虚拟语气讲义和练习.doc
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虚拟语气
一、考点聚焦
1、虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中
（1）表示与现在事实相反的假设，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用“过去式（be动词的过去式用were）”，而主句中的谓语动词用“would/should/could/might+动词原形”。
如：
IfIwereaboy,Iwouldjointhearmy.
Ifthehadtime,sheshouldgowithyou.
（2）表示与过去的事实相反，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时，主句中的谓语动词则用“would/should/might/could+have+过去分词”。
如：
Ifhehadtakenmyadvice,hewouldhavesucceededinthecompetition.
（3）表示与将来事实相反，条件状语从句中的谓语动词一般过去时或should（wereto）+动词原形，而主句中的谓语动词则用would/should/
couldmight+动词原形。
如；
Ifitweretoraintomorrow,thefootballmatchwouldbeputoff.
（4）当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作相应调整。
如：
Iftheyhadworkedhard,theywouldbeverytired.（从句说的是过去，主句指的是现在）
以下表格是虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中时，主句和从句谓语动词的形式：
条件状语从句
主句
与过去事实相反
had+过去分词
should/would/could/might+have+过去分词
与现在事实相反
一般过去时（be用were）
would/should/could/might+动词原形
与将来事实相反
一般过去时或should（wereto）+动词原形
Would/should/cold/might+动词原形
有时侯在使用时可省略if,句子则可换成下列形式，即“were/had/should+主语”。
如：
WereIaboy,Iwouldjointhearmy.
Hadhetakenmyadvice,hewouldhavesucceeded.
Wereitnotfortheexpense,IwouldgotoBritain.
2、虚拟语气用于名词性从句
（1）虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用。
①“wish+宾语从句”表示不能实现的愿望，译为“要是……就好了”等。
表示现在不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时；表示将来不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“would/could+动词原形”；表示过去不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“had+过去分词”或“could（should）+have+过去分词”。
如：
Iwishitwerespringalltheyearround.
IwishIhadknowntheanswer.
IwishIcouldflylikeabird.
②在表示建议、要求、命令等的动词suggest、advise、propose、demand、require、insistrequest、command、order等后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用should+动词原形或是动词原形。
如：
Shesuggestedwe（should）leavehereatonce.
Thedoctororderedsheshouldbeoperated.
（2）虚拟语气在同位语从句和表语从句中的运用。
作表示建议、要求、命令等的名词advise、idea、order、demand、plan、proposal、suggestion、request等的表语从句和同位语从句，从句中的谓语动词用“（should）+动词原形”。
如：
Hissuggestionthatwe（should）gotoShanghaiiswonderful.
Myideaisthatthey（should）pay100dollars.
（3）虚拟语气在主语从句中的运用。
在主语从句中，谓语动词的虚拟语气用“should+动词原形”的结构，表示惊奇、不相信、理应如此等。
如：
Itisnecessary（important,natural,strange,etc.）thatweshouldcleantheroomeveryday.
Itwasapity（ashame,nowonder,etc.）thatyoushouldbesocareless.
Itwillbedesired（suggested,decided,ordered,requested,proposed,etc.）thatsheshouldfinishherhomeworkthisafternoon.
注意：
这种从句表示的是事实。
如果说人对这种事实表现出惊奇的情感，就可用虚拟语气。
反之，如果不表示惊奇等情感，that从句也可用陈述句语气。
如：
Itispitythatyoucan’tswim.
3、虚拟语气在其他场合的运用
（1）虚拟语气在asif/asthough、evenif/eventhough等引导的表语从句或状语从句中，如果从句表示的动作发生在过去，用过去完成时；指现在状况，则用一般过去时；指将来状况则用过去将来时。
如：
Hediditasifhewereanexpert.
Evenifshewerehere,shecouldnotsolvetheproblem.
（2）虚拟语气用于定语从句中。
这种从句常用于句型“Itis（high）time（that）…”中，定语从句的谓语动词用一般过去时（be用were）或should+动词原形，意思是“（现在）该……”。
如：
It’stimethatIpickedupmydaughter.
It’shightimeweweregoing.
（3）虚拟语气用在ifonly引导的感叹句中。
如：
IfonlyIwereabird.
IfonlyIhadtakenhisadvice.
（4）虚拟语气在一些简单句中的运用。
①情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说话人谦虚、客气、有礼貌或语气委婉，常出现在日常会话中。
如：
Itwouldbebetterforyounottostayuptoolate.
Wouldyoubekindenoughtoclosethedoor?
②用于一些习惯表达法中。
如：
Wouldyoulikeacupoftea?
Iwouldrathernottellyou.
二、精典名题导解
选择填空
1.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit_______.
A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken
2.Ididn’tseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe___________,shewouldhavemetmybrother.
A.hascomeB.didcomeC.cameD.hadcome
3.—Ifhe___________,he________thatfood.
—Luckilyhewassenttothehospitalimmediately.（NMET93）
A.waswarned;wouldnottake
B.hadbeenwarned;wouldnothavetaken
C.wouldbewarned;hadnottaken
D.wouldhavebeenwarned;hadnottaken
高考虚拟语气真题：
1..Youdidn’tletmedrive.Ifwe_____inturn,you_____sotired.
A.drove…didn’tget B.drove…wouldn’tget
C.weredriving…wouldn’tget D.haddriven…wouldn’thavegot
2.YesterdayJanewalkedawayfromthediscussion.Otherwise,she_____somethingshewouldregretlater.
