高考英语一轮总复习第一部分教材知识梳理Unit3Underthesea练习新人教版选修.docx
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高考英语一轮总复习第一部分教材知识梳理Unit3Underthesea练习新人教版选修
2019-2020年高考英语一轮总复习第一部分教材知识梳理Unit3Underthesea练习新人教版选修
一、阅读理解（共8小题;每小题2分,满分16分）
A
Whereshouldanadventuroustouristgo?
Afteryou’vedonesightseeinginLondon,shoppinginNewYork,tastingthelocalfoodinParisanddancingtoyourheart’scontentattheBraziliancarnival,whereelsecanyougo?
Whatexotic（异国的）touristdestinationawaitsyou?
Well,Antarcticasoundsliketheholidayofalifetime!
It’sconsideredthelastgreatwildernessonEarth.Justafewscientistsinresearchstationssharetheicylandscapewithpenguinsandotheranimalswhichcancopewiththelowtemperatures.
TourismbeganinAntarcticainthe1950sandit’sstillsmallscale.About37,000touristsareexpectedtherethisseason,butmanywon’tevenleavetheboat.
TheBBC’sJulietRixvisitedthefrozencontinentandaskedherselfifsheshouldbethereatall,causingpotentialproblemstosuchasensitiveenvironment.Hertourguideadmittedthatallvisitorsleaveafootprintandtheyallgotothesameplaces,theaccessiblecoastline,whichisalsowherethepenguinsandsealsgotobreed.
Butsomepeoplebelievethatifcarefullycontrolled,tourismcanbegoodforAntarctica.Ithasnonativepopulationanditneedsadvocates.Visitorstotheicycontinentmightbereadytosupportandeventofunditspreservation.Andthey’relikelytoengageinthediscussionaboutglobalwarming,whichhasledtothemeltingofglaciers.
AccordingtoRix,guidelinesarefollowedwhenyou’reabouttosetfootinAntarcticaandtouristshavetodisinfect（消毒）theirbootstomakesurenoalienspeciesareintroduced.
Andonceonland,there’snoeatingorsmoking.Rocks,bonefragments—nothingshouldbetakenasasouvenirandnothingshouldbeleftbehind.TouristsfortunateenoughtovisittheAntarcticamustbeawarethatthisisnottheirhomeandkeeptheirfingerscrossedthatfuturegenerationswillalsobeabletoenjoysuchbreathtakingviews.
（2015·兰州模拟）
1.Accordingtothesecondparagraph,wecanlearnthat .
A.Antarcticahasbecomethebestplaceforpeopletotravel
B.onlyscientistscanbeallowedtogotoAntarctica
C.Antarcticaislessaffectedbyhumanactivities
D.noanimalscansurviveinAntarcticaexceptpenguins
2.JulietRix’stravelinAntarcticamentionedinthefourthparagraphindicatesthat .
A.governmentsshouldtakemeasurestostoptouristsfromgoingtoAntarctica
B.whethertouristsshouldgotoAntarcticaornotshouldbeconsideredcarefully
C.theanimals’habitatinAntarcticahasbeenseriouslyaffectedbytourism
D.onlyjournalistsbegintopayattentiontotheenvironmentalprotectioninAntarctica
3.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?
A.TouristscaneatandsmokeinAntarctica.
B.TouristscantakesomethingtheylikefromAntarctica.
C.Touristscanthrowawaysomethingtheydon’tneedinAntarctica.
D.TouristscanenjoythebeautifulsceneryinAntarctica.
4.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthispassage?
A.Whycan’ttouristsgotoAntarctica?
B.HowcantouristsgotoAntarctica?
C.ShouldtouristsgotoAntarctica?
D.AretouristsallowedtogotoAntarctica?
