研究生英语真题.docx

研究生英语真题.docx

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研究生英语真题

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以下选项标红加粗为正确答案）

SectionIUseofEnglish 

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.（10points）

Happypeopleworkdifferently.They’remoreproductive,morecreative,andwillingtotakegreaterrisks.Andnewresearchsuggeststhathappinessmightinfluence1firmswork,too.

Companieslocatedinplacewithhappierpeopleinvestmore,accordingtoarecentresearchpaper.2,firmsinhappyplacesspendmoreonR&D（researchanddevelopment）.That’sbecausehappinessislinkedtothekindoflonger-termthinking3formakinginvestmentforthefuture.

Theresearcherswantedtoknowifthe4andinclinationforrisk-takingthatcomewithhappinesswould5thewaycompaniesinvested.SotheycomparedU.S.cities’averagehappiness6byGalluppollingwiththeinvestmentactivityofpubliclytradedfirmsinthoseareas.

7enough,firms’investmentandR&Dintensitywerecorrelatedwiththehappinessoftheareainwhichtheywere8.Butitisreallyhappinessthat’slinkedtoinvestment,orcouldsomethingelseabouthappiercities9whyfirmstherespendmoreonR&D?

Tofindout,theresearchescontrolledforvarious10thatmightmakefirmsmorelikelytoinvestlikesize,industry,andsales-and-andforindicatorsthataplacewas11tolivein,likegrowthinwagesorpopulation.Theylinkbetweenhappinessandinvestmentgenerally12evenafteraccountingforthesethings.

Thecorrelationbetweenhappinessandinvestmentwasparticularlystrongforyoungerfirms,whichtheauthors13to“lessconfineddecisionmakingprocess”andthepossiblepresenceofyoungerandless14managerswhoaremorelikelytobeinfluencedbysentiment.’’Therelationshipwas15strongerinplaceswherehappinesswasspreadmore16.Firmsseemtoinvestmoreinplaces.

17thisdoesn’tprovethathappinesscausesfirmstoinvestmoreortotakealonger-termview,theauthorsbelieveitatleast18atthatpossibility.It’snothardtoimaginethatlocalcultureandsentimentwouldhelp19howexecutivesthinkaboutthefuture.Itsurelyseemsplausiblethathappypeoplewouldbemoreforward–thinkingandcreativeand20R&Dmorethantheaverage,”saidoneresearcher.

1.[A]why              [B]where               [C]how                 [D]when

2.[A]Inreturn        [B]Inparticular       [C]Incontrast        [D]Inconclusion

3.[A]sufficient       [B]famous              [C]perfect             [D]necessary

4.[A]individualism    [B]modernism           [C]optimism            [D]realism

5.[A]echo             [B]miss                [C]spoil               [D]change

6.[A]imagined         [B]measured            [C]invented            [D]assumed

7.[A]sure             [B]odd                 [C]unfortunate         [D]often

8.[A]advertised       [B]divided             [C]overtaxed           [D]headquartered

9.[A]explain          [B]overstate           [C]summarize           [D]emphasize

10.[A]stages          [B]factors             [C]levels              [D]methods

11.[A]desirable       [B]sociable            [C]reputable           [D]reliable

12.[A]resumed         [B]held                [C]emerged             [D]broke

13.[A]attribute       [B]assign              [C]transfer            [D]compare

14.[A]serious         [B]civilized           [C]ambitious           [D]experienced

15.[A]thus            [B]instead             [C]also                [D]never

16.[A]rapidly         [B]regularly           [C]directly            [D]equally

17.[A]After           [B]Until               [C]While               [D]Since

18.[A]arrives         [B]jumps               [C]hints               [D]strikes

19.[A]shape           [B]rediscover          [C]simplify            [D]share

20.[A]prayfor        [B]leantowards        [C]giveaway           [D]sendact  

SectionIIReadingComprehension 

PartA 

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.（40points）

Text1 

It’struethathigh-schoolcodingclassesaren’tessentialforlearningcomputerscienceincollege.Studentswithoutexperiencecancatchupafterafewintroductorycourses,saidTomCortina,theassistantdeanatCarnegieMellon’sSchoolofComputerScience.

However,Cortinasaid,earlyexposureisbeneficial.Whenyoungerkidslearncomputerscience,theylearnthatit’snotjustaconfusing,endlessstringoflettersandnumbers–butatooltobuildapps,orcreateartwork,ortesthypotheses.It’snotashardforthemtotransformtheirthoughtprocessesasitisforolderstudents.Breakingdownproblemsintobite-sizedchunksandusingcodetosolvethembecomesnormal.Givingmorechildrenthistrainingcouldincreasethenumberofpeopleinterestedinthefieldandhelpfillthejobsgap,Cortinasaid.

Studentsalsobenefitfromlearningsomethingaboutcodingbeforetheygettocollege,whereintroductorycomputer-scienceclassesarepackedtothebrim,whichcandrivetheless-experiencedor-determinedstudentsaway.

