离心压缩机设计的研究进展与挑战资料下载.pdf

离心压缩机设计的研究进展与挑战资料下载.pdf

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DesignToolsCenComTechnologyChallenges（挑战挑战）CenComTechnologyChallenges（挑战挑战）ConcludingRemarks（结束语）（结束语）MechanicalEngineering2TurbomachineryLabCenComIntroductionCenComIntroductionThelastsixtyyearshasseenaveryhighnumberofexperimentalandtheoreticalstudiesofthecentrifugalimpellerflowphysics.gppyAsRobertDean,oneofthewellknownimpelleraerodynamist,stated在过去的60年里，开展了大量的关于离心叶轮流动机制的实验和理论研究。

“Thecentrifugalimpellerisprobablythemostcomplexfluidmachinebuiltbyman”.离心叶轮可能是人类制造的最为复杂的流体机器。

Despitethis,itisstillthewidestusedtubomachineryandcontinuestobeamajorresearchanddevelopmenttopic.尽管如此离心压缩机仍是应用最广泛的叶轮机械并持续成为个离心叶轮可能是人类制造的最为复杂的流体机器尽管如此，离心压缩机仍旧是应用最广泛的叶轮机械，并持续成为一个主要的研究和发展方向。

MechanicalEngineeringTurbomachineryLabCenComIntroductionContCentrifugalcompressorsarereliable,compact,androbust;

theyhavebetterresistancetoforeignobjectdamage;

andarelessaffectedbyperformancedegradationduetofoulingCenComIntroductionCont.degradationduetofouling.Theyarefoundinsmallgasturbineengines,turbochargers,andrefrigerationchillersandareusedextensivelyinthepetrochemicaland离心压缩机可靠、紧凑并且耐用，抵抗外物损坏能力强，性能受腐蚀的影响弱。

refrigerationchillersandareusedextensivelyinthepetrochemicalandprocessindustry.Centrifugalcompressorsarethekeytopartofoil,gasandpetrochemical应用于小型燃气轮机、涡轮增压器、制冷机组，同时也用于石油化工和过程工业。

Centrifugalcompressorsarethekeytopartofoil,gasandpetrochemicalindustriesaswellasgaspipelinetransports.Sincethecentrifugalcompressorfindsawidevarietyofapplication,with在石油、天然气和化学工业、气体管道输送领域，离心压缩机是一个关键部件。

gpypp,eachapplicationplacingitsowndemandsonthedesignofthecompressor.Giventhisspectrumofapplication,itisnotsurprisingthatthecentrifugal离心压缩机应用领域广泛，使得每个领域均有压缩机的设计需求。

compressorcontinuestocommandagreatdealofattention,bothfromcompressordesignersandfromthoseengagedinunderstandingtheunderlyingengineeringscience.MechanicalEngineering离心压缩机的广泛应用，使其受到设计者和研究者的广泛关注。

TurbomachineryLabCenComApplicationAreas_PressureRatio_CompressorIndustrialAerospaceResearchEfficiencyOperatingRange+veDisp.Upto307585%Centrifugal1.21.92.09.0137590%Large25%Axial1.051.31.11.52.58093%Narrow3-10%MechanicalEngineeringTurbomachineryLabCenComApplicationAreasCont.TypesofImpellersMechanicalEngineeringTurbomachineryLabCenComApplicationAreasCont.CenComApplicationAreasCont.HighPRAerospaceMechanicalEngineeringTurbomachineryLabCenComApplicationAreasCont.IndustrialCompressorsMechanicalEngineeringTurbomachineryLabCenComApplicationAreasCont.CenComApplicationAreasCont.IndustrialCompressors垂直剖分压缩机垂直剖分压缩机MechanicalEngineeringTurbomachineryLabCenComApplicationAreasCont.IndustrialCompressors管道压缩机MechanicalEngineeringTurbomachineryLabCenComApplicationAreasCont.IndustrialCompressors3-StageIntegrallyGearedCompressor3级整体齿轮箱压缩机MechanicalEngineeringTurbomachineryLab10StageIntegrallyGearedCompressorCenComApplicationAreasCont.IndustrialCompressors10-StageIntegrallyGearedCompressor10级整体齿轮箱压缩机MechanicalEngineeringTurbomachineryLabCenComApplicationAreasCont.TurbochargerCenComApplicationAreasCont.IndustrialCompressors涡轮增压器MechanicalEngineeringTurbomachineryLabCenComTechnologyAdvancementsgyEarlycentrifugalcompressordevelopmentwaslimitedbymanufacturingtechniques.Turningandthree-axismillingproducedfairlysimple,2-Dstylebladesthatweregoodforlowperformancecompressorsbutwereinadequateforhigh-flowand/orhighMachnumberstages.Butnowduetocomplete3-Dgeometrymodellinggoodsurfacefinishandfully早期，受到加工技术的限制，离心压缩机采用简单的二维叶片，性能普遍不高，且不适应于大流量或者高马赫数压缩机。

