
5.substitute
6.governed7.preparation
8.abundant
9.recommended10.lecture
书面表达经典句式强化记忆
196.Ittakes/took/willtakesb.sometime/moneytodosth.
某人花/花了/将花多长时间/多少钱做某事.
IttookmeyearsofhardworktospeakgoodEnglish.
为了讲一口流利的英语,我花了多年时间刻苦操练.
197.Itwasn'
tuntil…that...直到……才…….
Itwasn'
tuntilyesterdaythatIgotyourletter.我直到昨天才收到你的来信.
198.Itwouldbewonderfulif...如果……那就太好了.
ItwouldbewonderfulifwecangettogetheronChristmas.
如果圣诞节我们能聚一聚那就太好了.
书面表达经典朗读素材
汇报学习成绩(AReportofResultsinStudies)
DearPaandMa,
TwomonthshavepassedquicklysinceIcamebacktoschool.Imissyouverymuch,andIhopetheletterwillgiveyoualittlepleasure.
DoyoustillrememberthatIwasratherpoorinmathsinGradeOne?
Youweresodisappointedthatyoualwaysblamedme.Nowwiththehelpofmyteachersandclassmates,andalsobecauseofmyhardworkinthesummerholidays,I'
vemaderapidprogress.A