全新版大学英语综合教程4(第二版)课后全答案.doc
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Unit1
PartIIReadingtask
Comprehension
Possibleanswerstocontentquestions
1.Itreferstotheraw,bitter,bleakRussianwinter.
2.HeexpectedtheconquestofRussiainfiveweeks.
3.Insteadoffighting,theyretreatedeastward,burningtheircropsandhomesastheywent.TheylettheRussianwinterfightthewarforthemwhiletheybidedtheirtime.
4.NapoleondiscoveredthattheoccupationofthecitywasanemptyvictorybecausetheRussiansfledtheircapitalleavinghimalmostnothingatall.
5.TheysufferedheavylossesasaresultoftheextremecoldandtheRussians'hit-and-runattacks.
6.Napoleonabdicatedandwentintoexile.
7.HitlerbeganhisinvasionoftheSovietUniononJune22,1941withoutadeclarationofwar.Heexpectedthecampaigntolastnolongerthanthreemonthsbyusingtheso-called"lightningwar"tactics.
8.No,hewasn't.HeinstructedtheRussianpeopleto"scorchtheearth"infrontoftheGermaninvaders.
9.ThepeopleofLeningradrefusedtosurrenderandputupaheroic,stiffresistance.
10.Anearly,severe,coldwinter,toalargeextent,sloweddowntheGermanadvanceonMoscow.
11.ThelossofthebattleforStalingradturnedthetideagainstHitler.TheGermanvictorieswereover.
12.Theauthorconcludesthattheelementsofnaturemustbereckonedwithinanymilitarycampaign.
TextOrganization
1.
PartsParagraphsMainIdeas
PartOneParas1-2Introduction—BothNapoleon'sandHitler'smilitarycampaignsfailedbecauseoftheseverityoftheRussianwinter.
PartTwoParas3-11Napoleon'smilitarycampaignagainstRussia
PartThreeParas12-20Hitler'smilitarycampaignagainsttheSovietUnion.
PartFourPara21Conclusion—Theelementsofnaturemustbereckonedwithinanymilitarycampaign.
2.
SectionsParagraphsMainIdeas
SectionOneParas12-13Hitler'sblitzkriegagainstRussiaandStalin'sscorched-earthpolicy.
SectionTwoParas14-18ThebattlesfoughtatLeningrad,MoscowandStalingrad.
SectionThreeParas19-20TheRussiancounter-offensiveandtheoutcomeofthewar.
LanguageSenseEnhancement
1.
1）thefierceresistance2）thelongmarch
3）thedevastatingenemy4）bleak
5）launched6）militarymight
7）moweddown8）campaign
9）apainfullesson10）theaid
Vocabulary
I.
1.
1）alliance2）atthecostof
3）stroke4）limp
5）minus6）regions
7）declarations8）siege
9）raw10）bidehistime
11）havetakentheirtoll12）inthecaseof
2.
1）isfacedwith2）getboggeddown
3）ispressingon/pressedon4）dragon
5）getby6）dineout
7）havecutback8）getthrough
3.
1）Therapidadvanceingenetherapymayleadtotheconquestofcancerinthenearfuture.
2）Productioninmanyfactorieshasbeenbroughttoahaltbythedelayedarrivalofrawmaterialsduetothedockworkers'strike.
3）Sarahasmadeuphermindthatherleisureinterestswill/shouldnevergetinthewayofhercareer.
4）Obviouslythereporter'squestioncaughttheforeignministeroffguard.
5）Theintroductionoftheelectroniccalculatorhasrenderedtheslideruleoutofdate/obsolete.
4.
1）Beingfacedwithanenemyforcesmuchsuperiortoours,wehadtogiveuptheoccupationofbigcitiesandretreattotheruralandmountainousregionstobuildupourbase.
2）Unityiscrucialtotheefficientoperationofanorganization.Failuretoreckonwiththisproblemwillweakenitsstrength.Inmanycases,workmaybebroughttoahaltbyconstantinternalstruggleinanorganization.
3）TheRedArmyfoughtaheroicbattleatStalingradandwonthedecisivevictoryagainsttheGermans.Infact,thisbattleturnedthetideintheSecondWorldWar.Duringthisfamousbattle,theSoviettroopswithstoodtheGermansiegeandweakenedtheGermanarmybylaunchingaseriesofcounterattacks.
II.
1DuringtheFirstWorldWar,battlesoccurredhereandthereovervastareas.SomeofthemostdramaticfightingtookplaceinthegloomytrenchesofFranceandBelgium.
2Elizabethmadecarefulpreparationsfortheinterviewandherefforts/homeworkpaidoff.
3Ispenthourstryingtotalkhimintoacceptingthesettlement,butheturnedadeafeartoallmywords.
4Pneumoniahadseverelyweakenedherbody,andIwonderedhowherfragilebodycouldwithstandtheharshweather.
III.
1fallill
2laydeadathomefortwoweeks
3droppeddeadfromaheartattack
4fellasleep.
5marryingyoung
6tositstillforlongerthanafewminutes
ComprehensiveExercises
I.Cloze
1．
1）invasion2）standintheway
3）Conquest4）catching（Stalin）offhisguard
5）launching6）declaration
7）campaign8）dragon
9）reckonwith10）bringing（theGermanadvance）toahalt
2．
1）allow2）reckoned3）highly4）forecasts5）rapidly
6）instant7）delivery8）advantage9）observing10）powerful
II.Translation
1.
1）Mr.Dohertyandhisfamilyarecurrentlyengagedingettingtheautumnharvestinonthefarm.