Butnowduetocomplete3-Dgeometrymodelling,goodsurfacefinishandfullyautomatedfive-axismilling,industrialcompressorsareapproachingtheefficiencylimitof92%polytropicefficiency（theredline）.三维造型、表面抛光和五轴加工技术使得工业压缩机的多变效率接近92%。

MechanicalEngineeringTurbomachineryLabCenComTechnologyAdvancementsCont.gyMostoftheefficiencygainareduetohighlyimproved1-D,2-Dand3-Dimpellerdesignsmadepossiblebyadvancedmanufacturing3-Daccurateimpellerdesignsmadepossiblebyadvancedmanufacturing,3Daccurategeometrymodellingandanalyticalflowanalysiscodes.通过先进加工、三维精确造型和流动分析技术，结合1D、2D和3D设计方法，离心叶轮能够获得较高的效率。

Inhigh-flowcoefficientimpellers,thelargeflowanglevariationattheimpellerinletrequirestheuseof3-Dblading.离心叶轮能够获得较高的效率。

在高流量系数叶轮中，叶轮进口流动角度变化大，要求使用三维叶片。

Thevariationisduetothechangeinperipheralandmeridionalvelocityattheimpellerinletresultingfromthechangeinradiusandlocalcurvature.流，流动度变，使叶轮进口半径和局部曲线使得周向和流向速度变化，进而造成流动角度不同。

Againdueto3-Daccurategeometrymodellingandanalyticalflowanalysiscodes,significantefficiencyandstabilitygainsweremadebothinvanlessandvaneddiffusers.利用三维精确几何造型和流动分析技术，带无叶和有叶扩压器的离心压缩机能够获得较高的效率和较好的稳定性。

MechanicalEngineeringTurbomachineryLabThestationarycomponents:

inletguidesreturnchannelsvolutesinletsCenComTechnologyAdvancementsCont.Thestationarycomponents:

inletguides,returnchannels,volutes,inlets,sidestreamsandcasingswerecastedleadingtocoreshifts,varyingvanethicknessesandroughsurfacefinishes,inturncausingincreasedlossesandgreateruncertaintyinperformancepredictionsByyear2000andgreateruncertaintyinperformancepredictions.Byyear2000,componentswere100%machinedcomparedtoearlyperiodwhennearly100%ofthecomponentswerecast.过去静止部件（进口导叶、回流器、蜗壳、机匣等）采用铸造的方法导致流动Similartotheflowanalysisgreatprogresswasmadeinrotor-dynamicanalysis.Todaynumerouscodesandtoolsareavailableforrotor过去，静止部件（进口导叶、回流器、蜗壳、机匣等）采用铸造的方法，导致流动损失大，在性能预测上的不确定性增强。

到2000年以后，开始采用加工的方式。

yydynamicsmodellingandanalysisbothfortheimpellerandshaft.转子动力学分析也得到了很大的发展，大量的程序和工具服务于叶轮和轴的转子动力学模型建立和分析。

Inthelastthreedecadesalsosimilaradvancesweremadeinsealsandhydrodynamicoilfilmbearings.在过去的30年里，密封和油膜轴承技术同样也到了一定的发展。

