中国文化中英文对照Word格式文档下载.docx
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民间有"
好吃不过饺子"
的俗语。
中国人接亲待友。
逢年过节都有包饺子吃的习俗,寓意吉利。
对崇尚亲情的中国人来说,"
更岁交子"
吃饺子,更是欢度除夕、辞旧迎新必不可少的内容。
Dumplings
DumplingsareoneoftheChinesepeople'
sfavoritetraditionaldishes.AccordingtoanancientChineselegend,dumplingswerefirstmadebythemedicalsaint-ZhangZhongjing.Therearethreestepsinvolvedinmakingdumplings:
1)makedumplingwrappersoutofdumplingflour;
2)preparethedumplingstuffing;
3)makedumplingsandboilthem.Withthinandelasticdoughskin,freshenandtenderstuffing,delicioustaste,anduniqueshapes,dumplingsarewortheatinghundredsoftimes.There'
sanoldsayingthatclaims,"
Nothingcouldbemoredeliciousthandumplings."
DuringtheSpringFestivalandotherholidaysorwhentreatingrelativesandfriends,Chinesepeopleliketofollowtheauspiciouscustomofeatingdumplings.ToChinesepeoplewhoshowhighreverenceforfamilylove,havingdumplingsatthemomenttheoldyearisreplacedbythenewisanessentialpartofbiddingfarewelltotheoldandusheringintheNewYear.
针灸
针灸是中医学的重要组成部分。
按照中医的经络理论,针灸疗法主要是通过疏通经络、调和气血,来达到阴阳归于平衡,使脏腑趋于调和之目的。
其特点是"
内病外治"
。
主要疗法是用针刺入病人身体的一定穴位,或用艾火的温热刺激烧灼病人的穴位。
以达到刺激经络,治疗病痛的目的。
针灸以其独特的优势,流传至今病传播到了世界,与中餐、功夫、中药一起被海外赞誉为中国的"
新四大国粹"
Acupuncture
AcupunctureisanimportantpartoftraditionalChinesemedicine(TCM).Inaccordancewiththe"
mainandcollateralchannels"
theoryinTCM,thepurposeofacupunctureistodredgethechannelandregulateqiandblood,soastokeepthebody'
syinandyangbalancedandachievereconciliationbetweentheinternalorgans.ItfeaturesintraditionalChinesemedicinethat"
internaldiseasesaretobetreatedwithexternaltherapy"
/themaintherapyofacupunctureinvolvesusingneedlestopiercecertainacupointsofthepatient'
sbody,oradoptingmoxibustiontostimulatethepatient'
sacupointssoastostimulatethechannelsandrelievepain.Withitsuniqueadvantages,acupuncturehasbeenhandeddowngenerationaftergenerationandhasnowspreadallovertheworld.Nowadays,acupuncture,alongwithChinesefood,kungfu(otherwiseknownasChinesemartialarts),andtraditionalChinesemedicine,hasbeeninternationallyhailedasoneofthe"
fournewnationaltreasures"
.
中国汉字汉字是从原始人用以记事的简单图画,经过不断演变发展最终成为一种兼具音、形、意、韵的独特文字。
现存中国古代最早成熟的文字是甲骨文,被认为是现代汉字的初形。
此后,汉字又经历了金文、隶书、楷书、草书、行书等不同的阶段。
汉字结构"
内圆外方"
,源于古人"
天圆地方"
的观念。
汉字有五种基本笔画,即:
横、竖、撇、捺、折。
Chinesecharacters
Chinesecharacterswereinitiallymeanttobesimplepicturesusetohelppeoplerememberthings.Afteralongperiodofdevelopment,itfinallybecameauniquecharactersystemthatembodiesphoneticsound,image,idea,andrhymeatthesametime.Thewritingsystem,whichwasextremelyadvancedinancienttimes,beganwithinscriptionsonbonesandtortoiseshells,andtheseareregardedastheoriginalformsofChinesecharacters.Afterwards,Chinesecharacterswentthroughnumerouscalligraphicstyles:
bronzeinscriptions,officialscript,regularscript,cursivescript,runningscript,etc.Chinesecharactersareusuallyroundoutsideandsquareinside,whichisrootedinancientChinesebeliefsofanorbicularskyandarectangularEarth.ThefivebasicstrokesofChinesecharactersare"
一"
(thehorizontalstroke),"
丨"
(theverticalstroke),"
丿"
(theleft-fallingstroke),"
捺"
(theright-fallingstroke),and"
乙"
(theturningstroke).
