考研英语一试题及参考答案word完整版.docx

考研英语一试题及参考答案word完整版.docx

《考研英语一试题及参考答案word完整版.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《考研英语一试题及参考答案word完整版.docx（18页珍藏版）》请在冰点文库上搜索。

考研英语一试题及参考答案word完整版

2013年考研英语

（一）试题及参考答案（文都word完整版）

SectionI UseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.（10points）

Peopleare,onthewhole,pooratconsideringbackgroundinformationwhenmakingindividualdecisions.Atfirstglancethismightseemlikeastrengththat 1  theabilitytomakejudgmentswhichareunbiasedby 2  factors.ButDr.UriSimonsohnspeculatedthataninabilitytoconsiderthebig 3   wasleadingdecision-makerstobebiasedbythedailysamplesofinformationtheywereworkingwith.   4  ,hetheorisedthatajudge 5  ofappearingtoosoft 6  crimemightbemorelikelytosendsomeonetoprison 7  hehadalreadysentencedfiveorsixotherdefendantsonlytoforcedcommunityserviceonthatday.

To 8  thisidea,heturnedtotheuniversity-admissionsprocess.Intheory,the  9  ofanapplicantshouldnotdependonthefewothers 10 randomlyforinterviewduringthesameday,butDr.Simonsohnsuspectedthetruthwas 11  .

Hestudiedtheresultsof9,323MBAinterviews 12  by31admissionsofficers.Theinterviewershad 13  applicantsonascaleofonetofive.Thisscale 14  numerousfactorsintoconsideration.Thescoreswere 15 usedinconjunctionwithanapplicant’sscoreontheGraduateManagementAdmissionTest,orGMAT,astandardizedexamwhichis 16  outof800points,tomakeadecisiononwhethertoaccepthimorher.

Dr.Simonsohnfoundifthescoreofthepreviouscandidateinadailyseriesofintervieweeswas0.75pointsormorehigherthanthatoftheone 17  that,thenthescoreforthenextapplicantwould 18  byanaverageof0.075points.Thismightsoundsmall,butto 19  theeffectsofsuchadecreaseacandidatecouldneed30moreGMATpointsthanwouldotherwisehavebeen 20  .

1.[A]grants   [B]submits  [C]transmits   [D]delivers 

2.[A]minor   [B]objective [C]crucial    [D]external

3.[A]issue   [B]vision   [C]picture    [D]external 

4.[A]Forexample   [B]Onaverage [C]Inprinciple  [D]Aboveall 

5.[A]fond   [B]fearful  [C]capable [D]thoughtless

6.[A]in   [B]on   [C]to   [D]for

7.[A]if    [B]until   [C]though [D]unless

8.[A]promote  [B]emphasize [C]share  [D]test

9.[A]decision [B]quality [C]status [D]success

10.[A]chosen  [B]studied [C]found [D]identified

11.[A]exceptional [B]defensible  [C]replaceable[D]otherwise

12.[A]inspired   [B]expressed  [C]conducted   [D]secured

13.[A]assigned   [B]rated  [C]matched  [D]arranged

14.[A]put  [B]got  [C]gave  [D]took

15.[A]instead   [B]then  [C]ever  [D]rather

16.[A]selected  [B]passed  [C]marked  [D]introduced

17.[A]before   [B]after  [C]above   [D]below

18.[A]jump   [B]float  [C]drop    [D]fluctuate

19.[A]achieve  [B]undo  [C]maintain [D]disregard

20.[A]promising [B]possible [C]necessary  [D]helpful

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.（40points）

Text1

Inthe2006filmversionofTheDevilWearsPrada,MirandaPriestly,playedbyMerylStreep,scoldsherunattractiveassistantforimaginingthathighfashiondoesn’taffecther,Priestlyexplainshowthedeepbluecoloroftheassistant’ssweaterdescendedovertheyearsfromfashionshowstodepartmentsstoresandtothebargainbininwhichthepoorgirldoubtlessfoundhergarment.

Thistop-downconceptionofthefashionbusinesscouldn’tbemoreoutofdateoratoddswiththefeverishwouldbedescribedin Overdressed, ElizabethCline’sthree-year indictment of“fastfashion”.Inthelastdecadeorso,advancesintechnologyhaveallowedmass-marketlabelssuchasZara,H&M,andUniqlotoreacttotrendsmorequicklyandanticipatedemandmoreprecisely.Quickerturnaroundsmeanlesswastedinventory,morefrequentrelease,andmoreprofit.Theselabelsencouragestyle-consciousconsumerstoseeclothesasdisposable-meanttolastonlyawashortwo,althoughtheydon’tadvertisethat–andtorenewtheirwardrobeeveryfewweeks.Byofferingon-trenditemsatdirt-cheapprices,Clineargues,thesebrandshavehijackedfashioncycles,shakinganindustrylongaccustomedtoaseasonalpace.

Thevictimsofthisrevolution,ofcourse,arenotlimitedtodesigners.ForH&Mtooffera$5.95knitminiskirtinallits2,300-piusstoresaroundtheworld,itmustrelyonlow-wageoverseaslabor,orderinvolumesthatstrainnaturalresources,andusemassiveamountsofharmfulchemicals.

Overdressedisthefashionworld’sanswertoconsumer-activistbestsellerslikeMichaelPollan’sTheOmnivore’sDilemma.“Mass-producedclothing,likefastfood,fillsahungerandneed,yetisnon-durableandwasteful,”Clineargues.Americans,shefinds,buyroughly20billiongarmentsayear–about64itemsperperson–andnomatterhowmuchtheygiveaway,thisexcessleadstowaste.