MechanicalEngineering在过去的30年里，密封和油膜轴承技术同样也到了定的发展。

TurbomachineryLabCenComBasicsCeCoascsTheCompressorStagehh1int001EulerhhCTintEulerisenEulerexthhhh01pCTEulerextLossesareclassifiedasithandthMechanicalEngineeringLossesareclassifiedasinthandexthTurbomachineryLabCenComBasicsCont.CeCoascsCotTheGoverningEquationsMechanicalEngineeringTurbomachineryLabCenComBasicsCont.T-SCharacteristics1intEulerhhPRintEulerhhMechanicalEngineeringint01EulerpPRCTisenEulerexthhTurbomachineryLabCenComBasicsCont.-LossesIncidenceLoss2uiWhfClearanceLossCeCoascsCotosses2incinchfBladeLoadingLoss2205hDU22112222222140.61cshcluursrrhCCCbbZrr2220.5bldfhDU2220.751EulerfhWUD1MixingLoss*2211kbCh1111222121fssssDWWddZWdd222111tan12wakemixwakebChDiscFrictionLossLeakageLossSkinFrictionLoss22bsffhydLhCWdDiscFrictionLoss23224dfdfrUhfmLeakageLoss22clcllkmUUhmhydRecirculationLoss5322810ih（35）hDUVanelessDiffuserLoss1133PPhCTMechanicalEngineering532222810sinh（3.5）rcfhxDU020302vldphCTPPTurbomachineryLabCenComBasicsCont.-PerformanceLinesofConstantEfficiencyDesiredExtensionofOperatingRangeLinesofConstantEfficiencyDesiredExtensionofOperatingRangeEfficiencyofOperatingRangeEfficiencyofOperatingRangeLinesofeRiseLinesofeRiseConstantRotationalSpeedLimitPressureConstantRotationalSpeedLimitPressureokeitSurgeLTotalokeitSurgeLTotalChoLimFlRtChoLimFlRtMechanicalEngineeringFlowRateFlowRateTurbomachineryLabCenComBasicsCont.-UnsteadyCharacteristicsMildSurgeDeepSurgeCeCoascsCotUsteadyCaactestcsgPressureRiseMeanOperatingPointLimitCyclePressureRiseMeanOperatingPointLimitCyclePressureRisePeakPerformancePressureRisePeakPerformanceFlowRateLimitCycleOscillationsFlowRateLimitCycleOscillationsFlowRateFlowRateFlowRatePeriodofDeepSurgeCycleFlowRatePeriodofDeepSurgeCycleFlowRatePeriodofMildSurgeCycleFlowRatePeriodofMildSurgeCycleTimeFlowReversalTimeFlowReversalTimeTimeMechanicalEngineeringTurbomachineryLabCenComBasicsCont.UnsteadyCharacteristicsUnsteadyCharacteristicsMechanicalEngineeringTurbomachineryLabCenComBasicsCont.-UnsteadyCharacteristicsCeCoascsCotUsteadyCaactestcsMechanicalEngineeringTurbomachineryLabCenComBasicsCont.-UnsteadyCharacteristicsCeCoascsCotUsteadyCaactestcsMechanicalEngineeringTurbomachineryLabCenComDesign叶轮设计从简单的程序开始比如1D和流线曲率法程序叶轮设计从简单的程序开始，比如1D和流线曲率法程序。

1D设计计算应用来自实验结果和文献中的经验公式，单机迭代即可快速完成。

1D程序输入数据包括：

级压比、进口总温和总压、工质物性参数、转速和流量。

程输级转流些变量以在后期改一些变量可以在后期更改。

MechanicalEngineering效率的初始值主要基于实验数据。

TurbomachineryLabCenComDesign-ContCenComDesign-Cont.一维程序计算结果包含几何尺寸和流动参数等，先进的一维程序同样能够预估非设计工况下压缩机的性能，喘振点和堵塞点，最终提供特性线图。

MechanicalEngineeringTurbomachineryLabCenComDesign-ContCenComDesign-Cont.MechanicalEngineeringTurbomachineryLabCenComDesign-ContCenComDesign-Cont.MechanicalEngineeringTurbomachineryLabCenComDesign-Cont.MechanicalEngineeringTurbomachineryLabCenComDesign-Cont.MechanicalEngineeringTurbomachineryLabCenComDesign-ContCenComDesign-Cont.MechanicalEngineeringTurbomachineryLabCenComDesign-Cont.MechanicalEngineeringTurbomachineryLabCCDiCtCenComDesign-Cont.MechanicalEngineeringTurbomachineryLabCenComDesign-Cont.“CompressorDesignusedtobeanart,donebyfewexperiencedengineers,butknowitisasciencedonebyallTurbomachineryEngineers”KLudtkeknowitisasciencedonebyallTurbomachineryEngineers.K.LudtkeImpellersDesignedbyMEMSUSeniorsMechanicalEngineeringTurboma