A.hadsaid B.said C.mightsay D.mighthavesaid
3.Hehesitatedforamomentbeforekickingtheball,otherwisehe_____agoal.
A.hadscored B.scored C.wouldscore D.wouldhavescored
4.Whatwouldhavehappened,_____asfarastheriverbank?
A.Bobhadwalkedfarther B.ifBobshouldwalkfarther
C.hadBobwalkedfarther D.ifBobwalkedfarther
5.ItishardformetoimaginewhatIwouldbedoingtodayifI_____inlove,attheageofseven,withtheMelindaCoxLibraryinmyhometown.
A.wouldn’thavefallen B.hadnotfallen
C.shouldfall D.weretofall
6.HowIwisheveryfamily_____alargehousewithabeautifulgarden!
A.has B.had C.willhave D.hadhad
虚拟语气课后练习
1．Ienjoyedthemovieverymuch．IwishIthebookfromwhichitwasmade．
A．havereadB．hadreadC．shouldhavereadD．amreading
2．Youarelate．Ifyouafewminutesearlier,youhim．
A．came；WouldmeetB．hadcome；Wouldhavemet
C．come；WillmeetD．hadcome；wouldmeet
3．Ican’tstandhim．Healwaystalksasthoughheeverything·
A．knewB．knowsC．hasknowD．hadknown
4．Hisdoctorsuggestedthatheshorttripabroad．
A．willtakeB．wouldtakeC．takeD．took
5．Wemighthavefailedifyouusahelpinghand．
A．havenotgivenB．wouldnotgiveC．hadnotgivenD．didnotgive
6．Thelawrequiresthateveryronehiscarcheckedatleastonceamonth．
A．hasB．haveC．hadD．willhave
7．Hewasbusyyesterday，otherwisehetothemeeting．
A．wouldcomeB．wouldhavebeenC．couldhavebeenD．wouldbe
8．Iftherewerenosubjunctivemood，Englishmucheasier．
A．willbeB．wouldhavebeenC．couldhavebeenD．wouldbe
9．thefog，weshouldhavereachedourschoo1．
A．BecauseofB．InspiteofC．IncaseofD．Butfor
10．—Whatwillyoudoduringwintervacation?
—Idon’tknow，butit’sabouttimesomething·
A．IdecidedB．I’lldecideC．I’ddecidedD．I’mdeciding
11．Hewasverybusyyesterday，otherwise，hetoyourbirthdayparty．
A．wouldcomeB．cameC．wouldhavecomeD．shouldcome
12．Thetwostrangerstalkedasiftheyfriendsforyears．
A．shouldbeB．hadbeenC．havebeenD．were
13．Look!
Whatyou’vedone!
Youhavebeenmorecareful．
A．shouldB．mayC．oughtD．would
14．Withoutelectricity，what?
A．willtheworldbelikeB．wouldtheworldbelike
C．theworldwillbelikeD．theWorldWouldbelike
15．Withyourability，yououtthepuzzlewithinafewminutes．
A．couldhaveworkedB．needhaveworked
B．C．oughthaveworkedD．musthaveworked
16．Mysuggestionisthatthesickboytohospitalassoonaspossible．
A．istakenB．mustbetakenC．betakenD．hastobetaken
17．Ifwehadnotmissedthebus，welunchathomenow．
A．wouldhavehadB．wouldhaveC．mustbehavingD．wouldbehaving
18．hereyesterday，hewouldattendthelecturewithustoday．
A．HadhebeenB．IfhewereC．WereheD．Shouldbehe
19．Histiredfacesuggestedthathereallytiredafterthe1ongwalk．
A．hadbeenB．wasC．beD．shouldbe
20．DoyoufeelthatItheprobleminadifferentwaytheotherday?
A．shouldcomeB．shouldhavesolvedC．havesolvedD．solved
21．0urchairmanhasn’tcomeyet．Ifheontime，wewouldhavetoputoffthemeeting．
A．shouldcomeB．wouldcomeC．shouldn’tcomeD．doesn’tcome
22．Heinsistedthathereallyverytriedandthathetohavearest．
A．was；beallowedB．was；mustbeallowed
C．shouldbe；mustbeallowedD．shouldbe；beallowed
23．Hedidhisbestineverything；hewouldnothavebeenwhathewas．
A．andB．butC．otherwiseD．butthat
24．IdoIcouldgiveyouahand．
A．hopeB．wishC．expectD．think
25．IWouldrathershetomorrowthantoday．
A．comeB．cameC．shouldD．hascome
26．Theguardatthegateinsistedthateverybodytherules．
A．obeysB．obeyC．willobeyD．Wouldobey
27．IherifIthoughtshewouldunderstand．
A．wouldtellB．willtellC．Wouldhaveto1dD．told
28．TheteacherrequiresRosebyheart15Englishwordseachday．
A．1earnB．tolearnC．mustlearnD．1earning
29．—Ifhe，hethatfood．
—Luckilyhewassenttothehospita1immediate1y．
A．Waswarmed；wouldnottakeB．hadbeenwarmed；wou1dnothavetaken
C．wouldbewarmed；hadnottakenD．wouldhavebeenwarmed；hadnottaken
30．Withoutelectricityhumanlifequitedifferenttoday．
A．isB．willbeC．wouldhavebeenD．Wouldbe
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