北京地区成人学士学位英语统一考试真题及答案.docx

北京地区成人学士学位英语统一考试真题及答案.docx

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北京地区成人本科学士学位英语统一考试

2010.11

PartIReadingComprehensionDirections:

Therearethreepassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandblackenthecorrespondingletterontheAnswersheet.

Archaeology,likemanyacademicwords,comesfromGreekandmeans,moreorless,"thestudyofoldthings".So,itisreallyapartofthestudyofhistory.However,mosthistoriansusepaperevidence,suchasletters,paintingsandphotographs,butarchaeologists（考古学家）learnfromtheobjectsleftbehindbythehumansoflongago.Normally,thesearethehardmaterialsthatdon'tbreakdownordisappearveryquickly--thingslikehumanbonesandobjectsmadefromstoneandmetal.

Itisveryunusualtofindanythingmorethanthehardevidenceofhistory-normally,thebacteria（细菌）intheaireatawayatsoftmaterials,likebodies,clothesandthingsmadeofwood.

Occasionally,thingsaredifferent.

In1984,twomenmadeanamazingdiscoverywhileworkinginabogcalledLindowMoss,inthenorthofEngland.Abogisaverywetareaofearth,withalotofplantsgrowinginit.Itcanbelikeaverybigandverythickvegetablesoup--walkinthewrongplaceandyoucansinkanddisappearforever.Themenwereworkingwhenoneofthemsawsomethingstickingout--ahumanfoot!

Naturally,themencalledthepolice,whothenfoundtherestofthebody.Wasitacaseofmurder?

Possibly--butitwasadeathnearlytwothousandyearsold.ThetwomenhadfoundabodyfromthetimeoftheRomaninvasionofBritain.Despitebeingsoold,thisbodyhadskin,muscles,hairandinternalorgans--thescientistswhoexaminedhimwereabletolookinsidetheman'sstomachandfindthefoodthathehadeatenforhislastmeal!

Whywasthismansowellpreserved?

（76）Itwasbecausehewasinaverywateryenvironment,safefromthebacteriathatneedoxygentolive.Also,thewaterinthebogwasveryacidic.Theacidpreservedtheman'sskininthewaythatanimalskinispreservedforleathercoatsandshoes.

Howdidhedie?

Understandably,archaeologistsandotherscientistswantedtoknowmoreaboutthepersonthattheycalled,"LindowMan".（77）Hishandsandfingernailssuggestedthathehadn'tdoneheavymanualworkinhislifehecouldhavebeenarichman.Theyfoundthathehadn'tdiedbyaccident.Thearchaeologistsbelievethathewassacrificedtothreedifferentgods.

第1题Whichlanguagedoestheword"archaeology"comefrom?

A.French.　　B.Greek.　　C.Roman.　　D.German.

答案：

B

第2题Theword"these"inthefirstparagraphrefersto_______.

A.letters　　B.photographs　　C.paintings　　D.objects

答案：

D

第3题Whichofthefollowinghelpedtopreserve"LindowMan"?

A.Iceandlowtemperature.　　B.Bacteriaandoxygen.　　C.Soilandenergy.　　D.Acidandwater.

答案：

D

第4题Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

A."LindowMan"wasnamedafterthepersonwhofirstfoundhim.

B.Historiansusuallyusepaperevidence,whilearchaeologistsusehardevidence.

C."LindowMan"wasfoundbytwoarchaeologistsinthesouthofEngland.

D."LindowMan"wasgoodatmanualwork.

答案：

B

第5题Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?

A.WhatIsArchaeology?

　　B.ArchaeologyandHistory

C.AnAmazingArchaeologicalDiscovery　　D.TheDeathof"LindowMan"

答案：

C

Thecityhasalwaysbeenanengineofintellectuallife,fromthe18th-centurycafesofLondon,wherecitizensgatheredtodiscusschemistryandpolitics,totheLeftBankbarsofmodemPads,wherePicassotalkedaboutmodemart.Withoutthemetropolis,wemightnothavehadthegreatartofShakespeare.

Andyet,citylifeisn'teasy.Nowscientistshavebeguntoexaminehowthecityaffectsthebrain,andtheresultsaredepressing.Justbeinginanurbanenvironment,theyhavefound,impairs（损害）ourbasicmentalprocesses.（78）Afterspendingafewminutesonacrowdedcitystreet,thebrainislessabletoholdthingsinmemory,andsuffersfromreducedself-control.Whileit'slongbeenrecognizedthatcitylifeisexhausting,thisnewresearchsuggeststhatcitiesactuallydullourthinking,sometimesdramaticallyso.

Oneofthemainforcesatworkisacompletelackofnature,whichissurprisinglybeneficialforthebrain.Studieshavedemonstrated,forinstance,thathospitalpatientsrecovermorequicklywhentheycanseetreesfromtheirwindows,andthatwomenlivinginpublichousingarebetterabletofocuswhentheirapartmentsoverlookalawn.Eventheseglimpsesofnatureimprovebrainperformance,itseems,becausetheyprovideamentalbreakfromtheurbanlife.

Thisresearcharrivesjustashumanscrossanimportantmilestone（里程碑）.Forthefirsttimeinhistory,themajorityofpeopleliveincities.Insteadofinhabitingwide-openspaces,we'recrowdedintoconcretejungles,surroundedbytrafficandmillionsofstrangers.Inrecentyears,it'sbecomeclearthatsuchunnaturalsurroundingshaveimportantimplicationsforourmentalandphysicalhealth,andcanpowerfullyalterhowwethink.