中国筷子
中国人使用筷子就餐的方式在世界独树一帜。
有史记载用筷的历史已有三千多年。
筷子古时称为箸,它看似简单,但却同时具有夹、拨、挑、扒、拌、撮、戳、撕等多种功能。
中国民间视筷子为吉祥之物,如婚俗中将筷子隐喻为快生贵子的祝福等。
与使用刀叉以及手抓的方式不同,成双结对的筷子含有"
和为贵"
的意蕴。
西方人赞誉筷子是古老的东方文明。
Chinesechopsticks
TheChinesewayofeatingwithchopsticksisuniqueintheworld.Therecordedhistoryofchopsticksstartedmorethanthreethousandyearsago.ChopstickswerenamedzhuinancientChinese.Theylookdeceptivelysimpletouse,butpossessmulti-variousfunctions,suchasclamping,turningover,liftingup,raking,stirring,scooping,poking,tearing,andsoon.ChopsticksweretakenasanauspiciousmascotbyordinarypeopleinancientChina.Forexample,thepartialtoneofchopsticksisoftenusedbypeopleasametaphoratweddingstoindicateablessingorbenedictionforthecoupletohaveababysoon.Unlikeusingaknifeandforkorone'
sownhands,apairofchopsticksalsoimpliesthemeaningof"
Harmonyiswhatmatters"
.Chopsticksarehighlypraisedbywesternersasahallmarkofancientorientalcivilization.
中国印章
印章就是图章。
中国历代官、私所用的印章有印信、朱记、合同、符、契等等不同的称谓,而帝王所用的印章古时称玺、印、宝、章等。
据史料记载,印章在战国时代(前475-前221)已普遍使用。
印章的制作时将篆隶等字体、图像用阴、阳的形式雕刻而成,形状以圆、方为主。
印章用朱色钤章,除日常应用外,又多用于书画题识,逐渐成为中国特有的艺术形式之一。
Chineseseal
Asealcanalsobedefinedasastamp.BoththeChineseofficialandprivatesealofvariousdynastieshavedifferenttitles,suchasstamp,zhunot,contract,fu,leaseandothers.ThesealsusedbytheemperorsofancientChinawerecalledxi,yin,bao,etc..Accordingtohistoricalrecords,sealswerewidelyusedduringtheWarringStatesperiod(475BC---221BC).Themakingofasealistoengravefonts,suchassealcharactersandofficialscriptandsoon;
orimagesintheformofintaglioandembossmentintotheseal,basicallyshapedasroundorsquare.Coveredwithavermilionoverlay,theChinesesealisnotonlyusedindailylife,butitisalsousedtorepresentsignaturesonpaintingsandcalligraphies.ItisgraduallybecomingoneofChina'
suniqueartworks.
天干地支
天干地支是中国历法中用以记录和命名年岁的方法。
十天干为:
甲乙丙丁戊己庚辛壬癸;
十二天干为:
子丑寅卯辰巳午未申酉戌亥。
古人观测朔望月,发现月亮圆缺12次大体上是一年的天数,而两个朔望月约是60天。
古人以十天干与十二地支的顺序依次相配,记录不同年份,60年为一个轮回。
干支纪年法从古沿用至今。
按干支纪年法,2011年便是辛卯年。
Chineseera
TheChineseeraisthesymbolthattheChinesecalendarusesforrecordingandnamingyears.ThetenHeavenlyStemsare:
jia,yi,bing,ding,wu,ji,geng,xin,ren,gui.ThetwelveEarthlyBranchesare:
zi,chou,yin,mou,chen,si,wu,wei,shen,you,xu,hai.Afterobservingthelunarmonth,theancientsfoundthatthemoonalwayswaxesandwanesroughly12timesayear,andtwolunarmonthsaccountforabout60days.SotheorderofthetenHeavenlyStemsandtheorderofthetwelveEarthlyBranchesareproperlymatchedinturn.Intermsofrecordingdate,60yearsisconsideredtobeafulltimecycle.TheChineseearchronologywasfirstinventedinancienttimesandisstillinusenow.Accordingtothechronologyofthe"
tenHeavenlyStems"
2011istheyearof"
theseventhofthetenHeavenlyStems"
and"
thefifthofthetwelveEarthlyBranches"
.