TheFlatironSchool,wherepeoplepaytolearnprogramming,startedasoneofthemanycodingbootcampsthat’sbecomepopularforadultslookingforacareerchange.Thehigh-schoolersgetthesamecurriculum,but“wetrytogearlessonstowardthingsthey’reinterestedin,”saidVictoriaFriedman,aninstructor.Forinstance,oneoftheappsthestudentsaredevelopingsuggestsmoviesbasedonyourmood.

ThestudentsintheFlatironclassprobablywon’tdropoutofhighschoolandbuildthenextFacebook.Programminglanguageshaveaquickturnover,sothe“RubyonRails”languagetheylearnedmaynotevenberelevantbythetimetheyenterthejobmarket.Buttheskillstheylearn–howtothinklogicallythroughaproblemandorganizetheresults–applytoanycodinglanguage,saidDeborahSeehorn,aneducationconsultantforthestateofNorthCarolina.

Indeed,theFlatironstudentsmightnotgointoITatall.Butcreatingafuturearmyofcodersisnotthesolepurposeoftheclasses.Thesekidsaregoingtobesurroundedbycomputers-intheirpockets,intheiroffices,intheirhomes–fortherestoftheirlives,Theyoungertheylearnhowcomputersthink,howtocoaxthemachineintoproducingwhattheywant–theearliertheylearnthattheyhavethepowertodothat–thebetter.

21.Cortinaholdsthatearlyexposuretocomputersciencemakesiteasierto_______

A.completefuturejobtraining

B.remodelthewayofthinking

C.formulatelogicalhypotheses

D.perfectartworkproduction

22.Indeliveringlessonsforhigh-schoolers,Flatironhasconsideredtheir________

A.experience

B.interest

C.careerprospects

D.academicbackgrounds

23.DeborahSeehornbelievesthattheskillslearnedatFlatironwill________

A.helpstudentslearnothercomputerlanguages

B.havetobeupgradedwhennewtechnologiescome

C.needimprovingwhenstudentslookforjobs

D.enablestudentstomakebigquickmoney

24.Accordingtothelastparagraph,Flatironstudentsareexpectedto______

A.bringforthinnovativecomputertechnologies

B.staylongerintheinformationtechnologyindustry

C.becomebetterpreparedforthedigitalizedworld

D.competewithafuturearmyofprogrammers

25.Theword“coax”（Line4,Para.6）isclosestinmeaningto________

A.persuade

B.frighten

C.misguide

D.challenge 

Text2 

Biologistsestimatethatasmanyas2millionlesserprairiechickens---akindofbirdlivingonstretchinggrasslands—oncelentredtotheoftengreylandscapeofthemidwesternandsouthwesternUnitedStates.Butjustsome22,000birdsremaintoday,occupyingabout16%ofthespecies'historicrange.

ThecrashwasamajorreasontheU.S.FishandWildlifeService（USFWS）decidedtoformallylistthebirdasthreatened.“Thelesserprairiechickenisinadesperatesituation,”saidUSFWSDirectorDanielAshe.Someenvironmentalists,however,weredisappointed.Theyhadpushedtheagencytodesignatethebirdas“endangered,”astatusthatgivesfederalofficialsgreaterregulatorypowertocrackdownonthreats.ButAsheandothersarguedthatthe”threatened”taggavethefederalgovernmentflexibilitytotryoutnew,potentiallylessconfrontationalconservationsapproaches.Inparticular,theycalledforforgingclosercollaborationswithwesternstategovernments,whichareoftenuneasywithfederalaction.andwiththeprivatelandownerswhocontrolanestimated95%oftheprairiechicken'shabitat.

Undertheplan,forexample,theagencysaiditwouldnotprosecutelandownerorbusinessesthatunintentionallykill,harm,ordisturbthebird,aslongastheyhadsignedarange—widemanagementplantorestoreprairiechickenhabitat.NegotiatedbyUSFWSandthestates,theplanrequiresindividualsandbusinessesthatdamagehabitataspartoftheiroperationstopayintoafundtoreplaceeveryacredestroyedwith2newacresofsuitablehabitat.Thefundwillalsobeusedtocompensatelandownerswhosetasidehabitat,USFWSalsosetaninterimgoalofrestoringprairiechickenpopulationstoanannualaverageof67,000birdsoverthenext10years.AnditgivestheWesternAssociationofFishandWildlifeAgencies（WAFWA）,acoalitionofstateagencies,thejobofmonitoringprogress.Overall,theideaistolet“states”remaininthedriver'sseatformanagingthespecies,”Ashesaid.

Noteveryonebuysthewin-winrhetoric.SomeCongressmembersaretryingtoblocktheplan,andatleastadozenindustrygroups,fourstates,andthreeenvironmentalgroupsarechallengingitinfederalcourt.Notsurprisingly,doesn’tgofarenough.“Thefederalgovernmentisgivingresponsibilityformanagingthebirdto