考研英语二真题及解析之欧阳物创编Word下载.docx

考研英语二真题及解析之欧阳物创编Word下载.docx

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Directions:

　　Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET.（10points）

　　Thinnerisn’talwaysbetter.Anumberofstudieshave__1___thatnormal-weightpeopleareinfactathigherriskofsomediseasescomparedtothosewhoareoverweight.Andtherearehealthconditionsforwhichbeingoverweightisactually___2___.Forexample,heavierwomenarelesslikelytodevelopcalciumdeficiencythanthinwomen.___3___amongtheelderly,beingsomewhatoverweightisoftenan___4___ofgoodhealth.

　　Ofevengreater___5___isthefactthatobesityturnsouttobeverydifficulttodefine.Itisoftendefined___6___bodymassindex,orBMI.BMI___7__bodymassdividedbythesquareofheight.AnadultwithaBMIof18to25isoftenconsideredtobenormalweight.Between25and30isoverweight.Andover30isconsideredobese.Obesity,___8___,canbedividedintomoderatelyobese,severelyobese,andveryseverelyobese.

　　Whilesuchnumericalstandardsseem9,theyarenot.Obesityisprobablylessamatterofweightthanbodyfat.SomepeoplewithahighBMIareinfactextremelyfit,10otherswithalowBMImaybeinpoor11.Forexample,manycollegiateandprofessionalfootballplayers12asobese,thoughtheirpercentagebodyfatislow.Conversely,someonewithasmallframemayhavehighbodyfatbuta13BMI.

Todaywehavea（an）_14_tolabelobesityasadisgrace.Theoverweightaresometimes_15_inthemediawiththeirfacescovered.Stereotypes_16_withobesityincludelaziness,lackofwillpower,andlowerprospectsforsuccess.Teachers,employers,andhealthprofessionalshavebeenshowntoharborbiasesagainsttheobese._17_veryyoungchildrentendtolookdownontheoverweight,andteasingaboutbodybuildhaslongbeenaprobleminschools.

Negativeattitudestowardobesity,_18_inhealthconcerns,havestimulatedanumberofanti-obesity_19_.Myownhospitalsystemhasbannedsugarydrinksfromitsfacilities.Manyemployershaveinstitutedweightlossandfitnessinitiatives.MichelleObamalaunchedahigh-visibilitycampaign_20_childhoodobesity,evenclaimingthatitrepresentsourgreatestnationalsecuritythreat.

　　1.[A]denied[B]concluded[C]doubled[D]ensured

　　2.[A]protective[B]dangerous[C]sufficient[D]troublesome

　　3.[A]Instead[B]However[C]Likewise[D]Therefore

　　4.[A]indicator[B]objective[C]origin[D]example

　　5.[A]impact[B]relevance[C]assistance[D]concern

　　6.[A]intermsof[B]incaseof[C]infavorof[D]inof

　　7.[A]measures[B]determines[C]equals[D]modifies

　　8.[A]inessence[B]incontrast[C]inturn[D]inpart

　　9.[A]complicated[B]conservative[C]variable[D]straightforward

　　10.[A]so[B]while[C]since[D]unless

　　11.[A]shape[B]spirit[C]balance[D]taste

　　12.[A]start[B]quality[C]retire[D]stay

　　13.[A]strange[B]changeable[C]normal[D]constant

　　14.[A]option[B]reason[C]opportunity[D]tendency

　　15.[A]employed[B]pictured[C]imitated[D]monitored

　　16.[A]computed[B]combined[C]settled[D]associated

　　17.[A]Even[B]Still[C]Yet[D]Only

　　18.[A]despised[B]corrected[C]ignored[D]grounded

　　19.[A]discussions[B]businesses[C]policies[D]studies

　　20.[A]for[B]against[C]with[D]without

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET.（40points）

Text1

Whatwouldyoudowith$590m?

ThisisnowaquestionforGloriaMackenzie,an84yearoldwidowwhorecentlyemergedfromhersmall,tinroofedhouseinFloridatocollectthebiggestundividedlotteryjackpotinhistory.Ifshehopeshernewfoundfortunewillyieldlastingfeelingsoffulfillment,shecoulddoworsethanreadHappyMoneybyElizabethDumnandMichaelNorton.

Thesetwoacademicsuseanarrayofbehavioralresearchtoshowthatthemostrewardingwaystospendmoneycanbecounterintuitive.Fantasiesofgreatwealthofteninvolvevisionsoffancycarsandextravaganthomes.Yetsatisfactionwiththesematerialpurchaseswearsofffairlyquickly.Whatwasonceexcitingandnewbecomesoldhat;

regretcreepsin.Itisfarbettertospendmoneyonexperiences,sayMs.DumnandMr.Norton,likeinterestingtrips,uniquemealsorevengoingtothecinema.Thesepurchasesoftenbecomemorevaluablewithtime—asstoriesormemories—particularlyiftheyinvolvefeelingmoreconnectedtoothers.