相传为古代医圣张仲景发明。
1)擀皮、2)备焰、3)包馅水煮三个步骤。
其特点是皮薄馅嫩,味道鲜美,形状独特,百食不厌。
中国人接亲待友、逢年过节都有包铰子吃的习俗,寓意吉利。
对崇尚亲情的中国人来讲,"
sfavoritetraditionaldishes.AccordingtoanancientChineselegend,dumplingswerefirstmadebythemedicalsaint-ZhangZhongjing.Therearethreestepsinvolvedinmakingdumplings:
3)makedumplingsandboilthem.Withthinandelasticdoughskin,freshandtenderstuffing,delicioustaste,anduniqueshapes,dumplingsarewortheatinghundredsoftimes.There'
DuringtheSpringFestivalandotherholidays,orwhentreatingrelativesandfriends,ChinesepeopleLiketofollowtheauspiciouscustomofeatingdumplings.ToChinesepeoplewhoshowhighreverenceforfamilylove,havingdumplingsatthemomenttheoldyearisreplacedbythenewisanessentialpartofbiddingfarewelltotheoldandusheringintheNewYear.
中国功夫
中国功夫即中国武术,是将技击寓于搏斗和套路运动之中的中国传统体育项目,承载着丰富的中国民族传统文化。
其核心思想是儒家的中和养气之说,同时兼容了道家、释家的思想。
中国武术源远流长、流派林立、拳种繁多,讲究刚柔并济、内外兼修,蕴含着先哲们对生命和宇宙的参悟。
后世所称十八般武艺,主要指:
徒手拳艺,如太极拳、形意拳、八卦掌等;
器械功夫,如刀枪剑戟、斧钺钩叉等。
ChineseKungFu
ChineseKungfu,orChinesemartialarts,carriestraditionalChinesecultureinabundance.ItisatraditionalChinesesportwhichappliestheartofattackanddefenseincombatandthemotionsengagedwithaseriesofskillandtricks.ThecoreideaofChineseKungfuisderivedfromtheConfuciantheoryofboth"
themeanandharmony"
cultivatingqi"
(otherwiseknownasnourishingone'
sspirit).Meanwhile,italsoincludesthoughtsofTaoismandBuddhism.Chinesekungfuhasalonghistory,withmulti-varioussectsandmanydifferentboxingstyles,andemphasizescouplinghardnesswithsoftnessandinternalandexternaltraining.Itcontainstheancientgreatthinkers'
ponderingoflifeandtheuniverse.Theskillsinwieldingthe18kindsofweaponsnamedbythelatergenerationsmainlyinvolvetheskillsofbare-handedboxing,suchasshadowboxing(Taijiquan),formandwillboxing(Xingyiquan),eighttrigrampalm(Baguazhang),andtheskillsofkungfuweaponry,suchastheskillofusingswords,spears,two-edgedswordsandhalberds,axes,tomahawks,hooks,prongsandsoon.
剪纸(papercutting)是中国最为流行的传统民间艺术形式之一。
中国剪纸有一千五百多年的历史,在明朝和清朝时期(theMingandQingDynasties)特别流行。
人们常用剪纸美化居家环境。
特别是在春节和婚庆期间,剪纸被用来装饰门窗和房间,以增加喜庆的气氛。
剪纸最常用的颜色是红色,象征健康和兴旺。
中国剪纸在世界各地很受欢迎,经常被用作馈赠外国友人的礼物。
PapercuttingisoneofChina'
smostpopulartraditionalfolkarts.Chinesepapercuttinghasahistoryofmorethan1,500years.ItwaswidespreadparticularlyduringtheMingandQingDynasties.Peopleoftenbeautifytheirhomeswithpapercuttings.DuringtheSpringFestivalandwe