【文章大意】本文是议论文。
文章围绕是否应该去南极旅游这一话题进行了讨论,有的人认为赴南极旅游有助于提高人们对全球变暖问题的认识,有的人则认为南极旅游意义不大且会给南极环境带来负面影响。
1.C 推理判断题。
由第二段第二、三句“It’sconsideredthelastgreatwildernessonEarth.Justafewscientists...”和第三段第一句“...it’sstillsmallscale.”推断,南极洲为不毛之地、游客稀少,因而受人类活动的影响较小,故选C项。
2.B 推理判断题。
根据第四段第一句“...askedherselfifsheshouldbethereatall,causingpotentialproblemstosuchasensitiveenvironment.”可知,出于对环境的保护,人们是否应该去南极洲旅游,应该认真考虑一下。
3.D 推理判断题。
根据文章最后一句“...futuregenerationswillalsobeabletoenjoysuchbreathtakingviews.”可知,在南极洲可欣赏到令人激动的景色,D项与文意相符。
4.C 标题归纳题。
文章围绕应不应该去南极洲旅游这一话题进行讨论,C项最适合作标题。
B
Fishspeciesareexpectedtoshrinkinsizebyupto24%becauseofglobalwarming,sayscientists.
Thescientistsbelievethatglobalwarminghasagreateraffectonmarineecosystems（海洋生态系统）thanpreviouslythought.Previousresearchhassuggestedthatchangingoceantemperatureswouldaffectboththedistributionandthereproductiveabilitiesofmanyspeciesoffish.Thisnewworksuggeststhatfishsizewouldalsobeheavilyaffected.
Theresearchersbuiltamodeltoseehowfishwouldreacttolowerlevelsofoxygeninthewater.Theymodeledtheinfluenceofrisingtemperaturesonmorethan600speciesbetween2001and2050.Asoceantemperaturesincrease,sodothebodytemperaturesoffish.But,accordingtoDrWilliamCheung,fromtheUniversityofBritishColumbia,thelevelofoxygeninthewateristhekey.Warmerwaterscoulddecreaseoceanoxygenlevelsandsignificantlyreducefishbodyweight.Ontheotherhand,risingtemperaturesdirectlyincreasethemetabolicrate（新陈代谢率）ofthefish’sbodyfunction.Thisleadstoanincreaseinoxygendemandfornormalbodyactivities.Sothefishwillrunoutofoxygenforgrowthatasmallerbodysize.
Theresearchteamalsouseditsmodeltopredictfishmovementsasaresultofwarmingwaters.ThegroupbelievesthatmostfishpopulationswillmovetowardstheEarth’spolesatarateofupto36kmperdecade.
Takingboththemovementsandthephysiologicalaffectsofrisingtemperaturestogether,theresearchteamconcludedthatfishbodysizewouldshrinkbetween14%and24%,withthelargestdecreasesintheIndianandAtlanticoceans.
Whencomparedwithactualobservationsoffishsizes,themodelseemstounderestimatewhat’sactuallyhappeningintheseas.TheresearchersmadeactualstudiesonsomekindsoffisheslivingintheAtlanticOcean.Theyfoundthattherecordeddataonthesefishesshowedgreaterdecreasesinbodysizethanthemodelshadpredicted.
1.Whichofthefollowingcanbestfunctionasthetitleofthepassage?
A.Globalwarmingmayshrinkthefish
B.Globalwarmingcausesfishtomove
C.Oceantemperaturesaffectfishdistribution
D.Oceantemperaturesreducefishpopulation
2.Themostimportantfactorthataffectsfishsizeis .
A.metabolicrateofthefishbody
B.thelevelofoxygenintheoceanwater
C.thenormalactivitiesoffishbody
D.higherpressureintheoceanwater
3.Accordingtothegroup,in20years,mostfishpopulationswillmoveabout .
A.36kilometresB.70kilometres
C.48kilometresD.100kilometres
4.Theunderlinedword“underestimate”ismostclosestinmeaningto“ ”.