Thisslimvolumeispackedwithtipstohelpwageslavesaswellaslotterywinnersgetthemost“happinessbangforyourbuck.”Itseemsmostpeoplewouldbebetteroffiftheycouldshortentheircommutestowork,spendmoretimewithfriendsandfamilyandlessofitwatchingtelevision（somethingtheaverageAmericanspendsawhoppingtwomonthsayeardoing,andishardlyjollierforit）.Buyinggiftsorgivingtocharityisoftenmorepleasurablethanpurchasingthingsforoneself,andluxuriesaremostenjoyablewhentheyareconsumedsparingly.ThisisapparentlythereasonMacDonald'

srestrictstheavailabilityofitspopularMcRib—amarketingtrickthathasturnedtheporksandwichintoanobjectofobsession.

ReadersofHappyMoneyareclearlyaprivilegedlot,anxiousaboutfulfillment,nothunger.Moneymaynotquitebuyhappiness,butpeopleinwealthiercountriesaregenerallyhappierthanthoseinpoorones.Yetthelinkbetweenfeelinggoodandspendingmoneyonotherscanbeseenamongrichandpoorpeoplearoundtheworld,andscarcityenhancesthepleasureofmostthingsformostpeople.Noteveryonewillagreewiththeauthors’policyideas,whichrangefrommandatingmoreholidaytimetoreducingtaxincentivesforAmericanhomebuyers.Butmostpeoplewillcomeawayfromthisbookbelievingitwasmoneywellspent.

21.AccordingtoDumnandNorton,whichofthefollowingisthemostrewardingpurchase?

[A]Abighouse.[B]Aspecialtour.[C]Astylishcar.[D]Arichmeal.

22.Theauthor'

sattitudetowardAmericans’watchingTVis________.

[A]critical[B]supportive[C]sympathetic[D]ambiguous

23.McRibismentionedinParagraph3toshowthat________.

[A]consumersaresometimesirrational[B]popularityusuallycomesafterquality

[C]marketingtricksareaftereffective[D]raritygenerallyincreasespleasure

24.Accordingtothelastparagraph,HappyMoney________.

[A]hasleftmuchroomforreaders’criticism[B]mayprovetobeaworthwhilepurchase

[C]haspredictedawiderincomegapintheUS[D]maygiveitsreadersasenseofachievement

25.Thistextmainlydiscusseshowto________.

[A]balancefeelinggoodandspendingmoney[B]spendlargesumsofmoneywoninlotteries

[C]obtainlastingsatisfactionfrommoneyspent[D]becomemorereasonableinspendingonluxuries

Text2

AnarticleinScientificAmericahaspointedoutthatempiricalresearchsaysthat,actually,youthinkyou’remorebeautifulthanyouare.Wehaveadeepseatedneedtofeelgoodaboutourselvesandwenaturallyemployanumberofselfenhancingstrategiestoresearchintowhattheycallthe“aboveaverageeffect”,or“illusorysuperiority”,andshownthat,forexample,70%ofusrateourselvesasaboveaverageinleadership,93%indrivingand85%atgettingonwellwithothers—allobviouslystatisticalimpossibilities.

Werosetintourmemoriesandputourselvesintoselfaffirmingsituations.Webecomedefensivewhencriticized,andapplynegativestereotypestootherstoboostourownesteem,westalkaroundthinkingwe’rehotstuff.

PsychologistandbehavioralscientistNicholasEpleyoversawakeystudyingintoselfenhancementandattractiveness.Ratherthathavepeoplesimplyratetheirbeautycompresswithothers,heaskedthemtoidentifyanoriginalphotographofthemselves’fromalineupincludingversionsthathadbeenalteredtoappearmoreandlessattractive.Visualrecognition,readsthestudy,is“anautomaticpsychologicalprocessoccurringrapidlyandintuitivelywithlittleornoapparentconsciousdeliberation”.Ifthesubjectsquicklychoseafalselyflatteringimage—whichmustdid—theygenuinelybelieveditwasreallyhowtheylooked.

Epleyfoundnosignificantgenderdifferenceinresponses.Norwasthereanyevidencethat,thosewhoselfenhancethemust（thatis,theparticipantswhothoughtthemostpositivelydoctoredpicturewerereal）weredoingsotomakeupforprofoundinsecurities.Infactthosewhothoughtthattheimageshigheruptheattractivenessscalewererealdirectlycorrespondedwiththosewhoshowedothermakersforhavinghigherselfesteem.“Idon'

tthinkthefindingsthatwehavinghaveareanyevidenceofpersonaldelusion”,saysEpley.“It'

sareflectionsimplyofpeoplegenerallythinkingwellofthemselves’.Ifyouaredepressed,youwon'

tbeselfenhancing.

KnowingtheresultsofEpley'

sstudy,itmakessensethatwhypeopleheatphotographsofthemselvesviscerally—ononelevel,theydon'

tevenrecognizethepersoninthepictureasthemselves.Facebooktherefore,isaselfenhancer'

sparadise,wherepeoplecanshareonlythemostflatteringphotos,thecreamoftheirwit,style,beauty,intellectandlifestyles.“It'

snotthatpeople'

sprofilesaredishonest”,saysCatalinaTomaofWiscon—Madisonuniversity,”buttheyportrayanidealizedversionofthemselves.

26.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,socialpsychologistshavefoundthat________.

[A]ourselfratingsareunrealisticallyhigh[B]illusorysuperiorityisabaselesseffect

[C]ourneedforleadershipisunnatural[D]selfenhancingstrategiesareineffective

27.Visualrecognitionisbelievedtobepeople'

s________.

[A]rapidwatching[B]consciouschoice[C]intuitiveresponse[D