TowardstheendofOverdressed,Clineintroducedherideal,aBrooklynwomannamedSarahKateBeaumont,whosince2008hasmadeallofherownclothes–andbeautifully.ButasClineisthefirsttonote,ittookBeaumontdecadestoperfecthercraft;herexamplecan’tbeknockedoff.

Thoughseveralfast-fashioncompanieshavemadeeffortstocurbtheirimpactonlaborandtheenvironment–includingH&M,withitsgreenConsciousCollectionline–Clinebelieveslastingchangecanonlybeeffectedbythecustomer.Sheexhibitstheidealismcommontomanyadvocatesofsustainability,beitinfoodorinenergy.Vanityisaconstant;peoplewillonlystartshoppingmoresustainablywhentheycan’taffordnotto.

21. Priestlycriticizesherassistantforher

[A]poorbargainingskill.

[B]insensitivitytofashion.

[C]obsessionwithhighfashion.

[D]lackofimagination.

22.AccordingtoCline,mass-marketlabelsurgeconsumersto

[A]combatunnecessarywaste.

[B]shutoutthefeverishfashionworld.

[C]resisttheinfluenceofadvertisements.

[D]shopfortheirgarmentsmorefrequently.

23.Theword“indictment”（Line3,Para.2）isclosestinmeaningto

[A]accusation.

[B]enthusiasm.

[C]indifference.

[D]tolerance.

24.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?

[A]Vanityhasmoreoftenbeenfoundinidealists.

[B]Thefast-fashionindustryignoressustainability.

[C]Peoplearemoreinterestedinunaffordablegarments.

[D]Pricingisvitaltoenvironment-friendlypurchasing.

25.Whatisthesubjectofthetext?

[A]Satireonanextravagantlifestyle.

[B]Challengetoahigh-fashionmyth.

[C]Criticismofthefast-fashionindustry.

[D]Exposureofamass-marketsecret.

Text2

Anoldsayinghasitthathalfofalladvertisingbudgetsarewasted-thetroubleis,nooneknowswhichhalf.Intheinternetage,atleastintheory,thisfractioncanbemuchreduced.Bywatchingwhatpeoplesearchfor,clickonandsayonline,companiescanaim“behavioural”adsatthosemostlikelytobuy.

Inthepastcoupleofweeksaquarrelhasillustratedthevaluetoadvertisersofsuchfine-grainedinformation:

Shouldadvertisersassumethatpeoplearehappytobetrackedandsentbehaviouralads?

Orshouldtheyhaveexplicitpermission?

InDecember2010America'sFederalTradeCommission（FTC）proposedaddinga"donottrack"（DNT）optiontointernetbrowsers,sothatuserscouldtelladvertisersthattheydidnotwanttobefollowed.Microsoft'sInternetExplorerandApple'sSafaribothofferDNT;Google'sChromeisduetodosothisyear.InFebruarytheFTCandDigitalAdvertisingAlliance（DAA）agreedthattheindustrywouldgetcrackingonrespondingtoDNTrequests.

OnMay31stMicrosoftSetofftherow:

ItsaidthatInternetExplorer10,theversionduetoappearwindows8,wouldhaveDNTasadefault.

Itisnotyetclearhowadvertiserswillrespond.GettingaDNTsignaldoesnotobligeanyonetostoptracking,althoughsomecompanieshavepromisedtodoso.UnabletotellwhethersomeonereallyobjectstobehaviouraladsorwhethertheyarestickingwithMicrosoft’sdefault,somemayignoreaDNTsignalandpressonanyway.

AlsouncleariswhyMicrosofthasgoneitalone.Afterall,ithasanadbusinesstoo,whichitsayswillcomplywithDNTrequests,thoughitisstillworkingouthow.IfitistryingtoupsetGoogle,whichreliesalmostwhollyondefaultwillbecomethenorm.DNTdoesnotseemanobviouslyhugesellingpointforwindows8-thoughthefirmhascomparedsomeofitsotherproductsfavourablywithGoogle'sonthatcountbefore.BrendonLynch,Microsoft'schiefprivacyofficer,blogger:

"webelieveconsumersshouldhavemorecontrol."Coulditreallybethatsimple?

26.Itissuggestedinparagraph1that“behavioural”adshelpadvertisersto:

[A]easecompetitionamongthemselves

[B]lowertheiroperationalcosts

[C]avoidcomplaintsfromconsumers

[D]providebetteronlineservices

27.“Theindustry”（Line6,Para.3）refersto:

[A]onlineadvertisers

[B]e-commerceconductors

[C]digitalinformationanalysis

[D]internetbrowserdevelopers

28. BobLiodiceholdsthatsettingDNTasadefault

[A]manycutthenumberofjunkads

[B]failstoaffecttheadindustry

[C]willnotbenefitconsumers

[D]goesagainsthumannature

29.WhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtoParagraph.6?

[A]DNTmaynotserveitsintendedpurpose

[B]AdvertisersarewillingtoimplementDNT

[C]DNTislosingitspopularityamongconsumers

[D]Advertisersareobligedtoofferbehaviouralads

30.Theauthor'sattitudetowardswhatBrendonLynchsaidinhisblogisoneof:

[A]indulgence

[B]understanding

[C]appreciation

[D]skepticism

Text3

Upuntilafewdecadesago,ourvisionsofthefuturewerelargel