A.calculatethevalueof
B.haveconfidencein
C.makeahighassessmentof
D.makealowerjudgmentof
【文章大意】本文是科普说明文。
科学家通过实验预测,受全球气候变暖的影响,未来鱼类的体型将会缩小24%。
1.A 主旨大意题。
文章介绍了科学家对600种鱼类进行电脑仿真模拟实验的情况。
再结合第一段可明显看出答案为A项。
2.B 细节理解题。
由第三段第四句中“thelevelofoxygeninthewateristhekey”以及第三段最后一句可知,海水含氧量的高低是影响鱼类体型大小的关键因素,故选B项。
3.B 数字计算题。
由第四段中的“mostfishpopulationswillmovetowardstheEarth’spolesatarateofupto36kmperdecade.”可计算出答案为B项。
4.D 词义推测题。
文章最后一句表明,研究人员对大西洋中的鱼类体型进行研究记录的真实数据,比模拟实验预测的数据要小得多,可见模拟实验低估了鱼类真实的体型缩小程度。
据此推断,underestimate应为“低估”之意。
二、语法填空（共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分）
Asallamazinginformationresource,theInternet1. （consider）oneofthemostpowerfultoolsthroughouttheworld.Students,teachers,andresearchersuseitas2. investigativetool.Journalistsuseittofindinformationforstories.Doctorsuseittolearnmoreaboutunfamiliardiseasesandthe3. （late）medicaldevelopment.Ordinarypeopleuseitforshopping,banking,bill-paying,andcommunicatingwithfamilyandfriends.Peopleallovertheworlduseittoconnectwithindividuals4.
arefromdifferentcountriesandcultures.However,5.
therearemanypositivedevelopments6. （associate）withtheInternet,therearealsocertainfearsandconcerns.Oneconcernrelatestoalackofcontrolover7. appearsontheInternet.Withtelevisionandradiothereare8. （edit）tochecktheaccuracyorappropriatenessofthecontentofprograms,andwithtelevisiontherearerestrictionsonwhatkindsofprogramscan9. （broadcast）andatwhattimesoftheday.WiththeInternet,parentscannotcheckapublishedguidetodeterminewhatissuitable10. theirchildrentosee.
（2016·重庆南开中学月考）
1.isconsidered。
theInternet与consider之间为被动关系,且本文的主体时态为一般现在时,故填isconsidered。
2.an。
由上文中的“oneofthemostpowerfultools”可知,因特网只是众多调查工具中的一种,故此处用an表示泛指。
3.latest。
由the可知,此处应用最高级latest,意为“最新的,最近的”。
4.who/that。
定语从句的先行词为individuals,从句中缺少主语,应用who或that引导。
5.though/although/while。
虽然有很多与因特有关的积极的方面,但也有一些令人担心和忧虑的事情。
前后句之间为让步关系,应填though,although或while。
6.associated。
beassociatedwith“与……有关,与……有关系”。
此处用过去分词形式作后置定语,修饰developments。
7.what。
句意:
其中一种担忧就是缺乏对网络上出现的内容进行监管。
over后的宾语从句中缺少主语,只能用what。
8.editors。
thereare之后缺少主语,且are为复数形式,故填editors。
9.bebroadcast（ed）。
programs与broadcast构成被动关系,应用bebroadcast或bebroadcasted。
10.for。
句意:
针对因特网,家长却找不到已公布的相关的指南,以确定哪些内容适合他们的孩子阅读。
besuitablefor“对……合适”。
PartB
一、完形填空（共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分）
Sharkshavelivedintheoceansforover450millionyears,longbeforedinosaursappeared.Therearenowabout360 1 ofsharks,whosesize,behavior,andothercharacteristicsdifferwidely.
Everyyear,wecatchandkillover100millionsharks, 2 forfoodandfortheirfins.Driedsharkfinsareusedtomakesharkfinsoup,which 3 forasmuchas$50abowlinfineHongKong 4 .Othersharksarekilledforsportandoutoffear.Sharksarevulnerable（脆弱的）tooverfishingbecauseit 5 mostspecies10to15yearstobeginreproducingandthey 6 onlyafewyoungbabies.
7 bymoviesandpopularnovels,mostpeopleseesharksaspeople-eatinganimals.Thisisfarfromthe 8 .Everyyear,afewtypesofsharkinjureabout100peopleworldwideandkillabout25.Most 9 arebygreatwhitesharks,whichoftenfeedonsealionsandothermarinemammals.Theysometimesmistakehumanswimmersfortheirnormalfood, 10 iftheyarewearingblackwetsuits.Ifyouareatypicalocean-goer,your 11 ofbeingkilledbyanunprovoked（无缘无故的）attackbyasharkareabout1in100million.Youaremore 12 tobekilledbyapigthanasharkandthousandso
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