Thisresearchisalsoleadingsomescientiststodabble（涉足）inurbandesign,astheylookforwaystomakethecitylessdamagingtothebrain.（79）Thegoodnewsisthatevenslightalterations,suchasplantingmoretreesintheinnercityorcreatingurbanparkswithagreatervadetyofplants,cansignificantlyreducethenegativesideeffectsofcitylife.Themindneedsnature,andevenalittlebitcanbeabighelp.

第6题Whichofthefollowingisthemainideaofthispassage?

A.Thecityinspirestalentedpeople.　　B.Thecityhurtsyourbrain.

C.Thecityhasmanypleasuresandbenefits.　　D.Thecityseriouslyaffectsthenaturalbalance.

答案：

B

第7题Theword"metropolis"inthefirstparagraphisclosestinmeaningto_______.

A.citizen　　B.nature　　C.city　　D.stress

答案：

C

第8题Peoplehavejustcometorealizethat_______.

A.humanattentionisascarceresource　　B.citylifecanmakepeopleverytired

C.thecityisanengineofintellectuallife　　D.anurbanenvironmentisdamagingtothebrain

答案：

D

第9题Whatisthefactormentionedinthethirdparagraphthathelpsthehospitalpatientsrecovermorequickly?

A.Nature.　　B.Bettertreatment.　　C.Experienceddoctors.　　D.Goodmedicine.

答案：

A

第10题Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

A.Differentaspects（方面）ofanurbanenvironment,suchasthecrowdedstreets,canleadtoanincreaseinself-control.

B.Smallchangesinurbandesigncannotreducethenegativesideeffectsofcitylife.

C.Forthefirsttimeinhistory,theearth'spopulationismoreurbanthanrural.

D.Awalkdownabusycitystreetwillimprovebrainperformance.

答案：

C

Breastfeeding（母乳喂养）foramonthorlongerappearstoreduceawoman'sriskofgettingdiabetes（糖尿病laterinlife,accordingtoanewstudy.Thebreastfeedinganddiabeteslinkhasbeenreportedinotherstudies,accordingtoresearcherEleanorSchwarz.Yet,herstudymakesthemlinkeasiertobelieve.HerstudyispublishedinajournalofmedicineinAmerica.Sehwarzandhercolleagueslookedatdataaboutbreastfeedingpractices.Theyevaluateddataon2,233womemfromCalifornia.Ofthose,405werenotmothers,1,125weremotherswhobreastfedforatleastamonth,and703weremotherswhohadneverbreastfed.Theywere40to78yearsold.

AccordingtoSchwarz'sstudy,theriskofgettingadiagnosis（诊断）ofType2diabetesforwomenwhobreastfedalltheirchildrenforamonthorlongerwassimilartothatofwomenwhohadnotgivenbirth.Butmotherswhohadneverbreastfedwerenearlytwiceaslikelytodevelopdiabetesaswomenwhohadnevergivenbirth.Motherswhoneverbreastfedwereabout1.4timesaslikelytodevelopdiabetesaswomenwhobreastfedforonetothreemonths,Schwarzfound.

Whileonemonthofbreastfeedingappearstomakeadifference,Schwarzsays,evenlongerisbetter.（80）"Previousstudieshaveshownthelongerthemornbreastfeeds,themorebenefitforher

body."Manyexpertsrecommendbreastfeedingforsixmonthsandcontinuingforayear,shesays.

Thediabetes-breastfeedinglinkisprobablyexplainedbybellyfat.Mothers,whodon'tbreastfeed,astheygetolder,mayhavemorebellyfat,asbreastfeedinghelpsnewmotherstakeoff

weight."Bellyfatincreasestheriskofdiabetesasyougetolder,"shesays.

Thefindingisn'tsurprisingatall,saysKimberlyGregory.Sheoftengivesadvicetowomenwhogetdiabetes（occurringduringpregnancy（怀孕）thattheyareatriskforlatergettingType2diabetesandsuggeststheybreastfeed.ThenewfindingswillprobablyinspireGregorytoaddtotheadviceshegivesmoms-to-beaboutthebenefitsofbreastfeeding.Sheoftenfocusesonthebenefitstothebaby.

第11题Accordingtothefirstparagraph,whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

A.Abouttwothousandandtwohundredoldwomentookpartinthestudy.

B.EleanorSchwarz'sresearchprogramwasaboutmenandwomenwhosufferedfromdiabetes.

C.Overonefifthsofthewomennevergotmarried.

D.EleanorSchwarz'sresultsseemmorereliable.

答案：

D

第12题AccordingtoSchwarz'sfindings,whoaremorelikelytogetdiabeteslaterinlife?

A.Thosemotherswhohadneverbreastfed.　　B.Thosemotherswhonevergavebirth.

C.Thosemotherswhobreastfedforamonth.　　D.Thosemotherswhobreastfedforsixmonths.

答案：

A

第13题WhichofthefollowingstatementswouldSchwarzagreewith?

A.Breastfeedingisnotadvisablebecauseitisnotgoodforamorntokeepagoodshape.

B.Breastfeedingcangreatlyreduceamother'schancesofgettingallkindsofseriousdisease.

C.Breasffeedingforamonthishighlyrecommended:

thelonger,thebetter.

D.Breastfeedingforamonthorlongermakesbabiessmarter.

答案：

C

第14题Whatdoestheauthormeanby"moms-to-be"inthelastparagraph?

A.Womenwhoarepregnant