2）Wemustnotunderestimatetheenemy.Theyareequippedwiththemostsophisticatedweapons.
3）Havingbeenoutofajob/Nothavinghadajobfor3months,Philisgettingincreasinglydesperate.
4）Sam,astheprojectmanager,isdecisive,efficient,andaccurateinhisjudgement.
5）Sincethechemicalplantwasidentifiedasthesourceofpollution,thevillageneighborhoodcommitteedecidedtocloseitdownatthecostof100jobs.
2.
Theoffensivehadalreadylastedthreedays,butwehadnotgainedmuchground.Thedivisioncommanderinstructedourbattaliontogetaroundtotherearoftheenemyatnightandlaunchasurpriseattack.Todoso,however,wehadtocrossmarshlandandmanyofuswereafraidwemightgetboggeddowninthemud.Ourbattalioncommanderdecidedtotakeagamble.Luckyenough,thankstotheseverelycoldweatherwhichmadethemarchlandfreezeover,wearrivedatourdestinationbeforedawnandbeganattackingtheenemyfromtherear.Thisturnedthetideofthebattle.Theenemy,caughtoffguard,soonsurrendered.
PartIIIHomeReadingTask
ComprehensionCheck
1.d2.d
3.b4.a
5.b6.d
Translation
1.6月5日被选定为进攻开始日，其用意是留下一个安全系数，以防万一进攻需要推迟。
2.然而，当年春夏之交大风暴异乎寻常地多，希望在这个时候天气会出现一个适合进攻的风平浪静的间隙，可能性微乎其微。
3.要是在原定地区登陆的话，德军海岸炮群无疑会拼命抵抗并给盟军造成惨重伤亡。
在新登陆区的登陆几乎没有遭到任何抵抗。
4.尽管困难重重，艾森豪威尔在与恶劣天气的赌博中赢得了胜利。
LanguagePractice
1.
1）d2）h3）b4）a5）f6）e7）c8）g
2.
1）boast2）obstacles
3）wasconcerned4）call（it）off
5）paidoff6）waspinneddown
7）contesting8）priorto
9）holdout10）objective
11）responsiblefor12）incase
PartIVComprehensiveLanguagePractice
Modelpaper
CanManTriumphoverNature?
Whenpeopletalkofmantriumphingovernature,manythingscometomind.Onethinksofsuccessesinmedicineinthefightagainstdisease,suchastheinventionofantibioticsandthepromiseheldoutbyadvancesinbiogeneticengineering.Onabroaderscale,onethinksofman'ssuccessinharnessingnewformsofenergyfromsteampowerthroughoiltonuclearpower.
Yet,naturehasoftenhitbackinunexpectedwaystotheseattemptstotameit.Newformsofdiseasethatareresistanttoantibioticsareconstantlydeveloping.Burningfossilfuelshasledtofearsofglobalwarming;whilenuclearpowerhasproduceddangerouswastethatwillremainahazardforgenerationstocome.
However,perhapstotalkofmantriumphingovernatureisthewrongwaytolookatthematter.Weneedtofindwaystoworkwithnatureratherthanforeverfightingagainstit.
（154words）
Unit2
PartIListeningTask
Scriptfortherecording:
We'regoingtoseemoreandmoreautomationastimegoeson.Makingacarthatgoesmorethan100km/hisn'tahugeengineeringproblem—buthumandriverscan'trespondfastenoughtomakethosespeedssafe.Personally,I'mallinfavoroflettingthecardriveitself.I'dmuchrathertrustmylifetotheeffortsofengineersandprogrammersthantheangry,sleepy,distracted,incompetent,drunkenpeoplewhoarebehindalotofwheelsnow.
It'softenbeensaidthatanyonecouldhavepredictedtheautomobile,butonlyascience-fictionwritercouldhavepredictedthetrafficjam.Well,hereIampredictingtheendoftrafficjams:
computer-controlledcarswon'tgetineachother'sway,andtheywon'tslowdownastheirdriversgazeataccidents—inpartbecausetherewillbemanyfeweraccidents,andinpartbecausethepassengersinthecarwillbeabletogetadecentlookwithoutthecargoingataslowerspeed.
Therereallyarealotofplusestotheself-drivingcar:
youcansleep,drink,read,watchTV,dowork—whateveryouwant—whilegettingsafelyandefficientlytoyourdestination.Formymoney,wecan'tmakethetransitionsoonenough."Roadrage"willbeathingofthepast;there'snoreasondrivingshouldbefrustrating,orwhycaraccidentsshouldbetheleadingcauseofdeathofmenundertheageof25.
Still,therewillbeadesiretogetoutontheopenhighwayandjustdrive—peopledoenjoythat,anditwon'tentirelydisappear.Butinthefuturewhenwetalkabouthybridcarswe'llmeancarsthatcanbebothself-drivenandcontrolledbyadriver;theterms"manual"and"automatic"won'trefertotransmissionsbutthetotalityofoperatingthevehicle.So,yeah,youcangetoutonthehighwaywhenthemoodstrikesyou—butmostoftheothervehicleswillstillbedrivingthemselves.
AfterListening
1.theeffortsofengineersandprogrammers
2.trafficjams
3.theleadingcauseofdeath
4.ahybrid
PartIIReadingtask
Comprehension
Possibleanswerstocontentquestions
1.Theautomobileindustryrankedasamongthemostlucrativeandpowerfulindustriesofthetwentiethcentury.
2.Carsandroadswillberevolutionizedinthetwenty-firstcentury.
3.Becauseitissensorsthatwillenablevehiclesandroadstobeabletosee,hear,feel,smel
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